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199219
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Subject: Horticulture × End date: 1992 × Start date: 1992 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Selection for mosaic resistance in pumkin (cucurbita moschata poir)
    (Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1992) Latha, P; KAU; Gopalkrishnan, T R
    The investigation “Selection for mosaic resistance in pumpkin (Cucurbitamoschatapoir)” was conducted at the College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur during November 1990 – April 1992. The high yielding and locally adapted variety Ambili was sown at bimonthly intervals to study the seasonal influence on mosaic incidence, vector population and yield. Incidence of yellow vein mosaic, pumpkin mosaic, bottle gourd mosaic, watermelon mosaic and cucumber mosaic were observed in crops sown during different months. Incidence of yellow vein mosaic and population of whiteflies (BemisiatabaciGenn.), the vector of yellow vein mosaic, were positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with rainfall and relative humidity. Fruit yield and contributing characters were significantly influenced by different dates of sowing and sowing in October was found to yield maximum because of the delayed incidence of mosaic. From the study of P1, P2, F1, F2 , BC1 and BC2 generations of the cross involving mosaic susceptible Ambili and resistant CM 214 (Nigerian Local), resistance to yellow vein mosaic was found to be governed by a single dominant gene and pumpkin mosaic by a single recessive gene. Silvery leaf trait was found to be dominant and governed by two genes. The study resulted in the identification of five promising selections from the segregating populations. Attempt was also made to improve the line CM 214 through selection. Improvement could be made in fruit set, seeds per fruit, hundred seed weight and seed germination. Germination percentage of CM 214 was significantly increased by removal of seed coat before sowing. Superior progenies of CM 214 were also selected for further improvement.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Standardization of postharvest processing of ginger (zingiber officinale roscoe)
    (Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1992) Ajith Kumar, K; KAU; Sreekandan Nair, G
    Investigation on standardization of post-harvest processing of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) was carried out at the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 1988 -90. Ginger rhizomes were processed to study the effect of various methods like scraping, slicing, blanching, boiling, coating and their combinations on the yield and quality of dry ginger, storage life and also on storage pests and diseases adopting CRD. In this study among the various treatments low recovery (31.6 per cent) of dry ginger was obtained for scraped ginger. The sliced rhizomes took only four days for drying. The essential oil content decreased with an increase in time. The treatments slicing and drying (T4), blanching and drying (T5), unpealed and drying (T1) scraping and drying (T3) and spliting and drying (T2) were found to be the best for longer storage. The oleoresin content also decreased with an increase in time and the treatment combinations which include boiling resulted in the maximum reduction in oleoresin content followed in the maximum reduction in oleoresin content followed by combinations of scraping and spliting. The study revealed that compared to single treatment a combination of treatments especially when boiling as a component reduced the crude fibre content. The ginger rhizomes when sliced and dried took the minimum period for drying and it resulted in the production of normal coloured product and also comparable in quality aspects. Hence slicing and drying of ginger rhizomes is an alternate method for processing of ginger.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Leaf litter addition and nutrient recycling in rubber in Vellanikkara estate
    (Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1992) Guruprasad, M K; KAU; Sreekandannair, G
    Preliminary studies on the total quantity of the leaf litter, chemical composition of leaf litter and the nutrients released through leaf litter for recycling, in an eight year old rubber plantation of Vellanikkara Estate of Kerala Agricultural University have been attempted. During the year under study, wintering started by 14th December, 1991 and continued till 2nd March, 1992, the peak being the third week of January, 1992. During annual defoliation period total leaf litter production (dry weight) was estimated to be 4112 kg/ha, the contribution of which works out to annual addition of 63.3 kg N, 2.64 kg P, 44.0 kg K, 42.32 kg Ca and 8.93 kg Mg. During wintering, there is a gradual decline in the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaves due to the shift of these nutrients to trunk. This shift was not abserved in the case of calcium and magnesium. Approximate leaf area index was also worked out and is found to be 4.26.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Cataloguing of medicinal plants in Vellanikkara rubber estate
    (Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1992) Raghavan, K K; KAU; Sreekandan Nair, G
