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ThesisItem Open Access Breeding behaviour of interspecific hybrids in the genus Arachis L.(Regional Post Graduate Training Centre, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore, 1962) Gopinathan Nair, P; KAU; Ponnaiya, B W XThe investigation aims at a comparative study of two kinds of F2 populations. The first one was derived from hybrids between two tetraploid parents, namely A-hypognea and A.sp (A.354) whose genomes are homologous. The second typeof tetraploids were derived from back cross hybrids between A-hypognea and allotriploid (resulting from the cross A-hypognea X A.sp. (A.329)). A comparative morphological and cytological analysis of these F2 populations have been made. Special techniques such as Hybrid index method and Polygraphic analysis were adopted and the variability expressed in the two F2populations have been eveluated. The possible causes for the occurrence of a skewed recombination in the straight F2 population have been suggested.ThesisItem Open Access Pollination, pod set and compatibility studies in open pollinated progenies of cocoa var. Forastero(Department of Plant Breeding, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1984) Madhu, P; KAU; Kumaran, KInvestigations were carried out at the College of Horticulture Vellanikkara, Thrissur, to study the polination , pod set and compatibility aspects of open pollinated progenies of cocoa, var. Forastero. It was found that eventhough cocoa flowered thoughout the year, maximum flower production was between November and April. The flower opening was a slow process starting from 2 to 4 pm and lasting upto 2 to 4 pm on the subsequent day . Maximum stigma receptivity was found between 10 am and 12 Noon. Natural pollination was through the agency of insects. By controlled pollination there was 48 per cent increase in the pod set. Hand pollination by forceps was found to be the best method of artificial pollination. A large number of pod set was not carried to maturity due to the incidence of cherelle wilt. The loss due to Cherelle wilt ranged from 37.04 percent to 70.37 per cent. Most of the trees studied were self-incompatible , while two of them were self compatible. The self - incompatibility in the materials investigated herein could be exploited for production of hybrid pods.ThesisItem Open Access Reproductive mechanism in cardamom(Department of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1982) Venkitaraman, S; KAU; Gopinathan Nair, VThe study on the reproductive mechanism in cardamom was undertaken at the Cardamom Research Station, Pampadumpara in three popular cultivars viz., Malabar, Mysore and Vazhukka, Laboratory studies were conducted at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani. Different morphological characters of the panicle and flower, spread of flowering, time and mechanism of anthesis, pollen viability, stigma receptivity and self sterility were studied. The three cultivars were critically compared with respect to each of these charactersThesisItem Open Access Progeny studies in west coast tall coconut palms of different yield groups(Department of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1982) Bindu, M; KAU; Gopakumar, KObservations made during 1981-82, while conducting a Systematic Pedigree Progeny Analysis at the Coconut Research Station, Balaramapuram, on the coconutpalm, variety West Coast Tall, belonging to the categories of Low, Medium and High yielders, yielded valuable information so as to ensure realization of the desired effect in inducing an overall enhancementin the late stage seedling progeny performance standards. Earlier recommendations stressed the need for exercising phase protracted selection at the levels of the motherpalm population, seednuts and the seedling progeny stand in the nursery, on specified norms. The findings of this study help to develop a more reliable methodology for identifying distinctly, the vigorous from the less vigorous among the seedling progeny.ThesisItem Open Access Investigations on the effects of X-rays on Cowpea (Vigna sinensis L. SAVI.)(Division of Agricultural Botany, Agricultural Botany, Agricultural College & Research Institute, Vellayani, 1964) Ravindran Nayar, P N; KAU; Kumara Pillai, PThis thesis embodies the results of an investigation carried out to study the effect of X-rays on the common cowpea (vigna senensis). A pure variety of cowpea (African) was selected , dry and pre soaked seeds of which were treated with X-raysat the following doses: 1000, 3000, 5000, 7000, 9000, 11,000, 13,000 and 15,000 r. units. Germination, survival of plants, chlorophyll and other morphological abnormalities, growth of plants, pollen sterility, flower production, fruit set, average seeds per pod and 1000 seed weight were studied. The frequency of abnormal anaphases were studied from root tip squashes. Regression analysis was carried out for almost all obsevations to establish the relationship between doses and the different characters observed.ThesisItem Open Access Studies in some varieties and inter-racial hybrids of Oryza sativa Linn.(Faculty of Cytogenetics and Plant Breeding, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore, 1964) Karunakaran, K; KAU; Ponnaiya, B W XThe evolution in the concept of geographical rices in Oryza sativa L. The nature and extent of sterility in inter-varietal hybrids and the different explanations for the same, heterosis and its utilization of rice breeding, and pachytene analysis as amethod of karyotypic studies in the genus Oryza with special reference to the intervarietal karyotypic diversity in O.sativa have been briefly reviewed.ThesisItem Open Access Identification of prepotent motherpalms in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) variety, KOMADAN(Department of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1982) Shylaraj, K S; KAU; Gopakumar, KA systematically arranged experiment on Pedigree Progeny Analysis was conducted during 1981-82 in the premises of the College of Agriculture, Vellayani, with 40 randomnly chosen trees of the coconutpalm, type KOMADAN. The advantages of following a Triphasic Selection