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ThesisItem Open Access Impact of small and medium town development programme of UNICEF on women and children with special reference to the nutrition status(College of Rural Home Science, Vellayani, 1987) Jayasree, M J; KAU; Prema, LA study on the impact of small and medium town development programme of UNICEF on women and children with special reference to the nutrition status was conducted at kayamkulam and Shertallay municipalities to assess the nutritional status of the beneficiaries of the programme, through diet survey, anthropometric, clinical and biochemical methods, Knowledge on health and nutrition gained and retained by the women beneficiaries and their attitude towards different programmes implemented under SMTD were also assessed. The result of the diet survey conducted in the two municipalities among 100 families each, depicted that most of the families were of nuclear type with moderate literacy level. Nearly half of the families surveyed were below poverty line in both the municipalities.ThesisItem Open Access Nutritional factors involved in the goitrogenic action of cassava(College of Rural Home Science, Vellayani, 1987) Parvathy Radhakrishnan; KAU; Prema, LThe present investigation was undertaken to assess the goitrogenic action of cassava. The study this antithyroid action of cassava hydrocyanic acid content of six varieties of cassava commonly used in Kerala were assessed. M-4 a popular variety and H-165 which contains the highest concentration of hydrocyanic acid were selected for further experiments. Under various processing methods, soaking and sundrying for four days was found to be the most effective detoxification method. Among the various food tasters tested, lime juice was found to be the most effective ingredient in reducing hydrocyanic acid content. A preliminary feeding trial was conducted for thirty days.ThesisItem Open Access Importance of oral rehydration therapy in the control of diarrhoea in the coastal areas of Trivandrum District(College of Rural Home Science, Vellayani, 1987) Gincy George; KAU; Prema, LA study on the importance of oral rehydration therapy is conducted at muslim colony located in Vizhinjam panchayat, to assess the prevalence of diarrhoea among infants and preschool children and its impact on infant mortality rate, to find out the causative factors responsible for the incidence of diarrhoea, to popularise oral rehydration solution as a preventive measure to reduce diarrhoea through various educational methods and to evaluate the education programmes conducted.ThesisItem Open Access Family education programmes implemented by the state development department for the uplift of scheduled caste habitats of Trivandrum district(Department of Home Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1986) Jesy, T C; KAU; Prema, LThe study entitled "Family education programmes implemented by the State Development Department for the uplift of scheduled caste habitats of Trivandrum district" was conducted to find out the knowledge retained by the scheduled caste women by attending the family education camps conducted by the State Development Department. The study was conducted at two levels, one at the block level and another at the participant level. Separate formats and schedules were prepared for this purpose and the data were collected at the block level by verification of records and at the participant level by interview method.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of a campaign on better infant feeding practices conducted at Kayamkulam and Sherthala Municipalities(Department of Home Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1984) Jaifanisa Beegum, A; KAU; Prema, LA campaign on better infant feeding practices was conducted at Kayamkulam and Sherthala with the main objectives; to encourage the women who are already breast feeding, by imparting scientific information on the practice to discourage artificial feeding;to impart knowledge about the introduction of complementary foods at the correct time even when breast feeding is continued and to train the personnel of the SMTD Project, school teachers etc. so that the trained personnel in turn may continue to disseminate knowledge on better infant feeding practices including breast feeding to others who have not had the benefit of attending such programmes.ThesisItem Open Access Quality parameters of popular rice varieties(Department Of Home Science, College Of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1989) Sreedevi, A; KAU; Prema, LA study was conducted on the “Quality parameters of popular rice varieties”. The study was based on the assessment of the nutritional composition, physical characteristics, cooking characteristics and organoleptic qualities as influenced by different processing methods. The effect of different cooking methods on the nutritional composition was also assessed. The results of the analysis showed that all the nutrients studied were found to be higher in the high yielding rice varieties evolved by KAU when compared to the local varieties studied. Among the nutrients analysed the calorific value, iron content and ash content were found to be increased as a result of parboiling , while all other nutrients experienced a loss. Protein, calcium and iron were experiencing an increase as a result of puffing. The physical characteristics studied showed that the local varieties were having a higher value for thousand grain weight and moisture content, while the grain dimensions, head rice yield and gelatinization temperature were found to be higher in the high yielding varieties evolved by KAU. As a result of parboiling all the physical characteristics except moisture content and grain dimension ratio were found to be increased. The cooking characteristics studied revealed that there was not much difference in the optimum cooking time, water uptake, volume of expansion and total amylose between the local as well as evolved varieties. But the elongation ratio and elongation index was found to be higher in the high yielding varieties of rice evolved by KAU. A decrease in all the cooking characteristics except optimum cooking time and elongation index was observed as a result of parboiling. The organoleptic qualities of the different rice varieties showed a marked preference for the local varieties in all the six quality attributes studied. Among the six quality attributes, appearance flavor and taste were found to obtain a higher mean score as a result of parboiling. The results of the effect of different methods of cooking on the nutritional composition showed that all the nutrients studied were experiencing a loss when boiled and retained more when roasted. The protein, calcium and phosphorus contents were found to be decreased as result of parboiling after cooking, while the iron content was increased. Roasting and frying in a cast iron pan was found to increase the iron content. In general the high yielding varieties of rice evolved by KAU were found to contain higher amounts of all the nutrients studied when compared to the local varieties after cooking. The results of correlation analysis revealed that the nutritional composition of rice varieties were not determined by the physical characteristics of the grains. The nutritional composition