Loading...
Theses
Browse
1 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Comparative efficacy of xylazine-ketamine premedication on propofol anasthesia for caesarean section in dogs(Department of Veterinery Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Mannuthy, 2006) Ranjith Mohan, M; KAU; Rajankutty, KA study was conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy of xylazine and xylazine-ketamine premedication on propofol anaesthesia in twelve female dogs of different breeds subjected to caesarean section at the Veterinary College Hospitals at Mannuthy and Kokkalai. All the dogs were clinically examined and were randomly divided into two group’s viz. Group I and Group II, each consisting of six dogs. They were serially numbered from 1 to 6. To all the dogs, glycopyrrolate at the dose rate of 0.01 mg/kg bodyweight was administered intramuscularly, 15 minutes prior to the administration of preanaesthetic drug (s). In Group I, Xylazine at the rate of 0.5mg/kg bodyweight and in Group II, Xylazine at the rate of 0.5mg/kg and ketamine at the rate of 2.5mg/kg bodyweight as a combined injection was administered intramuscularly for premedication. In both the groups, fifteen minutes later, propofol 1% emulsion was administered by intravenous bolus injection for the induction of general anaesthesia. Thereafter, 20 ml 1% propofol emulsion was mixed with 180 ml of normal saline solution (i.e. 1 ml contains 1 mg propofol) and was administered intravenously at the rate of 6 drops / kg / min (0.4mg propofol / kg /min.) for maintenance of anaesthesia till the surgical manipulations were completed. Endotracheal intubation was carried out in all the dogs for maintaining the airway patency. The dogs were subjected to caesarean section. Following premedication with xylazine/xylazine-ketamine combination, clinical symptoms like winking of eyes, yawning and incoordination of movements with lowering of head were noticed in the dogs of both the groups. The other common symptoms noticed were vomiting (in three dogs), and licking (in seven dogs) during induction and urination (in seven dogs) during recovery. In both the groups, all the dogs assumed sternal recumbency with head down posture. In the present study, salivation was scanty in both the groups. The induction time was 2.23 ± 1.04 and 2.11 ± 1.08 minutes in Group I and Group II respectively. Duration of anaesthesia was 49.77 ± 1.01 and 50.35 ± 1.07 minutes in Group I and Group II respectively, depending up on the time taken for completing the surgical procedures. Degree of muscle relaxation was moderate to good in Group I and good to excellent in Group II. Quantity of propofol administered for induction was 76.66 ± 2.11 and 92.76 ± 3.21 and for maintenance it was 188.31 ± 5.06 and 193.58 ± 5.13 milligrams in Group I and Group II respectively. Time required for surgical operation was 52.00 ± 1.02 and 53.01 ± 1.11 minutes in Group I and Group II respectively. Recovery time was 17.66 ± 1.81 and 22.68 ± 2.01 minutes in Group I and Group II respectively. There was a decrease in rectal temperature, respiration rate, and heart rate following the premedication and after the administration of propofol in both the groups. But the pulse rate was decreased following the premedication and increased during propofol anaesthesia in both the groups. The conjunctival mucous membrane was congested before, after premedication and till complete recovery and was pale roseate by 24 hours after administration of propofol. There was a decrease in the volume of packed red cells, haemoglobin concentration, and total leukocyte count following the premedication and after the administration of propofol in both the groups. There was an increase in the neutrophil count with decrease in lymphocyte count after premedication and decrease in the lymphocyte count with increase in neutrophil count following administration of propofol in both the groups. The variations in monocyte and eosinophil counts were marginal in both the groups. The basophil count was zero throughout the period of study. There was a decrease in the serum sodium and serum potassium concentration after premedication and increase after the administration of propofol in both the groups. The changes were marginal and within the normal limits. There was an increase in the serum total protein content with decrease in albumin/globulin ratio after premedication and a decrease in serum total protein content with a gradual increase in albumin/globulin ratio after the administration of propofol in both the groups. Total number of puppies delivered was 65 from twelve female dogs subjected to caesarean section. Out of the 38 puppies delivered, 29 were live and nine were dead in Group I. Out of the 27 puppies delivered, 20 were live and seven were dead in Group II. In Group I, all the 29 live puppies were active and cried crying within two minutes. In Group II, out of the 20 live puppies, nine were active and cried immediately, but 11 puppies were sluggish and depressed and took 5-10 minutes for revival. But the four puppies delivered from pug died within 24 hours. All the dogs had an uneventful recovery from anaesthesia and were without any postoperative complications.