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1989 - 198911990 - 19941
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Subject: Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence × End date: 1995 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Metabolic profile of downer cow syndrome
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy, 1994) Mhachuvino Catherine, Khatsu; KAU; Alikutty, K M
    The metabolic profile of ‘Downer Cow’ syndrome in field conditions was studied. Fourteen field cases of ‘Downers’ in crossbred dairy cows aged three to thirteen years, ranging from 250 to 300 kg body weight from Trichur district were selected at random and utilized for the study. Fourteen apparently healthy crossbred dairy cows of similar age group and body weight, maintained under similar conditions of feeding and management from the area from which the clinical cases studied were also selected at random and utilized as the healthy controls. Samples of blood for haematological and biochemical parameters, urine and dung from both healthy and diseased animals were collected and analysed using standard methods. Analyses of the data from fourteen diseased animals indicated a higher incidence in Jersey crossbred cows during summer season. Prominent clinical signs were sternal recumbency exhibiting hindquarter weakness and reduced feed and water intake. However, the affected animals remained bright and alert with no evidence of any systemic disturbances. The clinical data were within physiological limit. Highly significant increase in PCV and significant increase in Hb but no significant difference in ESR, RBC and WBC were observed. Lymphopenia, neutrophilia and eosinopenia were observed with no variation in basophils and monocytes counts. Biochemically, hypocalcaemia,hypophosphataemia, hypoproteinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia were obtained from ‘Downers’ with no significant variation in blood glucose, urea nitrogen, sodium, potassium, magnesium and albumin/globulin ratio. Urinalysis revealed no consistent result indicative of any systemic involvement and no parasitism on dung examination microscopically.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Experimental selenosis in cattle
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy, 1989) Jayakumar, K M; KAU; Aleyas, N M
    Experimental studies were conducted on six calves keeping two as control by oral administration of sodium selenite at the rate of 1.0 mg/kg body weight thrice a week over a period of 24 weeks. Visible signs of toxicity were noticed only from week 13 onwards in experimental animals. The clinical toxicologic signs recorded were anorexia, cachexia, incoordination of gait, increased pulse and respiratory rates, pale and watery mucous membrane, subnormal temperature, cold and clammy skin, lacrimation and respiratory distress followed by recumbency and death. Laboratory evaluation of plasma protein, plasma vitamin A, haemoglobin (Hb), volume of packed red cells (VPRC), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte count (TLC) and ascorbic acid level in the blood were carried out at weekely intervals. Since visible signs of toxicity were observed from week 13 onwards, the parameters studied were divided into 2 sets; Ist to 12the weeks (first half) and 13th to 24th weeks (second half) for statistical evaluation of data. In experimental animals, significant reduction was observed only in respect of plasma vitamin A (P < 0.01), ascorbic acid level in blood (P < 0.01) and TEC (P < 0.05) during the first half, whereas all the parameters studied showed significant fall (P < 0.01) in the second half. The mean values of plasma protein, plasma vitamin A, haemoglobin, VPRC, TEC, TLC and ascorbic acid level in the blood in experimental animals were 7.53 + 0.09 g/dl, 30.07 + 0.59 µg/dl, 10.28 + 0.11 g/dl. 29.68 + 0.34 %, 5.16 + 0.4 mill.,/cmm, 7243.06 + 66.2 cells/cmm and 223.12 + 3.46 µg/dl respectively. The corresponding values in the control group were 7.77 + 0.07 g/dl, 32.29 + 0.48 µg/dl, 10.08 + 0.06 g/dl, 30.58 + 0.38 %, 5.42 + 0.09 mill./cmm, 7000 + 168.52 cells/ cmm and 274.38 + 1.41 µg/dl. During the second half, the mean values of the above parameters in experimental group were 6.30 + 0.13 g/dl, 22.56 + 0.38 µg/dl, 8.31 + 0.16 g/dl, 25.09 + 0.49%, 4.82 + 0.03 mill./cmm, 5905.62 + 94.14 cells/cmm and 162.32 + 4.8 µg/dl and in the control group were 7.29 + 0.04 g/dl, 32.29 + 0.48 µg/dl, 10.43 + 0.09 g/dl, 31.08 + 0.54 %, 5.58 + 0.09 mill./cmm and 7066.69 + 124.67 cells/cmm and 275.21 + 1.17 µg/dl. The gross and microscopic pathology of internal organs in experimental animals revealed that liver is the primary organ affected followed by kidneys, heart, gastrointestinal tract and brain. The pathological lesions noticed in the liver were focal haemorrhages, fatty degeneration, centrilobular necrosis and varying degree of fragmention of hepatic cells with congestion and dialatation of capillaries. The lesions in the kidney were focal areas of degeneration, medullary haemorrhages, tubular necrosis, cloudy swelling and fatty changes. Varying degree of degeneration, necrosis and lymphocytic infiltration and replacement fibrosis were observed in the cardiac muscle. Changes noticed in the gastrointestinal tract were oedema, focal areas of haemorrhage and necrosis of the mucosal and submucosal layers.