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1994 - 199912020 - 20211
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Subject: Soil Science and Water Management × Start date: 1990 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development and evaluation of small scale hydroponic green fodder production system
    (Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, KCAET, Tavanur, 2021) Adarsha Gopalakrishna Bhat; Jinu, A
    A research on development and evaluation of small scale hydroponic green fodder production system was conducted in PFDC building of Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Tavanur. The objective of research work was to develop a small scale hydroponic green fodder production system, testing of developed system under different micro climatic condition and estimation of water use efficiency for different water application method. Three different water application methods mist (I1), micro sprinkler (I2), fogger (I3) were selected. Artificial light source of LED red (L1), LED blue (L2), LED red + blue (L3) and sunlight were taken for the study. Statistical analysis was conducted to understand the significance of different treatments used in the experiment. A working prototype with best treatments observed during the study was built and cost economics were studied. The highest yield was observed in treatment involving fogger irrigation and LED red + blue (2.11 kg/tray) with the highest water use efficiency (515.43 kg/m3 ) compared to other treatments. The results are in accordance to the results found by Bian et al., (2018) and Kobayashi et al., (2013), who also found the highest yield under the combination of red + blue LED. Seed to fodder ratio obtained was 1: 6. Chemical analysis showed higher percentage of crude protein (13.56%) and crude fibre (12.59%) in this treatment. Higher growth of green fodder under artificial light source can be attributed to the continuous supply of energy compared to highly varying sunlight and also the uniform distribution of water by fogger irrigation which maintained favourable condition for fodder growth. Results clearly shows that growing green fodder with artificial light source (LED red + blue) and water supply with fogger can be commended to farmers for achieving better growth of green fodder for domestic animals.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Modelling of carbofuran movement and sorption in soils with varying physico-chemical properties
    (Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1994) Moossa, P P; KAU; Rajendran, P
    An experiment was conducted at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani, during 1992 – 93 for modelling carbofuran movement and sorption in soils with varying physic – chemical properties. Undisturbed vertical and horizontal soil columns were used for the study. Five major locations of the state cropped to banana were selected for the study viz. Malappuram (Ultisol), Chengannur (Inceptisol), Kayamkulam (Entisol), Nedumangad (Mollisol) and Kuttanad (Entisol). The soils exhibited wide variation in the major physico – chemical properties such as texture, water holding capacity, bluk density, particle density, hydraulic conductivity, CEC, AEC and organic matter. The mineralogy of the clay samples had revealed the occurrence of Kaolinite, quartz and smetite as major minerals in these soils. Distribution of carbofuran in the vertical soil columns showed high concentration of carbofuran at lower depths in the first observation for the Inceptisol of Chengannur and the Entisol of Kayamkulam. While in the 6th observation, the Ultisol of Malappuram, Entisol of Kuttanad and the Mollisol of Nedumangad showed higher concentrations in the lower layers due to higher adsorption. Horizontal distribution of carbofuran was very low though significant differences were observed between soils. Maximum horizontal distribution was observed in the Entisol of Kuttanad and the least for the Entisol of Kayamkulam. Regression equation of soil properties on carbofuran content indicated significant influence for organic matter and clay content. Path coefficient analysis of soil properties revealed significant direct positive effect for organic matter and significant direct negative effect for clay content. Indirect negative effects expressed through pH, clay content, Bulk density and AEC with respect to organic matter was not strong enough to counteract the direct positive effect. Similarly the indirect positive effect contributed by clay through organic matter, CEC and sesquioxide was also not sufficient to overcome the direct negative effect. Concentration of carbofuran in the leachate showed highest values for the Inceptisol of Chengannur followed by the Entisol of Kayamkulam, both having low CEC, organic matter and clay content. The Ultisol of Malappuram with high organic matter, CEC and clay had given the lowest value for carbofuran in the leachate. Persistence of carbofuran of was maximum in the Mollisol of Nedumangad with high organic matter, clay content and CEC. Persistence was poor in the Inceptisol of Chengannur and the Entisol of Kayamkulam which are low in organic matter, clay content and CEC. Persistence was poor in the Inceptisol of Chengannur and the entisol of Kayamkulam which are low in organic matter, clay content and CEC. The only transformation product identified was 3 – keto carbofuran observed in the surface soil of Ultisol of Malappuram and Mollisol of Nedumanged in the last observation made at 80 days after application.