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1981 - 19852
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Subject: Dairy Science × End date: 1986 × Start date: 1981 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bacteriological quality of goat milk
    (Department of Dairy Science, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1985) Chakhesang, Kevesiei; KAU; Sukumaran, M V
    A total of 376 aseptically – drawn milk and 46 farm pooled milk samples were collected from the AICRP on Goats for Milk, Mannuthy and subjected to various tests to determine the bacteriological quality. An increase of over 59 and 188 – fold in bacterial number from aseptically – drawn milk to production – and milk for the morning and the evening milkings respectively was noticed. In aseptically – drawn milk samples 61.17% and 64.83% gave a SPC of below 100/ml in the morning and evening respectively. In farm pooled milk samples the SPC exceeded 105/ml in 39.13% of the morning and 65.22% of the evening samples. No psychrophilic bacteria was detected in any of the aseptically – drawn or farm pooled milk samples. The mean thermophilic counts of aseptically – drawn as well as farm pooled milk samples was less than one/ml. Though the mean coliform count of aseptically – drawn milk was found to be less than one/ml, the farm pooled milk samples showed 3,413 and 2734/ml for the morning and the evening samples respectively. The mean MBRT of the morning and the evening samples was 14.91 and 8.93 h for aseptically – drawn milk and 4.57 and 3.83 h for farm pooled milk samples respectively. The correlation coefficient between MBR time and SPC of farm pooled milk of the morning and evening samples was not significant (- 0.21 and - 0.27). The keeping quality of the morning and the evening milk samples (280 C) obtained was respectively 50.48 and 44.70 h for aseptically – drawn milk and 12.87 and 12.04 h for farm pooled milk samples respectively. The correlation coefficient between SPC and keeping quality of farm pooled milk samples was significant (- 0.46) for morning sample while that of evening milk was not significant (+ 0.28). The correlation coefficient between MBRT and keeping quality of farm pooled milk samples was also not significant in both the morning and the evening (+ 0.31 and + 0.13).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Properties of milk fat of crossbred goats
    (Department of Dairy Science, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy, 1981) Baby George, KAU; Subrahmanyam, M
    An investigation was carried out to determine some of the physical and chemical properties of the milk fat of crossbred goats viz. Alpine x Malabari and Saanen x Malabari. A total of 183 milk samples were collected from six each of the two different crossbred goats and out of this 65 samples were used for determination of the size of the milk fat globules. The various fat constants were determined by analyse of ghee prepared by direct heating of cream separated out from the collected milk samples. The average size of the milk fat globule of Alpine x Malabari and Saanen x Malabari was 2.556+ 0.110 and 2.702 + 0.038 microns respectively. The average value obtained for the melting point of Alpine and Saanen crossbred goats’ milk fat was 31.07 + 0.160 C and 31.36 + 0.130 C respectively. The Alpine crossbred goats’ milk fat gave a refractive index of 1.4568 + 0.0001 and an iodine number of 24.95 + 0.28, whereas the corresponding values obtained for the milk fat of Saanen x Malabari goats were 1.4569 + 0.0001 and 25.09 + 0.35. The Reichert-Meisal(RM) number and polensite value obtained for the milk fat or Alpine x Malabari goats were 28.14 + 0.18 and 3.52 + 0.15 respectively. The corresponding values for the Saanen crossbred goats’ milk fat were 28.61 + 0.15 and 3.64 + 0.12 respectively. The Alpine x Malabari and Saanen x Malabari goat milk fat gave an average saponification value of 235.1 + 0.7 and 234.6 + 1.1 respectively. On statistical analysis of the data it has been found that there was no significant difference between the size of the fat soluble and the various other physical and chemical constituents of milk fat of the two groups of crossbred goats. Towards the end of the lactation highly significant increased was noticed in the melting point, refractive index, iodine number, Reichert-Meisal number and polensite value and decrease in the size of the milk fat globule and saponification value of the milk fat of both the Alpine x Malabari and Saanen x Malabari goats.