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Theses

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1980 - 19884
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Subject: Veterinary Medicine × End date: 1988 × Start date: 1980 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of ascaridia galli infection on newcastle disease (Ranikhet Disease) vaccination
    (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1981) Vikraman, V; KAU; Paily, E P
    Under controlled conditions, the effect of Ascaridiasis on Newcastle disease vaccination was investigated. Haematological studies revealed reduction in erythrocytes, haemoglobin, serum protein, heterophils and basophils and an increase in leukocytes and eosinophils in A. galli infected birds. Post – vaccinal reactions, mostly of a paralytic nature, were observed in 25 – 30 per cent of the infected birds. The immune response of birds to Newcastle disease as revealed by the HI titres, is reduced by A. galli infection, the magnitude of reduction being related to the severity of worm burden. Although, all the birds resisted challenge, A. galli infected birds developed a mild form of disease. The need for routine deworming of birds before vaccination is stressed.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Incidence of leukaemia and leukaemoid reactions in cattle in Kerala
    (Department of Therapeutics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1980) Vijayan, R; KAU; Krishnan, Nair M
    The present study was taken up to investigate the incidence of leukaemia and leukaemoid reactions in cattle in Kerala, utilizing 550 animals from selected private and Government farms and Veterinary institutions of the state. For the haematological diagnosis Benedixen’s key was followed. The haematological values of all the animals examined fell within the category of normal animals and it could be said that bovine leukaemia was not encountered in the bovine population screened in the present investigation. None of the samples showed any evidence of leukaemoid reactions. A few animals with enlarged lymphnodes showed lymphocyte per cent above 80 but their absolute lymphocyte values were within the normal range. The lymphocytes in the blood smears did not show any cytological abnormalities to indicate noeplastic property.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of liver function in ruminal acidosis in goats
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1988) Usha Narayana Pillai; KAU; Alikutty, K M
    The results and conclusions drawn from a study on ruminal acidosis carried out to determine the incidence of disease in the field and clinical signs, changes in rumen liquor, blood and urine during the course of induced disease are presented, Based on the results effect of ruminal acidosis on the functional status of the liver was assessed to strengthen the diagnostic – therapeutic approaches hither – to adopted. The available data on the incidence of disease collected from field Veterinary hospitals were utilized for analysis of digestive disorders in goats. Twenty apparently healthy cross – bred goats of either sex weighing 15.0 to 25.0 kg and of 1 – 3 years in age maintained under identical conditions of feeding and management at the University Livestock Farm (AICRP on Goats for Milk Production), Mannuthy were selected at random and utilized for the present study. They were divided into two groups of eight (Group – 1) and twelve (Group – 11) and fistulated by suitable surgical techniques. Animals of Group – 1 were used as healthy control for this study. Ruminal acidosis was induced in Group – 11 animals by intraruminal administration of crushed raw rice at @ 80 g/kg body weight. Course of the disease was followed and clinical observations were made daily. Rumen liquor, blood and urine samples were collected at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of the experiment and analysed. Similarly samples were collected at 24 hourly intervals from animals of group – 1 and analysed to obtain the normal values. Digestive disorders constituted 57.69 per cent of all diseases in goats. The incidence of primary digestive disorders was 29.37 per cent with acid indigestion forming 18.07 per cent. Seasonal variations in the incidence of ruminal acidosis were significant , the highest incidence was recorded during summer followed by rainy and winter seasons. General depression, dullness, mild tympany, absence of reticulo – ruminal contractions, firm and doughy rumen on palpation, foul smelling diarrhoea, purulent nasal discharge, increased rates of pulse and respiration and signs of dehydration were the important clinical signs noticed in the study. Rumen liquor samples collected from Group – 11 animals at 24 hours after induction of the disease were creamy, faintly sour to distinctly sour odour and watery in consistency. These physical characters of rumen liquor persisted during the rest of the period of observations. Complete absence of protozoal motility and SAT could be observed by 24 hours after induction of the disease. Significant decrease in the pH and NH3 – N with associated increase in lactic acid level were observed in all the samples of rumen liquor while decrease in the TVFA level was significant from the 48th hour of