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ThesisItem Open Access Quality parameters of certain pre-release cultures of rice developed at regiopnal agricultural research station,Pattambi(Department of Home Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1992) Neelofar, Illyaskutty; KAU; Prema, L“The quality parameters of certain pre – release cultures of rice developed at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS) Pattambi” were determined by assessing their nutritional composition, physical characteristics, cooking characteristic, as well as organoleptic qualities with Red Triveni as check. The effect of processing methods was also taken into consideration. The nutritional composition of pre – release rice cultures, with reference to calories, starch, protein, ash, calcium, phosphorus and iron were found to be high when compared to Red Triveni. The calorific value, and iron of the parboiled rice samples were also found to be higher. Among the physical characteristics all the pre – release rice cultures were observed to have low values for thousand grain weight and grain dimension, unlike for head rice yield and gelatinization temperature. A decrease on all the physical characteristics except thousand grain weight and head rice yield was observed in samples parboiled. Compared to Red Triveni pre – release rice cultures had obtained lower values for cooking characteristics such as optimum cooking time, elongation index, gruel loss and water uptake and higher value for elongation ratio, volume of expansion and amylose content. As a result of parboiling, optimum cooking time, and elongation ratio were found to increase and there was a decrease in elongation index, gruel loss, volume of expansion, water uptake, amylose content due to parboiling. The flour volume of all the pre – release rice cultures was comparatably high when compared to Red Triveni. Parboiled rice cultures had low flour yield when compared to raw cultures. The increase in batter yield after fermentation was more for Red Triveni when compared to the pre – release rice cultures. Acidity value for all the pre-release cultures were low when compared to Red Triveni. All the pre – release cultures were more acceptable as cooked rice (raw). Parboiling had a negative influence on cooked rice mainly because of less acceptable appearance and colour. Puttu was more acceptable for all the quality attributes in all the rice cultures including Red Triveni. Red Triveni was less acceptable because of its reddish colour. For idiappam, the quality attributes colour and appearance had obtained less score for Red Triveni, cultures 8770 and 871. Iddlimade from parboiled rice obtained lower score for the attributes colour, appearance and texture for all the cultures. Red Triveni had batter texture than all the cultures.ThesisItem Open Access Food consumption and energy expenditure pattern of agricultural labourers of Trivandrum district(Department of Home Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1992) Laisamma, Cherian; KAU; Prema, LThe study comprises the socio economic and food consumption profile of the families of agricultural labourers with specific reference to their actual food intake, energy expenditure and nutritional status. The samples surveyed were nuclear type families belonging to under previlaged communities. Family income was directly propotional to the number of persons employed in the family. As the income increased, the percentage of income spent on food decreased majority of the labourers were free from debt and were conscious of saving for future. Families surveyed were non vegetarians by habit. Rice, tapioca, fish, coconut, locally cultivated vegetables, milk, cooking oils and sugar were the main items included in their daily diets. Home production of food articles helped to improve the consumption pattern of the families qualitatively but not quantitatively. Majority of the labourers followed unscientific culinary practices in cooking and storage of food articles. Unbalanced, monotonous meal pattern was observed among the families. Compared to other stages of life, special attention for feeding were given only during infancy and preschool period. No special foods were given during adolescent period or for women during pregnancy and lactation. Irrespective of the nutritional requirements of the family members, first preference was given to the head of the family while serving food. The labourers selected were getting employment for 24 days in a month and their health status was satisfactory. Besides outside employment, female labourers were fully responsible for household works and child care practices. Compared to female labourers, unhealthy habits were prevalent more among males. Because of the outside employment of the mother growth of the children were adversely affected. Consumption of food quantitatively and availability of nutrients from the meal were not satisfactory in the two groups surveyed. The nutrients like retinol, thiamine and riboflavin were deficient in the diets of male agricultural labourers, while iron, retinol and riboflavin were deficient in the diets of female agricultural labourers. In the two groups energy expenditure was more than energy intake. Haemoglobin level was better among male labourers. The data when statistically analysed, indicated a significant correlation between height and weight and nutritional status Index (NSI) and Body Mass Index (BMI) for male labourers and BMI and weight and BMI and energy expenditure for female labourers. Significant correlation developed in the Nutritional status Index (NSI) of male agricultural labourersThesisItem Open Access Food consumption and energy expenditure pattern of self employed women in unorganised sector(Department of Home Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1990) Sujatha, A S; KAU; Prema, LA study on the “Food consumption and energy expenditure pattern of self employed women in unorganized sector” was conducted to assess the socio-economic and food consumption and energy expenditure pattern of the women engaged in stone breaking. 