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ThesisItem Open Access Forecasting models for crop yield in cashew (anacahdium occident ale l.)(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1987) Usha, Menon R; KAU; George, K CThesisItem Open Access Statistical approach on the pattern of development of shank length in ducks(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1989) Sunanda, C; KAU; George, K CThe present investigation entitled ‘‘statistical approach on the pattern of development of shank length in Ducks’’ has been undertaken to study the following objectives. 1. To examine the pattern of development of shank length in two breeds of ducks in University Duck Farm, Mannuthy. 2. To compare them (a) between genetic group (b) between males and females within each genetic groups (c) between males of genetic group (d) between females of genetic group and 3. To fit appropriate growth curves for prediction of body weight through shank length at different stages of growth. For this purpose shank length and body weights on 14 males and 25 females of Desi ducklings and 26 males and 26 females of White Pekin (WP) ducklings were utilized. The ducklings were reared for twelve weeks in Kerala Agricultural University Duck Farm, Mannuthy under uniform feed formula and identical management practices. In the day old and the twelfth week of age uniformity could be seen in the mean shank length of the four groups. But at the fourth and eighth week of age, mean shank length of the four groups was not uniform. Upto ninth week of age, Desi females had higher shank length than the other three groups except at the fifth week. But during the fifth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth week of age Desi males had the highest shank length. The least shank length was always observed for WP males. During the entire period, Desi ducklings had higher shank length than WP duckling. The growth pattern of body weight was not uniform in the four groups except the initial body weight. High correlation was found between the body weight and shank length. It revealed that shank length can be made a criterion for selection for higher body weight. The method of comparison of growth rates recommended by Rao (1958) was found unsuitable for the present study. Among the functional relationships worked out linear, exponential and second degree equations were found to be unsuitable for fitting shank length as a function of age. Modified exponential, logistic, Gompertz and Von-Bertalanffy equations were found to be suitable for fitting shank length over a period of time. Among these four, Gompertz was found to be the best fit. The second best fitted equation was logistic. Graphs of the best fitted equations ie. Gompertz and logistic were drawn for all the six group along with the observed values. This also confirms above result. Among the two functional relations ie. linear and exponential used for predicting body weight from shank length, exponential was found to be most suitable.ThesisItem Open Access Milk marketing in the organised sector- a programming approach to optimisation of collection and distribution(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1987) Asokan, M V; KAU; Ravindranathan, NTwo milk collection and one distribution route were taken for suggesting a suitable transportation model for optimizing the cost of collection and distribution of milk in dairy plants. Three Vehicle Scheduling Models, viz. saving model (model 1) suggested by Clarke and Wright (1964) λ model (model II) and ∏ model (model III) suggested by Gaskel (1967) were used in this study. Since there was high variation in supply of milk by each society to chilling plant, median and third quartile values of daily supply of milk of two selected months for each season was taken as expected availability of milk. Maximum distance that can be travelled by a truck in a route was calculated by considering the time. Morning and evening routes were formed with median and third quartile values as expected availability of milk in each season. Routes obtained in all cases indicated that routes formed by model 1 were the best. In the case of distribution of milk routes obtained by the model I was found to be the best. Using traveling salesman problem technique, an attempt was made to check the optimality of the routes obtained by each model and found that the routes were not optimum in most of the cases. Refinement method suggested by Holmes and Parker (1976) was tried out for knowing whether any further improvement is possible in model I. In certain cases better routes could be achieved. From this study, it is suggested that for the route formation in dairy plants for collection and distribution of milk, three techniques, viz. Clarke and Wright method (model I). Refinement method and traveling Slaesman problem technique should be used in the order stated. Forty four dairy co-operative societies were considered in the analysis of performance rating and grading of societies. Seven parameters were taken and subjective weights were given to each of them. Total score for each society was calculated and based on it the societies were graded as A, B, C and D.