    The investigation revealed the presence of many medicinal plants growing as undergrowths in the rubber plantation . These plants are widely used by all the sections of the population , whether directly as home remedies or in the medicament of the different indigenous systems of medicines, or indirectly in the pharmaceutical preparation of modern medicine . It can be presumed that the vast area occupied by the rubber plantation industry in our country is richly endowed with a wide variety of plants of medicinal value which represent a great national resources. Indian officially recognizes over 2500 plants as having medicinal value , and it has been estimated that over 6000 plants are used in traditional , folck and herbal medicine , represent a great national resource. Indian officially recognizes over 2500 plants as having medicinal value , and it has been estimated that over 6000 plants are used in traditional , folk, and herbel medicine , representing about 75 per cent of the medicinal needs of the country . Some of these plants are also abundant in rubber plantations. The presence of a large number of weeds having medicinal value under the shade of rubber of weeds having medicinal value under the shade of rubber plantation give influence to fact that they can be cultivated as intercrops in the plantation provided there is internal market demand and fetches a good remunerative profit . This will bring additional income to the lakhs of rubber growers from their limited unit areas. Plants like Hemidesmus indicus and Curculigo Orchioides which find a favourable growth under the dense canopy of rubber , are of much commercial importance . But the impact of cultivation of these plants on the growth and yield of rubber needs investigation . The experiments started at the Rubber Research Institute of India in this line will definitely bring out positive developments in the near future. Further about 80 per cent of the raw materials for drugs used in the Indian system of medicine and homeopathy are based on plant product s. The credibility of these systems of medicine depending available authentic raw materials in sufficient quantities. With some 46,000 licenced pharmacies manufacturing the traditional remedies of these medicinal systems, it is necessary to plan for large scale cultivation of medicinal plants and ensure that they are accurately identified , properly processed , free of adulterants and of acceptable quality . In areas where land is limiting these crops can be cultivated as intercrops can be cultivated as intercrop. More over this will be an indirect attempt for the conversation of the endangered plants of medicinal importance.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Seed dormancy in groundnut
    (Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1992) Presanna Kumari, K T; KAU; Narayanan Namboodiri, K M
    The present investigation entitled "Seed dormancy in groundnut" was undertaken in the Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 1987-1990 using the 419 genotypes received from ICRISAT, Hyderabad. The 419 genotypes possessed varying levels of dormancy at the time of harvest. Genotypes with varying degrees of dormancy were present in all the three botanical groups, viz., hypogaea, fastigiata and vulgaris. The dormancy period of genotypes ranged from 20 to 110 days. The hypogaea genotypes required longer period of rest. The nature of breakage of dormancy and the period of dormancy were found to be two independent phenomena. The factors for dormancy in groundnut were found to be residing in two distinct sites, the cotyledons and the seed coat (testa). Leaching improved the germinability of decoated seeds where as it failed to elicite germination in intact seeds. This indicates that germination inhibitors may be present in the cotyledons and testa retarded the removal of the same. Different genotypes responded differently to various presowing treatments. HgCl2 1, 1000 for five minutes was found to be the best treatment for breaking dormancy. The study of germinability of F1,F2 and F3(embryonic generation) seeds on the day of harvest indicated that dormancy was controlled by polygenes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Standardisation of softwood and epicotyl grafting in Garcinia. cambogia Desr.
    (Department of Pomology & Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1992) Nazeema, K K; KAU; Lila Mathew, K
    The investigations on standardisation of softwood and epicotyl grafting in Garcinia cambogia was carried out in the Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Trichur during the period, 1990-92. The studies revealed that seed coat removal or seed treatment with growth regulators increased the final percentage of seed germination compared to control though there was no significant difference between the treatments. Seed coat removal could enhance the seed germination remarkably. After the beginning of germination seeds with intact seed coat completed germination within seven weeks while those seeds without seed coat required only five weeks for the same. In order to obtain an early and higher germination, seed coat removal along with seed soaking with 500 ppm GA for 12 h could be adopted. This treatment registered 90.667 per cent germination. Softwood grafting on 18 months old G. cambogia rootstock was found to be the best method of vegetative propagation compared to epicotyl grafting (using G. tinctoria rootstocks) and double grafting (using different combinations
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Standardisation of explant for In vitro propagation in Dendrobium spp .
    (Department of Horticulture (Pomology, Floriculture and Landscaping) , College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1992) Lakshmi Devi, S; KAU; Rajeevan, P K
    Investigations were carried out at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory attached to All India Co-ordinated Floriculture Improvement Project (AICFIP), College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, during 1990-91 to standardise the explants for in vitro propagation in Dendrobium spp. The explants used for the study were shoot tip, axillary bud, inflorescence stalk, leaf segments and root segments. The species of ' Dendrobium used were D. fimbriatum, D. moschatum and D. nobile. For culture establishment, proliferation of shoot/callus and _in vitro rooting studies, different sources of auxins (NAA, IBA, 2,4-D) and cytokinins (BA, KIN) were used with KC, MS and/or VW media. In all the explants, surface sterilization using 0.1 per cent mercuric chloride for 10 minutes was found to be the best. The explants collected during April recorded the minimum rate of contamination and the maximum survival percentage. Axillary bud was found to be the ideal explant for enhanced release of axillary buds. For Dendrobium moschatum, MS