did not influence the cooking quality either. The physical characteristics of rice grains were found to have profound influence on the cooking quality of rice. Most of the cooking qualities studied were inter related. The ultimate acceptability of a rice variety after it was cooked, was not influenced by neither the physical features nor the cooking qualities. The results of the study enables one to conclude that the high yielding rice varieties evolved by KAU when compared to local varieties have better nutritional composition , though to taste panels on the basis of organoleptic qualities local varieties were more preferred. Cooking qualities and physical characteristics were also on the advantageous side for the evolved varieties.ThesisItem Open Access Nutritional profile of Amaranthus as influenced by post harvest handling(Department Of Home Science, College Of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1989) Jijiamma, N C; KAU; Prema, LA Study was undertaken to estimate the nutritional composition and organoleptic qualities of red and green varieties of Amaranthus tricolor, during rainy and summer season, with respect to the post harvest handling methods and maturity levels of the plant. The leaves were analysed for protein, fiber calcium, iron and ascorbic acid contents. The results showed that, concentration of the nutrients was highest in the two varieties of amaranthus when harvested around 20 days after transplanting. Of the two varieties studied, the green variety was ranked higher in the concentration of various nutrients during the two seasons. Quality of the amaranthus leaves grown during summer season was better except for ascorbic acid. Leaves collected from the middle portion of the plant of both the varieties had higher nutrient concentration than the leaves from tip and base portions. Storage of leaves for different duration was found not to affect the nutrient content except ascorbic acid. Among the different methods of storage, refrigerator was found to be better when compared to other methods. Loss of nutrients during cooking was found to be lesser during steaming while it was higher in the leaves cooked by boiling in respect of ascorbic acid. Different types of vessels had no influence in altering the nutrient content of the leaves from two varieties of amaranthus during the two seasons. However, the iron content of the two varieties of amaranthus was found to be increased when cooked in cast iron pan. Loss of ascorbic acid was found to be significantly higher when cooked in copper and iron vessels. Results of the acceptability tests indicated that red amaranthus was found to be more acceptable than green amaranthus. The acceptability was more in the leaves grown during summer season. Leaves collected from the middle and top portion of the plant were found to be more acceptable than leaves from the base portion. Among the different storage methods tried during the two seasons, leaves stored in refrigerator were found to have a better acceptability. The acceptability of the leaves decreased as the storage period increased. An analysis of the acceptability of the leaves cooked under different methods indicated that boiling in water was the most acceptable and aluminium and steel vessels were found more suitable for retaining the qualities of the leaves.ThesisItem Open Access Developing indegenous weaning food based on banana flour(Department of Home Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1988) Sheela, Prasad; KAU; Prema, LA study was conducted to develop a weaning food based on banana flour which is nutritious, low cost and acceptable. The Banana flour was supplemented with horsegram, sesame and skim milk powder to improve the nutritive value. Based on the nutritive value and chemical score, six combinations of the weaning formulae were developed. Protein quality of the weaning formulae assessed through animal experimental revealed that the weaning food which contains banana flour, horsegram , sesame and skim milk powder in the ratio 3:2:3:2 gave significantly better values for all the criteria. The acceptability of the weaning formulae was assessed by the panel members, mothers and children. The results of the study indicate that the bland porridge prepared with the weaning formulae was acceptable. The bland porridge was deficient in calories, Vitamin A and iron. Other food ingredients were added to make up these deficiencies and two recipes were standardized. The recipes were also found to be acceptable for the panel members and children.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of birth order and spacing on the nutritional status of mother and child(Department of Home Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1989) Suja P, Thomas; KAU; Prema, LA study of the effect of birth order and spacing on the nutritional status of mother and child was conducted among the agricultural labourers working in the instructional farm, vellayani and also among other agricultural labourers working near the Vellayani Campus. Living conditions of the families with less members were far better when compared to large families. As the family size increased the expenditure on various items decreased. There was an inverse relationship between education of the mother and number of deliveries. With increased educational status of parents the rate of adoption of family planning measure was also found to be increased. Regarding the mortality rates of children with respect to birth order and birth spacing the results showed that infant and neonatal mortality, still births and abortions were more in children with a birth interval below one year and these were more in first birth order children. Incidence of infectious diseases like measles, respiratory disease, diarrhoea, dysentery, cough, chicken pox, jaundice etc. were found to be more among closely spaced children. Rice, fish, tapioca and coconut were the main items in their daily diet and they purchased these food articles daily since they were daily wage earners. No special foods were given to physiologically vulnerable groups. Majority of the mothers breast fed for a period of 1 to 2 years and early weaning was observed due to subsequent pregnancy. Prolonged breast feeding was observed in children with more birth spacing. All types of food groups were included in the daily diets of mothers and children of small families but only in insufficient quantities . Nutrient consumption was also higher in the members of small families when compared to large sized families. There was a positive correlation between birth spacing and nutritional status of children and a negative correlation between nutritional status and birth order. In the case of mothers, as the birth spacing increased body weight was also found to increase significantly. The body weight was found to be decreasing in mothers with more number of deliveries. Deficiency symptoms were found to be more in mothers with closely spaced children and with more member of deliveries. Similarly the manifestation of deficiency symptoms were more among closely spaced children and also among high birth order children. Prevalence of anaemia in mothers and children was also high when birth interval decreased and also when the number of deliveries of the mothers and birth order of the children increased.