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ThesisItem Open Access Performance of clonal progenies from different yield groups and in relation to size of suckers in rainfed banana musa (AAB Group) palayankodan(Department of Pomology & Floriculture and Landscaping, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1983) Prasanna, K P; KAU; Aravindakshan, NTae p resen t in v e s tig a tio n m e se r r ied c a t in the S ep erteen t e f Penology, C o lleg e e f iia r tie u ltu r e , V sllen lk ifsre from 1981 te 19<»2. The study wee aimed a t fin d in g ou t the e f f e e t e f suekare fr e e d iffe r e n t y ie ld group* end th e ir e is e en growth, d u r a tio n y ie ld end q u a lity e f f r u i t s . th e fe a r parental y ie ld groups fr e e which suckers were eeed were 5 te 7 hg9 d to 10 kg, 11 te 13 kg and 14 t e 16 k g . The e ls e e f seek ers need in the study wee 1 te 1*3 kg, 2 te 2 .5 kg end 3 te 3*5 k g . th e t r ia l wee la id s e t a s m f e e tor in i experiment in randomised bloc* d esign with twelve tr e e teen te end f iv e r e p lic a tio n s . • Seekers fr e e d iffe r e n t y ie ld groups had no e f f e e t en the morphological charactera , hut th e e ls e e f se ek ers in flu enced the a o rp h elo g lea l eh ereeta rs during the v e g e ta tiv e phase. Toward* sh e e tin g t in e , th ese differences were le v e lle d o f f . The duration e f the erep wee s ig n if ic a n t ly redueed whan the sueksr used wee larger* Meiinua duration wee t aken fey plant* rein ed fr e e euokere weighing 1 te 1 .5 k g. Y ield a ttr ib u te s v is * 9 w eight e f bunch, len g th e f buneh9 nusber e f hands per buneh9 w eight e f hend9 number e f fin g e r s per bunch, and len g th , g ir th end w eight e f fin g e r were s e t in flu en ced by the treatment*. traatsante a loo n*& m t f fM l oa toe f r u i t quality UuffMUn like to ta l aoluOla M i l l * , a c id ity , to ta l sugar, radualng sugar, noxwaduoifig auger and augur/acid ra tio *ThesisItem Open Access Effect of shade on growth and fruiting in pineapple(Department of Pomology & Floriculture and Landscaping, College of Horticulture,Vellanikara, 1987) Radha, T; KAU; Aravindakshan, MThe present investigations were carried out in the College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University during the years 1976-1979. The object of the study was to find out the effects of shading on the growth, flowering and fruiting behaviour of pineapple variety ‘kew’. The treatments consisted of four levels of shade viz., 0, 25, 50 and 75 per cent. Shading was provided by coconut leaves on erected pandals over the plants and the intensity adjusted by using an ;Aplab’ lux meter periodically. The number of leaves produced per plant was not influenced by shading. In fact the leaf area was found to increase especially at the later stages of growth under shade. Dry matter accumulation in the leaves also was not reduced considerably in shade indicating the capacity of pineapple to tolerate shade. Early, uniform and increased flowering was noticed in plants grown under shade. Percentage of flowering was maximum at 50 per cent shade which probably indicated that the shade tolerance limit of pineapple is upto 50 per cent. Ethral was found to exhibit an inhibitory effect on flowering in the case of plants grown under shade above 25 per cent intensity. Crown growth of fruits was greatly enhanced by shade treatments and therefore the contribution of crown weight to the total fruit weight was higher in the shaded plants. Fruit weight with crown was comparable in shade and in open. Developmental pattern of fruits was not found to be influenced by shade treatments. Quality of the fruits in general, was decreased by shading. The acidity increased with shade intensity while the sugar and ascorbic acid contents decreased. Nitrogen content of leaves increased by shading, during the later stages of growth. The shaded leaves also possessed higher magnesium and lower calcium contents at all stages of estimation. Chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’ and total contents of leaves increased as the intensity of shade increased. Destruction of chlorophyll in the leaves in the open as evidenced by the yellowish appearance of leaves was not noticed under shade. Number of suckers produced per plant was not considerably affected by shading. Suckers produced by shaded plants were more vigorous than those produced by shaded plants were more vigorous than those produced by plants grown in the open.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of pre and post -harvest treatments on storage and quality of banana cv. Nendran(Department of Horticulture (Pomology & Floriculture and Landscaping), College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1981) Aravindakshan, K; KAU; Sivaraman Nair, P CThe present investigations were carried out in the College of Horticulture, during the year 1978-1980. The objectives were to study (i) the growth and development of banana fingers cv. Nendran and to fix optimum tine for harvest (ii) the effect of pre-harvest sprays of growth regulators on post harvest quality of the fruits (iii) the effect of different storage methods on prolonging the shelf life and (iv) to assess the efficacy of different fungicidal treatments on controlling anthraonose