150 household surveyed were representing scheduled caste and other backward communities. The families were of nuclear type with four members in the family. Rice, tapioca, fish and coconut were found to be the major ingredients in their daily meal pattern. No special foods were provided during physiological conditions. On an average they engaged in stone breaking for about 8 hours / day and for 5 to 6 days in a week. Time spent for various activities viz. for personal care, child care and leisure was not adequate. The difficulties imposed on these home makers due to the dual role were improper care of the family, inability to cope with the household work and lack of time for child care. Due to economic reasons they engaged in stone breaking even during pregnancy till term and after delivery most of them took their children to the work site. Their actual food and nutrient intake was found to be unsatisfactory which was reflected in their low body weights and prevalence of many nutritional disorders especially anaemia. All the women were found to have a negative energy balance. Knowledge of these women on health and nutrition was found to be satisfactory and statistical analysis indicated that age had a negative significant correlation and education had a positive significant correlation with the knowledge of the women regarding food and health. Attitude of the women towards this occupation was found to be positive since this was considered to be a solution to the unemployment problem. Statistical treatment of the data revealed that age has a negative correlation and educational level of the women had a a significant positive correlation with the attitude of women towards this work.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of banana based supplementary food on the nutritional status of infants(Department of Home Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1992) Susan Joseph, K; KAU; Prema, LA study on “Impact of banana based supplementary food on the nutritional status of the infants” was conducted among selected fifteen infants using a supplementary food based on locally available food articles like banana, sesame, horsegram and skim milk powder in the proportion of 30:20:30:20. Prior to the experiment a survey was conducted to ascertain the feasibility of introducing such supplementary food among the rural families. The survey conducted among seventy five families selected from under previlaged section of the community revealed that they were large families with more women and children. Education level was low for these families. Diets consumed by these families were with little variety. Data on infant feeding practices revealed that infants were put on prolonged breast feeding with long interval between feeds. Type of food given to the infants were not nutritious. This indicates that there is urgency for introduction of such supplementary food. The present feeding trial was conducted for six months with fifteen infants in the experiment group. A comparison of the anthropometric measurements like heights and weights revealed a favourable trend towards the experimental group. Data on Height for age profile, and weight / height2 Head/Chest circumference ratio, Mid arm circumference/ Head circumference ratio and clinical record also indicated favourable trends in the case of infants belonging to experimental and control group. An assessment of anthropometric measurements of the infant of experimental group indicated a significant increase when compared to the control group. Hence, it can be concluded that the banana based supplementary food tried in the above feeding trial is found to be suitable one for popularising as a supplementary feed for the infant.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of integrated child developement services on the nutritional status of preschool children(Department of Home Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1990) Jaifaneesa Beegum, A; KAU; Prema, LThe present study to find out the impact of Integrated Child Development Services on the nutritional status of preschool children was conducted in Trivandrum urban project area which included four project sectors viz. Vallakadavu, Punthura, Paruthikuzhy and Veli. Comparative study was conducted among preschool children who were non- beneficiaries of Integrated child Development Services selected from the same are and socio-economic group, since such data is not available at present. Information regarding the socio-economic background and dietary habits of the families with special reference to the nutritional status of preschool children were collected through weighment, anthropometric, clinical, biochemical and growth monitoring studies. The results of the study showed that majority of the families surveyed in both experimental and control groups were of nuclear type families belonging to the under privileged section of the community, their main occupation were manual labour and fishing. Majority of the adult members in both the groups were found to be illiterates. Majority of the families subsisted below the poverty line and spent more than 60 persent of the family income on food. All the families were habitual non-vegetarians.Rice, tapioca, fish and coconut were found to be the major ingredients in their daily meal pattern. Children in both the groups were found to have unhealthy food preferences like sweets and fried foods. In the experimental group the preference given to children in serving meals may be due to the influence of nutrition education programmes implemented under Integrated Child Development Services Programmes. Results of the food weighment survey indicated that the diets of preschool children in both the groups were inadequate and unbalanced. The consumption of protective