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ThesisItem Open Access Forecasting models for crop yield in cashew (anacahdium occident ale l.)(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1987) Usha, Menon R; KAU; George, K CThesisItem Open Access Statistical approach on the pattern of development of shank length in ducks(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1989) Sunanda, C; KAU; George, K CThe present investigation entitled ‘‘statistical approach on the pattern of development of shank length in Ducks’’ has been undertaken to study the following objectives. 1. To examine the pattern of development of shank length in two breeds of ducks in University Duck Farm, Mannuthy. 2. To compare them (a) between genetic group (b) between males and females within each genetic groups (c) between males of genetic group (d) between females of genetic group and 3. To fit appropriate growth curves for prediction of body weight through shank length at different stages of growth. For this purpose shank length and body weights on 14 males and 25 females of Desi ducklings and 26 males and 26 females of White Pekin (WP) ducklings were utilized. The ducklings were reared for twelve weeks in Kerala Agricultural University Duck Farm, Mannuthy under uniform feed formula and identical management practices. In the day old and the twelfth week of age uniformity could be seen in the mean shank length of the four groups. But at the fourth and eighth week of age, mean shank length of the four groups was not uniform. Upto ninth week of age, Desi females had higher shank length than the other three groups except at the fifth week. But during the fifth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth week of age Desi males had the highest shank length. The least shank length was always observed for WP males. During the entire period, Desi ducklings had higher shank length than WP duckling. The growth pattern of body weight was not uniform in the four groups except the initial body weight. High correlation was found between the body weight and shank length. It revealed that shank length can be made a criterion for selection for higher body weight. The method of comparison of growth rates recommended by Rao (1958) was found unsuitable for the present study. Among the functional relationships worked out linear, exponential and second degree equations were found to be unsuitable for fitting shank length as a function of age. Modified exponential, logistic, Gompertz and Von-Bertalanffy equations were found to be suitable for fitting shank length over a period of time. Among these four, Gompertz was found to be the best fit. The second best fitted equation was logistic. Graphs of the best fitted equations ie. Gompertz and logistic were drawn for all the six group along with the observed values. This also confirms above result. Among the two functional relations ie. linear and exponential used for predicting body weight from shank length, exponential was found to be most suitable.ThesisItem Open Access Milk marketing in the organised sector- a programming approach to optimisation of collection and distribution(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1987) Asokan, M V; KAU; Ravindranathan, NTwo milk collection and one distribution route were taken for suggesting a suitable transportation model for optimizing the cost of collection and distribution of milk in dairy plants. Three Vehicle Scheduling Models, viz. saving model (model 1) suggested by Clarke and Wright (1964) λ model (model II) and ∏ model (model III) suggested by Gaskel (1967) were used in this study. Since there was high variation in supply of milk by each society to chilling plant, median and third quartile values of daily supply of milk of two selected months for each season was taken as expected availability of milk. Maximum distance that can be travelled by a truck in a route was calculated by considering the time. Morning and evening routes were formed with median and third quartile values as expected availability of milk in each season. Routes obtained in all cases indicated that routes formed by model 1 were the best. In the case of distribution of milk routes obtained by the model I was found to be the best. Using traveling salesman problem technique, an attempt was made to check the optimality of the routes obtained by each model and found that the routes were not optimum in most of the cases. Refinement method suggested by Holmes and Parker (1976) was tried out for knowing whether any further improvement is possible in model I. In certain cases better routes could be achieved. From this study, it is suggested that for the route formation in dairy plants for collection and distribution of milk, three techniques, viz. Clarke and Wright method (model I). Refinement method and traveling Slaesman problem technique should be used in the order stated. Forty four dairy co-operative societies were considered in the analysis of performance rating and grading of societies. Seven parameters were taken and subjective weights were given to each of them. Total score for each society was calculated and based on it the societies were graded as A, B, C and D.