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Theses

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1998 - 19993
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Subject: Microbiology × Author: KAU × End date: 1999 × Start date: 1998 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Enzyme immuno assay based seromonitoring and detection of canine rabies antigen
    (Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1999) Biju, K G; KAU; Krishnan Nair, G
    In the present study an attempt was made to measure the serum neutralizing antibodies against rabies virus in the sera of both vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs, employing ELISA. A long with this special emphasis was given to compare the results of diagnostic techniques used for yaJ.i.es namely Seller's staining and IP test. Four hundred and thirty-four sera samples from dogs of different age groups were screened. Enzyme immuno assay of sera of 83 unvaccinated pups revealed that under the age group of 0-3 months 59.1 percent antibody titre of 1: 50 or above indicating the presence of maternal antibodies. Out of 116 sera samples from primarly vaccinated group only eight had antibody titre below 1:50. Among the booster vaccinated 94 sera samples tested only four samples showed antibody titre below 1:50 .. The assay revealed that during diseases the immune systems of the dogs will be suppressed. It was found that the age of first vaccination could be decided as third month. The present study revealed that primary vaccination might not produces higher antibody titres in dogs. The study showed advantages of booster vaccination over primary vaccination. All the rabies suspected cases were subjected as two diagnostic tests namely Seller's staining and IPT. Out of 20 rabies suspected cases, there were detected by demonstration of Negri bodies and four were by IPT. The present study showed plate ELISA is a sensitive method for titration of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies and IPT can be successfully used for the detection of rabies antigen in impression smears taken from hippocampus.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Comparative efficacy of different vaccines against pasteurellosis in ducks
    (Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1998) Jayakumar, P S; KAU; Jayaprakasan, V
    Two isolates of Pasteurella mul tocida from ducks viz. DP1 and DP5 isolated from ailing/dead ducks from Kuttanad area and maintained in the virulent form were used separately for the preparation of different vaccines viz., bacterin, bacterin with oil adjuvant and sonicated antigen with oil adjuvant. The biological and biochemical characters of both the isolates were compared and are in confirmity with the characters described for the species by earlier workers. Both the isolates were pathogenic to ducks and mice as all the inoculated ducks and mice were killed with in 72 h. The LDso for the DP1 isolate in one month old ducklings and six month old ducks were determined to be 23 and 32 cells respectively whereas the LDso of DP5 isolate for one month old ducklings was determined to be 17 and for adult ducks LDso was 21 cells. Immunogenic potential of different vaccines prepared using DP1 and DP5 isolate were tested in ducks by giving two doses of vaccine. The first dose was given at four weeks of age and second dose was given 80 days after the first dose. The birds were challenged with 0.1 ml of culture containing 100 LDso of fully encapsulated virulent form of bacteria at 20 days interval till 80th day and then at 90th and 120th day after the first dose of vaccine. A higher percentage of protection was conferred by oil adjuvant vaccines prepared using DP1 and DP5 isolate and sonicated antigen with oil adjuvant prepared using DP1 isolate. The serum samples were collected from vaccinated birds at regular intervals of 0 I 7 I 20 I 40 I 60 I 80 I 90 and 120 for indirect haemagglutination test and the titres obtained were ranging from 8 to 256. More evaluation and elaborated field trials are required before advocating bacterin with oil adjuvant for field use.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Plasmid profile of avian strains of Pasteurella multocida
    (Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1998) Balakrishnan, G; KAU; Mini, M
    Four isolates of P. multocida (DCl, DC2, FCl and FC2) from avian species (chicken and ducks) were subj ected to various typing methods like biotyping, antibiogram and plasmid profiling. The pathogenicity of the isolates was also ascertained in mice, rabbits chicken and ducks. By biotyping, the isolates were found to belong to two subspecies P. mul tocida subsp. mul tocida and P. mul t.oc i cie subsp. septica. All the isolates fermented xylose and none of them fermented dulcitol. Antibiogram of the isolates was carried out and they wer~ found to be resistant to furazolidone, metronidazole anC nalidixic acid. Some of the isolates are also resistant tc sulpha and trimethoprim. All the isolates were pathogenic to mice on rip injection. Duck isolates (DCl and DC2) were found to be pathogenic to rabbits killing them on fourth and fifth day respectively. The isolates DCl and DC2 were lethal to orally infected chicks within 48 h of administration and P. multocida could e reisolated from these birds. The same isolates killed the SiC injected ducks within 24 and 48 h. 11 The chicken isolates obtained from apparently healthy birds were non pathogenic to rabbits, chicks and ducks. Plasmid profiling revealed the presence of plasmids in three of the four isolates screened. One isolate was plasmid less and another isolate contained five plasmids. The molecular size of the plasmids ranged from 2.69 kb to 7.07 kb. One isolate did not contain plasmids at all. An isolate (FC2) which was not pathogenic to rabbits, chicks and ducks contained plasmids. Isolate FCl which was resistant to six antibiotics did not possess plasmids. Hence plasmids obtained in this study may not be associated with either antibiotic resistance or pathogenicity in experimental animals. A combination of two parameters such as plasmid profile and one of the typing methods, biotyping or antibiogram made it possible to differentiate the isolates. Thus, the plasmid profile analysis with anyone of the typing methods could be used as an epidemiological tool in the differentiation of P. multocida strains of avian origin.