medium with the treatment combination of NAA 1.5 ppm + BA 1.0 ppm was found to be effective in influencing early bud initiation and elongation, but for D. fimbriatum and D. nobile, VW medium containing NAA 1.5 ppm +' BA 1.0 ppm was found to be the best. When the cultures were subjected to shoot . proliferation, VW medium containing NAA 2 ppm + BA 3 ppm gave maximum number of shoots in D. fimbriatum (18.8), D. moschatum (10.8) and D. nobile (7.6). The shoots produced at this level were well elongated and healthy. The proliferation of shoots also increased when NAA 2 ppm + KIN 3 ppm were used in VW ‘medium, but the number of shoots produced was: low, compared to NAA 2 ppm + BA 3 ppm. BA was found to be more efficient than KIN for the induction of axillary shoots. Addition of CW (15%) into the basal proliferation medium increased the number of shoots in all the three species of Dendrobium. Axillary shoots produced per culture vessel increased at a mean rate of 8.3, 7.7 and 6.6 shoots per subculture in D. fimbriatum, D. moschatum and D. nobile, respectively. For in vitro rooting, MS (half strength) medium containing IBA 4 ppm was found to be the best. Addition of sucrose at 1.5 per cent and AC at 0.10 per cent enhanced the rooting' of the shoots produced in vitro . Of the various ex plants tried for somatic organogenesis (callus mediated), root segments (aerial as well as from culture) was found to be the best explant in initiating callus. In the culture establishment, swelling of the explant was observed in modified VW medium containing NAA 4 ppm + BA 1 ppm. As regards callus induction, 2,4-D at 2,0 ppm in modified VW medium was found to be better for all the explants. Maximum callusing (Cl = 240) was observed in root from culture. Efforts to induce organogenesis were not successful.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Impact of Additional Incentive Scheme for Rubber in Assam
    (Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1992) Rabi, Ram Baro; KAU; Nazeem, P A
    An attempt was made in this study to evaluate the impact of additional incentive scheme for rubber in Assam. There were four Rubber Board Regional Offices in the State and one Zonal Office at Guwahati. All the available data were collected from the above offices. In the surveyed area, the impact of various additional incentives was studied and interpreted.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Improvement of propogation efficiency of anthurium species in Vitro
    (Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1992) Sreelatha, U; KAU; Ramachandran, Nair S
    Attempts were made, to improve the propagation efficiency of Anthurium species through enhanced release of axillary buds and callus-mediated somatic organogenesis/embryogenesis, in the plant tissue culture laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 1990-92. Four species of Anthurium namely, A. andreanum, A. crystallinum, A. veitchii and A. grande were selected for the study. Shoot tips from in vitro grown seedling were used as explants for the enhanced release of axillary buds. Cent percent survival was observed in all the cytokinin treatments. The maximum number of shoots (4.50) was observed with kinetin 2.0 mg/1 as well as BA 1.0 mg/1. Treatments with kinetin was free of callus growth. In treatments with BA and 2ip, callus growth was observed at the base of the explant. Treatments with Ms inorganic salts as well as sucrose did not influence multiple shoot formation. One fourth strength of MS major rutrients with full strength of micro nutrients was ideal for multiple shoot induction. Glucose produced less number of shoots than sucrose. One percent sucrose did not influence multiple shoot induction. The longest shoot (0.95cm) was observed at 0.4 percent agar. Light was necessary for the enhancement of axillary buds. In darkness, callus growth was observed, from which many adventitious shoots were produced. Segments of leaf, petiole, spathe, spike and inflorescence stalk were used a explants for callus initiation. Combinations of 2, 4-D and BA were efficient in initiating callus. In A.andreanum, 2, 4-D 0.08 mg/1 and BA 1.0 mg/1 was ideal for callus initiation. Combination of 2, 4-D, 0.2 mg/1 and BA 1.0 mg/1 was the best for callus initiation in A. veitchii. In A. grande, the best callus initiation was observed with 2, 4-D 0.5 mg/1 and BA 1.0 mg/1. Modified MS medium with reduced salt concentrations was ideal for callus initiation in all the species. Inositol when reduced to half concentration (of the normal) influenced callus initiation. The leaf explant (with the smallest vascular bundles) among the other explants, had the highest number of cultures free of microbial contamination. Basal portions of leaf responded, better than the apical portions, to in vitro culture. Continuous darkness was necessary for callus initiation and growth. MS medium with ¼ strength major nutrients was ideal for callus multiplication. Attempts,made on callus-mediated somatic embryogenesis, were not successful. Shoot regeneration and growth of the shoots were the best in MS medium with BA 0.5 mg/1 and IAA 2.0 mg/1. No rooting treatments were required as the shoots rooted spontaneously. Plantlets survived, better than micro shoots, exvitro. The plantlets required less hardening treatments. Sand was the best potting medium for planting out. Nutrient solutions when used for the irrigation the plantlets, had a negative influence on the survival of plantlets. Treatments with VAM (Glomus constrictum and G. etunicatum) was beneficial for the survival as well as growth of the plantlets. Cytological examinations of the root tip squashes made on random number of plantlets, at planting out, showed a normal diploid chromosome count. Attempts, to correlate the biochemical properties with in vitro response, of different explants as well as species, were not successful. Based on the existing facilities of the plant tissue culture laboratory of the department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, the cost of single anthurium plantlet was worked out to be Rs.3.00/=.