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Subject: Poultry Science × Author: KAU × End date: 1996 × Start date: 1996 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Cellulase supplementation in high fibre diet on the performance of layer chicken
    (Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science, Mannuthy, 1996) Ponnuvel, P; KAU; Jalaludeen, A
    The effect of three levels of cellulose enzyme viz., 0.06, 0.12 and 0.18 per cent in high fibre layer rations on production performance and on nutrient availability of egg type chicken was evaluated using one hundred and fifty ‘F’ strain of Single Comb White Leghorn Pullets of 21 week of age for a period of 20 weeks. The birds were divided in to five dietary treatment groups viz., Standared layer ration (T1), high fibre layer ration (T2), high fibre layer ration with 0.06 per cent cellulase (T3) high fibre layer ration with 0.12 per cent cellulase(T4), high fibre layer ration with 0.18 per cent cellulase(T5). Standard layer ration (SLR) was formulated as per BIS (1992) specification for chicken layers. The high fibre layer ration was similar to SLR except the level of crude fibre which was enhanced to 12 per cent. The inclusion level of undecorticated sunflower cake was enhanced in order to obtain the desired level of crude fibre in the high fibre layer ration. The mean daily feed intake per bird was significantly (p<0.01) higher in birds fed high fibre diet with out enzyme and was different from all other groups. A numerical improvement in per cent hen-day and hen-housed egg production was noticed among enzyme supplemented groups. However, the increase was not statistically significant. Numerically superior feed efficiency was observed with all the enzyme supplemented groups when compared with standard layer diet as well as high fibre diet without enzyme. However, the differences among various treatments in feed per dozen eggs were not statistically significant. The gain in body weight of birds fed on high fibre diet with 0.12 per cent cellulase was significantly (p<0.05) higher than unsupplemented high fibre diet. Body weight gain was statistically comparable among birds fed on high fibre diet supplemented with different levels of cellulase and those fed with SLR. Cellulase supplementation did not have any significant influence on mean egg weight. Cellulase addition did not improve the dry matter digestibility. The apparent metabolisable energy (AME) values were significantly (P<0.01) higher in birds fed with high fibre diet supplemented with 0.12 and 0.18 per cent cellulase than unsupplemented high fibre control. The AME values of standard and enzyme fed groups were statistically comparable. Cellulase supplementation significantly (p<0.01) improved the apparent protein digestibility and ether extract digestibility when compared with high fibre control. Though numerical increase in the digestibility of fibre fractions viz., ADF and NDF was observed due to cellulase supplementation, differences were not significant among treatments, supplementation of cellulase enzyme significantly (P<0.01) reduced the moisture content of droppings when compared with unsupplemented high fibre diet. The viscosity of intestinal contents was significantly lower (p<0.01) in birds fed with high fibre diet supplemented with varying levels of cellulase. Cost of production of eggs was lower in all enzymes supplemented groups when compared with standard layer diet and high fibre diet without enzyme addition. Based on the above findings, it can be concluded that cellulase supplementation in high fibre later ration is beneficial especially when fibrous agricultural by-products are used as alternate feed ingredients in the chicken diet.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Egg weight profile in three strains of white leghorns
    (Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science, Mannuthy, 1996) Prabhakaran, K B; KAU; Jalaludeen, A
    An experiment was conducted to study the egg weight profile in three strains of White Leghorn viz., IWN, IWP and control population (CP) maintained at the All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Poultry improvement, Mannuthy Centre. One hundred pullets from each strain chosen at random at 18 weeks of age were used for the study. The body weight at 20 and 40 weeks of age, average age at first egg, per cent hen housed production, weekly egg weight, 28-day period-wise egg weight, weight of first egg, magnitude of variation in egg weight, per cent variation in egg weight, distribution of eggs under different weight classes and correlation of egg weight with body weight and production were studied from 19 to 52 weeks of age. The mean body weight at 20 weeks of age was 1.339, 1.421 and 1.229 kg in IWN, IWP and CP respectively. The corresponding values at 40 weeks of age for the above strains were 1.539, 1.546 and 1.445 kg respectively. The results indicated a statistically significant difference between three strains at both the periods. Mean age at first egg was 149.53, 136.41 and 153.85 days in IWN, IWP and CP respectively. The overall mean hen housed egg production from 19 to 52 weeks of age was 65.48, 60.50 and 64.42 per cent for the above strains respectively which were statistically comparable. The overall mean egg weight from 19 to 52 weeks of age was 49.02, 48.14 and 45.10 g respectively for the strain IWN, IWP and CP. The difference in egg weight between weeks within each strain was statistically significant. Statistical analysis of period-wise mean egg weight showed a significant difference between strains. It was significantly higher in IWN strain, lower in control population and medium in IWP strain. The weights of first ranged from 29.8 to 57.1 g in IWN strain, 29.8 to 63.2 g in IWP strain and 29.7 to 51.0 g in CP. The net gain in egg weight from 20 to 52 weeks was 20.5, 15.33 and 18.8 g for strain IWN, IWP and CP respectively. Per cent variation in weekly mean egg weight was higher in the initial period in all the strains. As compared with CP pullets, the IWN and IWP strains laid heavier eggs from 19 to 52 weeks of age. Per cent marketable eggs were higher in IWN strain, lower in control population and medium with IWP strain. Correlation between egg weight and bodyweight indicated that 20 and 40 week body weight had significant correlation with 40 week egg weight in IWN and CP strain. Weekly egg weights were significantly correlated from 28 to 52 weeks in IWN and CP while from 24 to 36 weeks in IWP strain. Twenty four week egg weight with 24 to 52 week egg number had significant correlation in IWN and CP strain but in IWP, the values were negative. Considering the overall egg weight profile in the above strains, the ideal period for the measurement of egg weight for selection purpose in IWN strain was found to be 29 to 30 weeks of age and 28 weeks of age in IWP strain.