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative study of lactation curves in cattle(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1985) Mathew Sebastian; KAU; George, K CAn investigation, based on 174 normal lactation records of 93 Jersey crossbred cows and 90 normal Isolation records of 55 Brown Swiss crossbred cows belonged to the University Livestock Farm, Mannuthy, was undertaken : (1) to compare the relative efficiency of various isolation curve models and to select the best one (ii) to compare the two genetic groups based on order of Isolation and season of calving and (iii) to develop equations for predicting total milk yield from part yields. Records upto the 4th Isolation were included in the study. The observations spread over a period of six years from 1978 to 1983. The year was delinested into dry, rainy and moderate seasons.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of genetic divergence by factor analysis in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1986) Muralidharan, K; KAU; Saraswathi, PFactor analysis, Principal component analysis, discriminent analysis, and cluster analysis were carried out with a multivariate data on 30 characters of 62 bunch type groundnut varieties grown in upland during khariff 1982 and rice fallows during summer 1982. Vegetative, reproductive and growth factors were identified as the causative factors of genetic divergence in both the environments. A height factor was also found to work with rice fallows. The characters which were most amenable to change due to selection in these factors were identified. They were not found to agree with the results obtained from discriminant analysis. When factor loadings were estimated from principal components, clustering of characters were found identical to those obtained from factor analysis.ThesisItem Open Access Factor analysis of genetic divergence in sesame(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1988) Tes, P Mathew; KAU; Saraswathi, PSesame is an important annual oil seed crop grown in India. It is grown in a very limited area of 1453 hecters in Kerala. The lack of high yielding varieties suitable to the seasons in different regions was the main factor limiting the productivity of sesame in our State. The genetically divergent parents will produce better segregants in the hybridisation programme. The present study was undertaken to delineate the underlying causes of divergence in the sesame plants using the factor analytic methods.ThesisItem Open Access Comparison of different techniques for the estimation of genotype-environment interaction(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1984) Laly John, C; KAU; Gopinathan Unnithan, V KThe genotypic stability analyses of Eberhart and Russell (1966), Perkins and Jinks (1968), Freeman and Perkins (1971), Wricke (1966) and Shukla (1972) were studied in detail. The mistakes in the analysis of variance of Perkins and Jinks (1968) were corrected. The first three analyses which used the theory of regression explains a large part of the genotypic environment interaction. On the otherhand, when the regression cannot explain a large part of the genotype - environment interaction, Wrioke's ecovalence ratio and Shukla's stability variance could satisfactorily be used.ThesisItem Open Access Optimum plot size for field experiments on turmeric (Curcuma longa L)(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1984) Gopakumaran Nair, B; KAU; Prabhakaran, P VA uniformity trial on turmeric (Curcuma Longa. L.) was conducted at the experimental field of College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, during the period from June 1983 to January 1984 to assess the nature and magnitude of soil heterogeneity of the experimental field, and to determine the optimum size and shape of experimental plots and blocks in conducting field trials on turmeric by different methods. At the time of harvest, the yield data from 864 plots each of size 0.6m x 0.75m were recorded separately, discarding the external border row.ThesisItem Open Access Pre-harvest forecasting of sugarcane yield(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1984) Alphi Korath; KAU; Prabhakaran, P VSeveral yield prediction models were tried to examine their suitability for the pre-harvest prediction of yield of two varieties of sugarcane namely CO-997 and CO-62175 in different months of plant growth using biometric characters based on the data collected from the Sugarcane Research Station, Thiruvalla. The methods of multiple regression analysis, path coefficient analysis and principal component analysis were used for the above purpose. Multiple regression analysis using plant biometric characters revealed that cane yield could be predicted on the basis of observations on height of the cane, girth of the cane find estimated total leaf area per cane or area of third leaf from the seventh month after planting onwards with an accuracy in the range of 59*5 to 81.9 per cent. The estimated cane yield when multiplied by the number of canes in the plot will give an advance estimate of the plot yield Linear models with five biometric characters viz., height of the cane, girth of the cane, width of the third leaf determined from the selected plants of each plot and number of canes/tillers and number of leaves determined on a whole plot basis were sufficient to predict the plot yield of the crop as early as in the fifth month of plant growth with an accuracy in the range 68 to 90 per cent. Path analysis revealed that height of the cane and girth of the cane were the t wo important characters contributing towards cane yield in all stages of plant growth. Using the forecasting models fitted with principal components as explanatory variables, yield could effectively be predicted with 81.4. per cent accuracy for variety CO-997 and with 76 per cent accuracy for variety 00-62175 in the Sixth month of plant growth.