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of genetic divergence by factor analysis in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1986) Muralidharan, K; KAU; Saraswathi, PFactor analysis, Principal component analysis, discriminent analysis, and cluster analysis were carried out with a multivariate data on 30 characters of 62 bunch type groundnut varieties grown in upland during khariff 1982 and rice fallows during summer 1982. Vegetative, reproductive and growth factors were identified as the causative factors of genetic divergence in both the environments. A height factor was also found to work with rice fallows. The characters which were most amenable to change due to selection in these factors were identified. They were not found to agree with the results obtained from discriminant analysis. When factor loadings were estimated from principal components, clustering of characters were found identical to those obtained from factor analysis.ThesisItem Open Access Factor analysis of genetic divergence in sesame(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1988) Tes, P Mathew; KAU; Saraswathi, PSesame is an important annual oil seed crop grown in India. It is grown in a very limited area of 1453 hecters in Kerala. The lack of high yielding varieties suitable to the seasons in different regions was the main factor limiting the productivity of sesame in our State. The genetically divergent parents will produce better segregants in the hybridisation programme. The present study was undertaken to delineate the underlying causes of divergence in the sesame plants using the factor analytic methods.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative study of genotype environment interactions in Sesame(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1989) Mini, C J; KAU; George, K CThe present study has been conducted to choose a consistent variety for all the regions and all seasons in the light of genotype-environment interaction with the following objectives. (i) to evaluate the existing techniques available for studying GE interaction in sesame (ii) to develop new concepts and methods to solve some problems peculiar to crop sesame like non-linearity of interactions, non-orthogonality of data and different patterns of genotype-environment (GE) interactions that are encountered while studying the stability of varieties simultaneously for several traits.ThesisItem Open Access Biennial tendency among coconut hybrids- a statistical study(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1989) Lathy, K S; KAU; Saraswathy, PThe present study deals with the objective of estimating the magnitude of biennial tendency among coconut hybrids and WCT and to test for their significance. Non parametric and parametric approaches were tried for the study. The intensity of crop fluctuations was also estimated. The magnitude of biennial tendency was 100 per cent, 52.26 per cent and 84.34 per cent respectively for the WCT palms taken from RARS, Pilicode; RARS, Kumarakam and CRS, Balaramapuram. 100 per cent bienniality was observed for the WCT palms which were subjected to NPK manuring and for the hybrid varieties NCD, LO x GB and CC x GB palms. 97.59, 94.12, 80, 83.33, 80, 71.42, 66.67, 95.69, 88.89 and 25 per cent of the palms of WCT x CDG, WCT x GB, AO x GB, Java x GB, LS x GB, T x G, T x SS, T x D, T x GB and komadan exhibited biennial tendency. T x AD and T x LD palms showed only 14.29 per cent bienniality. Intensity of crop fluctuations was less than 50 per cent for almost all these varieties. The distribution of palms in the ‘on’and ‘off’ phase also established the existence of biennial tendency. The test of significance of biennial tendency established the existence of biennial tendency established the existence of biennial tendency among all the WCT and hybrid palms except for T x AD and T x LD. The time-trend was not found to be a significant characteristic for almost all the varieties. WCT palms which were subjected to fertilizer management during the period of the study and WCT x cdg palms were found to be influenced by both the time-trend and biennial tendency.ThesisItem Open Access Optimum stratification for yield estimation in cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L.)(Department of Agricultural Statistics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2000) Sunil Kumar, G; KAU; Gopinathan Unnithan, V KInvestigation on "Optimum stratification for yield estimation In cocoa (Theobroma cacao. L)" was carried out in the department of Agricultural Statistics, College of Horticulture, V ellanikkara during 1997-99 using data on 1025 'F orestro' variety cocoa trees from the Cadbury-KAU Co-operative Cocoa Research Project (CCRP), College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University. Four different stratification rules, viz, cumulative root 'f rule, cumulative cube root 'f rule, Ekman's rule and an iterative procedure for function minimisation, were used to arrive at boundary points of strata. For each of these rules stratification was carried out on average yield of yester years, canopy spread, value of HxG2 where 'H' is height and 'G' is the girth of the trees, the first principal component derived from these variates and height and girth of the trees and regression estimate of the study character with the predictor variables mentioned above. Sampling variance of the estimator of the population mean under Neyman allocation for two to five strata situations was estimated in each case, assuming a uniform sample size of 200. Different stratification rules and stratification variables were compared using these estimates. No single rule was found to be appropriate for all the stratification variables and for different number of strata. But in most of the cases the cumulative root 'f rule was found to be good for smaller number of strata followed by the cumulative cube root 'f rule. For large number of strata, the iterative procedure performed consistently well compared to all the other methods. In the case of stratification based on the canopy spread, the Ekman' s method was found to be good for different numbers of strata. Regarding the stratification variables, the average yield of yester years was found to be best followed by the regression estimate in the sense of resulting in smaller sampling variance of the estimator of the population mean. Stratification based on value of HxG2 and the first principal component were found to be inferior. Average yield of yester years or regression estimate of yield could be used as covariate to perform the analysis of covariance for experiments in cocoa and also blocking of trees could be done based on these for the conduct of planned experiments on cocoa.
