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Theses

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1994 - 19953
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Subject: Veterinary Anatomy × End date: 1997 × Start date: 1994 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Postnatal Development of the Oviduct in the Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
    (Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1994) Lucy, K M; KAU; Harshan, K R
    The structure and postnatal development of the oviduct in quails were investigated using 72 birds aged from day-old to 60 days. The growth, morphology and histology of the oviduct were studied using six birds at each age group. In the day-old quail chick, the oviduct could seen as a narrow white translucent tube towards the left side of the coelom connected by dorsal and ventral ligaments. The sign of coiling was evident from 25 days of age. In the initial stages, the increase in weight and length of oviduct was in accordance with the growth of the bird. Rapid changes in the development of the organ occurred between 30 and 4 0 days of age and a spurt in growth was noticed from 40-60 days of age. In the day-old chick, the cranial regions of the oviduct corresponding to the infundibulum, magnum and isthmus were undifferentiated. Throughout the length of the oviduct, histological appearance was the same. The mucosa was thrown into low primary folds lined by simple columnar epithelium and there was subepithelial connective tissue containing densely packed cells with fine collagen and reticular fibres. The large number of luminal epithelial cells and the increase in height of the mucosal folds indicated entry into a rapid growth phase which started between 30 and 40 days of age. In the adult bird, the innermost epithelium of the different segments of the oviduct consisted of ciliated columnar cells and secretory goblet cells. Lamina propria was packed with tubular glands except in the funnel of infundibulum, magnum-isthmus junction and vagina. Bundles of collagen and a few elastic and reticular fibres constituted the core of the mucosal folds. Mucosal folds also contained lymphocytes in diffuse form and nodular aggregates. Thickness of the tunica muscularis increased from the anterior to the posterior end of the oviduct. Externally there was a typical serosa
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Postnatal development of the upper digestive tract in the Japanese quail
    (Department of Anatomy, College of veterinary and animal sciences, Mannuthy, 1995) Maya, S; KAU; Lucy Paily
    The structure and postnatal development of the upper digestive tract of Japanese quails were studied using 72 birds aged from day-old to 60 days for proper understanding of their functional peculiarities. The growth, morphology and histology of the tongue, pharynx, cervical and thoracic parts of oesophagus, crop, proventriculus and gizzard were studied using six birds at each age group. The age groups studied were at three days interval upto 15 days and thereafter at five days interval upto 30 days and then at ten days interval upto 60 days of age. Maximum weight of each part was recorded at 60 days of age. But maximum contribution to body weight by each part occurred within the first week of age. The tongue, pharynx and oesophagus were lined by stratified squamous epithelium, which showed keratinization on the anterior two-third of the ventral surface of the tongue and on the papillae of the tongue and pharynx. Filiform, conical and fungiform papillae were present on the base of the tongue. The rostral lingual glands contained both serous and mucous end pieces, but posterior glands showed only mucous cells. The taste buds were associated with the glandular ducts. The skeleton of the tongue showed signs of ossification from 30th day of age, with the tip of the entoglossal bone remaining cartilaginous even upto 60 days of age. In the pharynx, pharyngeal tonsil and palatine, sphenopterygoid and cricoarytenoid salivary glands were noticed. In addition to mucous and pieces the medial palatine glands exhibited serous and pieces also. Within the choanal slit and laryngeal inlet the squamous epithelium changed into respiratory epithelium. Laryngeal cartilages were cricoids, procricoid and paired arytenoids. The oesophagus was represented by a long cervical and short thoracic parts with a diverticulum, the crop. The epithelium on the top of the longitudinal mucosal folds was higher in the cervical oesophagus. Mucous glands were present throughout the oesophagus and crop but much reduced in the greater curvature of the crop and lymphoid tissue was absent at the region. Muscularis mucosa and submucosa entered into the longitudinal folds. Tunica muscularis consisted of iner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscles. Tunica adventitia was the outermost layer. A well developed oesophageal tonsil was present at the oesophago- proventricular junction. THh spindle-shaped proventriculars had a mucosa studied with minute nodules. Surface epithelium consisted of cuboidal to columnar cells. Lamina propria contained simple tubular glands. Muscularis mucosa consisted of