food were too low. Calorie consumption in control group of children were unsatisfactory. Since consumption of fish was high in both the groups the availability of proteins in the daily diet were above the recommended Daily Allowance. But in control group this high protein intake become inadequate in the face of calorie inadequacy as protein would be utilized for purpose of providing energy. These observations may therefore be interpreted as indicating that protein deficiency in our preschool children is conditioned to a considerable extent by low intake of calories and that primary bottleneck in the current dietaries of poor Indian Children is not protein but calories. Results of the anthropometric measurements pointed out varying degree of growth retardation in both the groups. Anaemia was the common deficiency symptoms manifested among children of these areas in both the groups. In the control group children, a high incidence of angular stomatitis and dental caries were observed. Growth monitoring for 6 months using growth charts indicated that the mean body weights of preschool children of control group was found to be more but the difference was not statistically significant. All the mothers had sufficient knowledge regarding the various components of Integrated Child Development Services except in the areas of health education and referral services. The attitude of mothers towards the programme revealed that all the mothers had negative attitude towards the method of cooking foods in the anganwadi centres and distribution of medicines for the beneficiaries. Majority of the mothers had not adopted the home production of vegetables and poultry keeping. The lacunae located in the present study as reported by the mothers were inadequate students strength in Anganwadies due to irregular management and indifference of the anganwadi worker, improper timing for supplementary feeding and immunization, lack of play space in Anganwadies, lack of referral services and nutrition and health education classes. From the present study it was clear that in the implementation of the Integrated Child Development Services Programmes all the six different components were not given equal weightage. This stresses the need for giving equal importance to all the six components, frequent visits by auxiliary Nurses and Midwives and other Medical Personnels and for proper supervision by senior field officials, so as to correct the problems located.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of small and medium town development programme of UNICEF on women and children with special reference to the nutrition status(College of Rural Home Science, Vellayani, 1987) Jayasree, M J; KAU; Prema, LA study on the impact of small and medium town development programme of UNICEF on women and children with special reference to the nutrition status was conducted at kayamkulam and Shertallay municipalities to assess the nutritional status of the beneficiaries of the programme, through diet survey, anthropometric, clinical and biochemical methods, Knowledge on health and nutrition gained and retained by the women beneficiaries and their attitude towards different programmes implemented under SMTD were also assessed. The result of the diet survey conducted in the two municipalities among 100 families each, depicted that most of the families were of nuclear type with moderate literacy level. Nearly half of the families surveyed were below poverty line in both the municipalities.ThesisItem Open Access Nutritional factors involved in the goitrogenic action of cassava(College of Rural Home Science, Vellayani, 1987) Parvathy Radhakrishnan; KAU; Prema, LThe present investigation was undertaken to assess the goitrogenic action of cassava. The study this antithyroid action of cassava hydrocyanic acid content of six varieties of cassava commonly used in Kerala were assessed. M-4 a popular variety and H-165 which contains the highest concentration of hydrocyanic acid were selected for further experiments. Under various processing methods, soaking and sundrying for four days was found to be the most effective detoxification method. Among the various food tasters tested, lime juice was found to be the most effective ingredient in reducing hydrocyanic acid content. A preliminary feeding trial was conducted for thirty days.ThesisItem Open Access Importance of oral rehydration therapy in the control of diarrhoea in the coastal areas of Trivandrum District(College of Rural Home Science, Vellayani, 1987) Gincy George; KAU; Prema, LA study on the importance of oral rehydration therapy is conducted at muslim colony located in Vizhinjam panchayat, to assess the prevalence of diarrhoea among infants and preschool children and its impact on infant mortality rate, to find out the causative factors responsible for the incidence of diarrhoea, to popularise oral rehydration solution as a preventive measure to reduce diarrhoea through various educational methods and to evaluate the education programmes conducted.ThesisItem Open Access Family education programmes implemented by the state development department for the uplift of scheduled caste habitats of Trivandrum district(Department of Home Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1986) Jesy, T C; KAU; Prema, LThe study entitled "Family education programmes implemented by the State Development Department for the uplift of scheduled caste habitats of Trivandrum district" was conducted to find out the knowledge retained by the scheduled caste women by attending the family education camps conducted by the State Development Department. The study was conducted at two levels, one at the block level and another at the participant level. Separate formats and schedules were prepared for this purpose and the data were collected at the block level by verification of records and at the participant level by interview method.
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