disease of ripened fruits. Fruit growth in rainfed ‘Nendran’ was found to be a continueous process till it reaches maximum maturity at 90 days after shooting. The length, girth, volume and weight of fingers continued to increase rapidly during early stages of growth, accounting for 90 per cent of growth by 60 days after shooting. The accumulation of dry matter and the starch took place at increasing rates during the first two month of fruit growth resulting an increase in specific gravity from 0.36 at shooting to more than one after 70 days of shooting and pulp to peel ratio from 0.32 to 1.50 on 70th day. The study showed that rainfed ‘Nandran’ can be harvested from 70 days after shooting without impairing the quality but with light reduction in quantity. The growth regulators if applied as pre-harvest sprays on 60th day after shooting increases size, weight and quality of the fruits; the maximum Increase in size and weight was resulted by the application of 2, 4-D at 10 ppm. The quality was improved by way of increased TSS, total and reducing sugars by treatments of ethrel 400 ppm, NAA 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 2, 4-D at 4 ppm and 10 ppm. Improvement in quality followed by growth regulator application was more evident in ease of 70th day harvest than the harvest at full maturity. The comparative study of different storage methods have revealed that, the polythene bag with potassium permanganate increases the storage life by 10 days, polythene bag alone by 6 days as compared to smoke treatment and open storage. Eventhough the fruits in polythene bag with and without KMnO4 showed a reduction on TSS, total and reducing sugar content, the appearanoe of the fruits were much better than that of smoked fruits and open stored fruites and the eating quality were also good. The study on the Incidence of anthracnoae disease In the storage showed that all the fungicides used at both concentration viz. anthracol at 0.05% and 0.1 % Bavistin 500 ppm and 1000 ppm; Thiride 0.1% and 0.2%| were equally effective In reducing the black spot development on ripened fruits. Though few spots were present In spite of the treatments, the quality and colour were not effected. Among the storage conditions. Polythene bag + KMnO4 showed least lncidence of the spots while It was maximum In case of smoke treatment.ThesisItem Open Access Varietal responses of scion to stone grafting in mango for commercial propagation(Department of Pomology and Floriculture and Landscaping, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1987) Radhamony, P S; KAU; Gopikumar, KThe present series of studies were carried out in the Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during the period from May 1985 to December 1986 with the objective of studying the response of varieties of scion shoots with verying lengths for stone grafting in mango. Scion shoots of three different lengths viz., 6 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm collected from six vatieties of mango viz., Mulgoa, Priur, Banganappally, Mundappa, Banglore and Alphonso were used for grafting operation. Detailed anatomical studies of graft union of all the selected varieties were also conducted to find out the various stages of graft union and the possible reasons for graft failures. The results of the experiment on the response of varieties and length of scion indicated highest percentage of sprouting for the variety Benganappally with scion of lengths 8 cm and 10 cm and for Priur with scion of length 8 cm, while sprouting was poor for the variety Alphonso with scion of lengths 8 cm and 10 cm. The variety Priur recorded maximum survival with the scion of length 8 cm while the variety Mulgoa with the scion of length 6 cm recorded least survival. The experiment to find out the effect of varieties and length of scion on growth parameters revealed that the variety Mulgoa recorded maximum mean growth followed by the variety Banganappally up to 4th fortnight and that growth of scion was not influenced significantly by different lengths of scion used for grafting. The varieties had significant effect on girth of rootstock only during the initial stages of growth while girth of scion was influenced by varieties throughout the period of observations. With regard to these parameters there was no significant difference between scions of lengths 6 cm, 8 cm, and 10 cm. The maximum and minimum leaf production was noticed respectively for the varieties Banganappally and Banglora particularly during initial stages of growth. However, the use of scions with varying lengths did not reveal any significant difference with regard to this parameter. Anatomical studies of the successful grafts revealed four district stages in the healing process of graft union. Cambial bridge across the union was established 45 days after grafting and the union was completed three months after the grafting operation. In the unsuccessful grafts there was no callus formation even after 5 to 10 days of grafting. Very thick necrotic layers were to have developed in the wounded exposed surfaces of stock and scion. Irregular cut surface, wide gap between stock and scion and slow differentiation of callus were also observed. Moreover, some of the unsuccessful grafts initiated callus production only from stock side.