scattered bundles of longitudinagl smooth muscle fibres. The compound tubular glands in the submucosa were lined by oxyntico peptic cells which had a dentate appearance. Tunica muscularis consisted of inner and oter longitudinal and middle circular layers of smooth muscle fibres. Outermost was the serosa. At the isthmus, the glands and outer longitudinal muscle layer of proventriculus disappeared and the lamina propria contained glands similar to those of gizzard. The biconvex dis-shaped gizzard had a greater dorsoventral diameter than cranio – caudal diameter. Internal to the serous lining was the tendon layer which was thickest at the tendinous aponeurosis and absent at the blind sacs. The lateral muscles consisted of a single layer of smooth muscle where as the blind sacs had inner longitudinal and outer circular muscle layers. Submucosa was dense and the muscularis mucosa absent. The tubular gland in the lamina propria were lined mainly by chief cells, and few basal and intermediate cells.Tall columnar cells which showed supranuclear PAS positive reaction, constituted the surface epithelium. The gizzard lining consisted of arrays of vertical columns, secreted by the tubular glands and a matrix produced by surface cells. The junction of gizzard with duodenum was marked by a constriction of muscularis mucosa forming a fold of the muscularis and tunica propria. Posterior to the fold spatula –shaped duodenal villi and coiled tubular glands with goblet cells were observed.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Postnatal development of the oviduct in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
    (Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1994) Lucy, K M; KAU; Harshan, K R
    The structure and postnatal development of the oviduct in quails were investigated using 72 birds aged from day-old to 60 days. The growth, morphology and histology of the oviduct were studied using six birds at each age group. In the day-old quail chick, the oviduct could seen as a narrow white translucent tube towards the left side of the coelom connected by dorsal and ventral ligaments. The sign of coiling was evident from 25 days of age. In the initial stages, the increase in weight and length of oviduct was in accordance with the growth of the bird. Rapid changes in the development of the organ occurred between 30 and 40 days of age and a sprut in growth was noticed from 40-60 days of age. In the day-old chick, the cranial regions of the oviduct corresponding to the infundibulum, magnum and isthmus were undifferentiated. Throughout the length of the oviduct, histological appearance was the same. The mucosa was thrown into low primary folds lined by simple columnar epithelium and there was subepithelial connective tissue containing densely packed cells with fine collagen and reticular fibres. The large number of luminal epithelial cells and the increase in height of the mucosal folds indicated entry into a rapid growth phase which started between 30 and 40 days of age. In the adult bird, the innermost epithelium of the different segments of the oviduct consisted of ciliated columnar cells and secretary goblet cells. Lamina propria was packed with tabular glands except in the funnel of infundibulum, magnum-isthumas junction and vagina. Bundles of collagen and a few elastic and reticular fibres constituted the core of the mucosal folds. Mucosal folds also contained lymphocytes in diffuse form and nodular aggregates. Thickness of the tunica muscularis increased from the anterior to the posterior end of the oviduct. Externally there was a typical serosa. Mucosal ridges of the thin walled funnel of the infundibulum were narrow and at the bases of these ridges were the glandular grooves. Tunica muscularis consisted of circularly arranged fibres and scattered bundles. Within the neck of the infundibulum, height of the mucosal ridges was more. Lining cells of the tubular glands showed PAS +ve reaction. Magnum was the longest and most coiled component of the oviduct, the wall of which was thicker due to the greatest development of tubular glands. Mucosal ridges of the isthumus were angular in appearance. Apex of the lining epithelium presented glycogen granules. Tunica muscularis consisted of inner circular and outer poorly developed longitudinal smooth muscle separated by loose connective tissue and blood vessels. Uterus was wider and thinner than the cranial portions in day-old bird itself. Secondary mucosal folds and scattered muscle fibres could be noticed at 15 days of age. In the adult bird, mucosal was thrown into numerous long, flat, discontinuous, spatula – shaped folds lined by alternating spical and basal cells. Lamina propria was loosely packed with tubular glands. Tunica muscularis was better developed with inner circular and irregular bundles and outer longitudinal muscle layer. Ultero – vaginal junction was characterized by the presence of sperm – host glands. In the vagina, mucosal folds were narrow and regular. Lining epithelium was higher . Musculature was thickest in this region. Acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were detected throughout the oviduct, the greatest activity being in the uterine region.