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20004
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Subject: Veterinary Medicine × Author: KAU × End date: 2000 × Start date: 2000 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Clinicotherapeutic studies on mycotic dermatitis in cattle
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2000) Arun Raphel, P; KAU; Jayakumar, K M  
    A study was designed in the Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy to understand the occurrence and etiology of virous dermatological problems in cattle. Clinico – pathological changes and the efficacy of virus lines treatment were also investigated. The occurrence for the period from January – 1994 to December – 1998 was found to be 4.49 per cent, 38.32 per cent of the cases being mycotic dermatitis, 31.95 per cent fly bite dermatitis/ ectoparasitic dermatitis and 29.73 per cent non – specific dematatological disorders. Detailed clinical examination of cattle with mycotic dermatitis revealed scaling, pruritis, alopecia, increased skin thickness and hypopigmentation of hairs. Presence of biting flies were also recorded. Skin scrapings collected and examined under microscope revealed presence of ectothrix arrangement of fungal spores. Organisms isolated by fungal culture were Trichophyton verrucosum T. mentagrophytes, Penicillium spp. And Aspergillus spp. Neutrophilia, eosinophilia, lower copper and zinc values in blood were observed in mycotic dermatitis. In fly bite/ectoparasitic dermatitis, along with lower copper values in blood, slightly lower albumin, albumin/globulin ratio and eosinophilia were detected. In animals with non – specific dermatological problems along with eosinophilia, lower values of haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, copper, zinc, total protein and albumin were recorded. Histopathological studies revealed chronic dermatitis, with marked lymphocytic infiltration, epidermal hyperplasia and shedding of keratinized scales in non – specific dermatological problems. In cases of mycotic dermatitis invasion of fungi beneath stratum corneum, hair follicle and hyperkeratosis, were noticed. Complete recovery was noticed in all animals treated with Cassia alata leaves paste and Bordeaux mixture – 1 per cent in 21 days. Seven out of eight animals responded to topical application of tincture iodine and glycerine (1:1).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Metabolic profile and clinical management of pospartum udder oedema in dairy cattle
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy, 2000) Venkatesa Kumar, E; KAU; Ajith Kumar, S
    A study was conducted in the Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy for a period of three semesters, during the year 1999 to 2000, to elucidate the etio-pathogenesis of the udder oedema in crossbred cows. The study included haemogram, metabolic profile test, urinalysis, udder measurements and comparison of the efficacy of treatments with Tribulus terreslris Linn and frusemide in udder oedema cases. Twenty crossbred cows with persistent udder oedema were selected. Four cows developed mastitis during the observation period. The remaining sixteen animals were randomly divided into two groups viz. Giroup I with seven animals which were treated with frusemide and Group 11 with nine animals which were treated with Tribulus terrestris Linn. Six apparently healthy cows maintained under identical conditions served as the control group. Udder oedema occurred mostly in first two calvings around pen- parturient period. The affected animals were clinically normal except for the involvement of udder. Oedema extended mostly upto umbilicus, pale to pinkish in colour, cold to touch, pitting on pressure and was painful. Oedema extending to the base of the teats and shortening of teats were also observed. In the present study, haemagalactia, mastitis and maggot wound on the udder were observed as complications of udder oedema. The sole haematological change observed in udder oedema cases was an increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV). The serum biochemical estimation showed a decrease in the serum inorganic phosphorus value of cows with udder oedema when compared to control cows. The post-treatment serum biochemical values showed a decrease in serum potassium in frusemide treatment and an increase in serum glucose in Tribulus terrestris Linn treatment. Urine samples from the affected cows did not show any pathological changes during the observation period. The mean subjective udder oedema score was 3.40 ± 0.31. The udder measurements in cows with udder oedema like circumference of udder showed significant increase and the distance between teat tip and the ground showed significant decrease when compared to the control cows. The udder measurements of both groups became normal after the treatments. Cows which were treated with Tribulus terrestris Linn took less number of days for complete recovery. This treatment was cheaper and effective without any side effects when compared to frusemide treatment. Frusemide treatment led to mild hypokalaemia without any clinical manifestations.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Clinical propaedeutics and rumen fluid changes in Polioencephalomalacia of goats
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy, 2000) Pame Maliekal, T; KAU; Alex, P C
    A study on Polioencephalomalacia was conducted in the Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, for a period of two years (1998 and 1999). The epidemiology, clinical findings, changes in rumen fluid, haematology and serum biochemical changes were studied in PEM affected goats. Six goats affected with Polioencephalomalacia and that responded to thiamine therapy were utilised for this study. Detailed history was collected. Samples of rumen fluid and whole blood from the healthy and diseased animals were collected and analysed. Rumen liquor parameters, viz. , physical characters, microbial activity, total volatile fatty acids, total acidity, lactate and ammonia levels were recorded. Haematological parameters like Hb, PCV, ESR, TEC, TLC and DLC were recorded. Glucose, total protein, albumin, lactate, pyruvate, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels in the serum were estimated. The disease occurred throughout the year with maximum occurrence in the monsoon and post-monsoon period. Occurrence was more in females and in the age group of six months to five years. History suggested carbohydrate rich diet as one of the predisposing factor for the development of Polioencephalomalacia in Kerala. The clinical symptoms noted were nystagmus, lateral deviation of head, circling and lying only on one side. A highly significant increase in the lactate content of rumen fluid, was noted in goats affected significant neutrophilia and with Polioencephalomalacia. Haematology revealed lymphopaenia indicating stress condition. Biochemical changes in the serum revealed significant increase in glucose, lactate and pyruvate levels. Th~ increase in lactate level in the rumen fluid was not enough to induce marked lowering of the rumen pH. Detailed cultural studies are needed to detect the changes in rumen microbial flora in diseased goats. Increased blood lactate and pyruvate levels indicated thiamine insufficiency.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Neurological investigation and treatment of polioencephalomalacia affected goats
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy, 2000) Arun, George; KAU; Alex, P C
    Seven goats diagnosed to be suffering from polioencephalomalacia were used for the present study. It included detailed clinical and neurological examination, CSF collection and analysis, electroencephalography, cranial radiography, histopathology of brain and assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of thiamine hydrochloride intravenously and bismuth carbonate orally in PEM cases. History of the affected animals suggested that feeding of rice gruel (a carbohydrate rich diet) could be one of the predisposing causes for the development of PEM of goats in Kerala. The characteristic clinical signs were head tilt, lateral deviation of head, nystagmus, circling, staggering gait, broad based stance and lying only on one side. Nervous system examination revealed depressed behaviour and deficits in posture and gait. Majority of the cranial nerves did not show deficits. Defects in postural reaction and abnormalities in spinal cord reflexes were detected. CSF examination revealed a significant increase in the mean total protein concentration and a non-significant increase in the total leucocyte count. Electroencephalograms revealed continuous slow waves and asynunetric waves. Another abnormality was high amplitude slow activity. Histopathology of brain revealed necrosis of neurons of the pyramidal and fusiform cell layers of the cerebral cortex with neuronophagia, satellitosis, perivascular oedema, perivascular cuffing and eovascularisation of grey matter. Out of the seven cases, six animals responded to the treatment with thiamine hydrochloride at the rate of 50 mg/kg body weight twice daily intravenously and bismuth carbonate, 15g per animal, orally as a drench for four days.