Schedule carried out at the levels of the motherpalm population, seednuts and the one year old seedling progeny in the nursery, and the special worth of identifying, on the basis of the information made available through the conduct of the early seedling progeny analysis, the prepotent palms, are substantiated. Accordingly, a recommendation in favour of confining for benefit, extensive seednut collection, exclusively to such palms as mentioned above, identified from among those in a chosen lot, characterized by phenotypically distinguishable overall healthy outlook, followed by exposure to a procedure of more intensively rigorousselection in the nursery, of superior seedlings is proposed.ThesisItem Open Access Seedling progeny analysis in selected cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) types(Department of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1982) Susamma, P George; KAU; Gopimony, RSeedling progeny analysis of two different types of cashew namely Kottarakara-1 and Kottarakara-27 was done by raising nursery of seednuts collected from 30 mother trees each from the two types. The experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture# Vellayani during 1981-82. Prom the analysis of data on mother tree characters it was found that the two types did not differ significantly in yield per tree. They differed in respect of canopy size. There was high variation between the individual trees in yield for both types The analysis of seednut characters revealed that the two types differed significantly in respect of weight and volume of nut and kernel. Kottarakara-27 was found to be superior to Kottarakara-1. This superiority of seednut characters of Kdttarakara-27 was reflected in the recovery of vigorous seedlings also The seednut characters showed positive significant correlation among themselves. Analysis of seedling characters revealed that Kottara- kara-1 was superior to Kottarakara-27 for seedling heightnumber of leaves and. total leaf area, but Kottarakara-27 was superior for girth at collar and length of tap root. Individual trees of both types differed significantly in the seedling characters and seedling vigour.but the three yield groups did not show any significant difference. Kottarakara-27 was found to be significantly superior to Kottarakara- 1 in the percentage of recovery of vigorous seedlings. In both the types the medium yielding group registered more recovery of vigorous seedlings There was no significant difference between the two types in the recovery of prepotent trees. Correlation studies revealed that girth of trunk and seedling vigour showed significant positive correlation in Kottarakara-1. Canopy size was positively correlated with girth of trunk. Hence these two characters can be considered as important criteria for mother tree selection. Seedling height showed significant positive correlation with most of the other seedling characters studied during the 3rd and 9th month of growth. Hence seedling height can be considered as an indication of seedling vigour.Tallest 50 per cent seedlings in the nursery can be considered as superior planting material. Based on seedling progeny analysis prepotent trees can be identified. But adult progeny analysis is essential to confirm the above results.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of super mother palms of coconut by seedling progeny analysis(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1983) Thomas Mathew; KAU; Gopimony, RSeedling progeny analysis was conducted in super mother palms of coconut (annual yield not less than 3Q0 nuts) in comparison with control mother palms (average mother palms with annual yield not less than 60 nuts). The aim was to evaluate these super palms for their prepotent ability to produce quality seedlings. The super mother palms were selected from different locations in Trivandrum and Quilon districts, and from the same locations, control mother palms were also selected. A seed lo t froi north Kerala (Badagara) collected by the State Department of Agriculture was also included. Observations were recorded on mother palms, samples on seed nuts collected from these palms, and on seedlings raised in a replicated field trial. Critical analysis of the compiled data showed super mother palms to be significantly superior to control palms In number of bunches and nuts per bunch. But the two types of mother palms failed to show significant differences in nut., and seedling characters. Among super palms, T4 showed superiority over rest of palms in mother palm, seed nut, and seedling characters. This super palm also registered the highest recovery of quality seedlings indicating its superior prepotent ability. Estimates on recovery of quality seedlings from total number of seed nuts was found to be more reliable than the recovery from total number of seedlings, as a measure of prepotency. Selection of super mother palms as prepotent trees, on the basis of nut yield alone was found to be non-viable Instead, a balance between nut size and number of nuts per bunch is sought. Significant correlations between seedling vigour index and seed nut characters (weight of unhusked nut, husked nut, and meat) led to elucidation of the linear relationships between vigour Index and seed nut characters for use as ready reckoners for improving mother palm selection programme. Significant correlations between seedling vigour index and seed nut characters (weight of unhusked nut, husked nut, and meat) led to elucidation of the linear relationships between vigour Index and seed nut characters for use as ready reckoners for improving mother palm selection programme. Studies on genetic parameters showed that a high amount of genetic factor is Involved in the expression of seed nut characters (weight of unhusked nut, husked nut, and meat) and seedling characters (germination percentage, height, girth-at-collar, number of leaves, leaf area, and age at leaf splitting) as evidenced by high GCV, heritability, coheritability and genotypic correlation values. The results obtained in this seedling progeny analysis will get absolute confirmation only on completion of an adult Progeny analysis