experiment. Significant increase in the blood glucose, lactic acid, GOT, LDH, GDH and T ½ of BSP with associated decrease in A:G ratio, cholesterol and fractional clearance of BSP from plasma were observed in animals in which ruminal acidosis was induced. However, total protein, albumin, GPT and NH3 – N levels in blood did not show any significant variations. Changes in the A:G ratio, GOT, LDH, GDH levels in the blood and fractional clearance of dye from the plasma indicated hepatic insufficiency. Urine samples did not reveal presence of any pathological constituents but a linear relationship was maintained between the pH of urine and rumen liquor. Postmortem findings included peeling of rumen mucosae, congestion all along the gastro – intestinal tract, cardiac dilatation, petechial haemorrhage on myocardium, degeneration and necrosis of liver, distension of gallbladder with greenish – yellow tinged fluid and degeneration of kidney.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Role of selected minerals in ruminal indigestion in cross-bred cattle
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1983) George, Thomas; KAU; Alikutty, K M
    etc. The present investigations were taken up with the objectives to survey the incidence and seasonal dynamics of digestive disorders in cattle in Kerala, to study the associated changes in physical characters, Ph, protozoal motility and sedimatnation activity time of rumen liquor and the status of selected minerals in rumen liquor and blood in clinical cases of simple indigestion in crose – bred cattle and based on the findings in the above to modify and compare the line of therapy for the same. Date collected from selected veterinary hospitals in the field and under the Kerala Agricultural University showed that digestive disorders formed 33.10 per cent of the total of the incidence of diseases in cattle. Among the digestive disorders, cases of indigestion as a whole were 70.07 per cent and simple indigestion mostly associated with dietetic errors were 48.90 per cent. Influence of season on the incidence of these conditions was significant, being highest in summer. This could be attributed to irregularities in with non – availability of good quality fodder throughout the year and feeding cattle predominantly on dry and coarse locally available unconventional animal rations and inadequate supply of water during the season. Eight apparently healthy adult cross-bred cattle from the University Livestock Farm, Mannuthy, formed the healthy control animals (Group I). Twelve clinical cases of simple indigestion in adult cross – bred cattle divided at random into two groups of six each constituted the treatment groups (Group II and III). In Group II animals conventional therapy consisting of bitter stomachics orally and liver extract parenterally was tried. In animals of group III modified therapy comprising of bitter stomachics and ‘Anorexon’ (pfizer pvt. Ltd.) tablets orally and ‘Calborol’ (M & B pvt. Ltd.) intravenously was adopted. Course of the disease was studied and samples of rumen liquor and blood were collected for analysis on the first, fourth and seventh day of admission in the clinic. Important clinical signs of the disease were slight general depression and dullness, partial or complete loss of appetite, suspension of rumination, cessation or depressed rumen contractions, normal or pesty and scanty dung or presence of mild diarrhoes and drop in milk yield. The body temperature and rates of pulse and respiration were normal. Physical characters of the rumen liquor from cattle with simple indigestion were altered in that the colour was brownish yellow/brownish with faintly aromatic/faintly sour odour and thin/thick consistency compared to the greenish yellow colour, aromatic odour and thick consistency of rumen liquor from healthy control animals. Protozoal motility was suppressed (slow (+) to moderate (++) and SAT was prolonged to 26.16 + 1.70 minutes. Levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the rumen liquor and blood were significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in the cases studied. However, the levels of sodium and potassium did not show any significant variations before, during or after therapy. Mean calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium levels of rumen liquor in affected animals were 10.20 + 0.37 mg/dl, 7.76 + 0.23 mg/dl, 5.85 + 0.20 mg/dl, 132.33 + 1.17 mEg/L and 23.93 + 1.74 mEg/L respectively and the corresponding values in blood were 10.17 + 0.096 mg/dl, 5.17 + 0.093 mg/dl, 2.12 + 0.28 mg/dl, 150.35 + 1.30 mEg/L and 4.61 + 0.13 mEg/L. Physical characters, protozoal motility and SAT of the rumen liquor have almost returned to normal ranges following therapy. Improvements in calcium, phosphorus and magnesium level in rumen liquor and blood could presumably be associated with revivel of appetite and increased intake of feed following therapy. On the basis of better clinical response as judged by early return of appetite and milk yield, better improvements in the microbial activity of rumen liquor and mineral status of rumen liquor and blood and shorter recovery period, the modified therapy was found superior to the conventional therapy for the clinical management of simple indigestion in cross – bred cattle.