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20101
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Subject: Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence × Author: Ashwin Jayarajan × Start date: 1996 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in anaemia of dogs
    (Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2010) Ashwin Jayarajan; KAU; Ajithkumar, S
    The study ‘Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in anaemia of dogs’ was conducted in 22 dogs with clinical signs suggestive of anaemia. Haemolytic anaemia recorded the highest incidence rate of 54.54 per cent followed by anaemia associated with chronic disease (22.72 per cent), chronic blood loss anaemia (13.63 per cent) and acute blood loss anaemia and anaemia secondary to renal disease (4.5 per cent). All the animals were subjected to detailed clinical examination and all parameters under study such as signalment, history, physical examination, haematology, serum biochemistry, adoption of suitable therapy including blood transfusion and treatment response were carried out. The data obtained were analyzed statistically. Clinical manifestations of anaemia included pallor of visible mucous membranes, tachycardia, rapid, strong and bounding pulses and exaggerated respiration with tachypnoea. Anorexia, lethargy, exercise intolerance and weakness were also reported. Clinical pathology revealed significant reduction of volume of packed red cells, haemoglobin and total erythrocyte counts. The erythrocyte indices varied depending on the type of anaemia. A high MCV was recorded which correlated with increased reticulocytosis. Leucocyte counts were significantly increased in case of haemolytic anaemia and in anaemia associated with chronic diseases. Thrombocyte counts were decreased in all groups with severe decrease in case of haemolytic anaemia due to haemoparasites. Serum total protein and serum albumin were decreased in cases of haemoabdomen and chronic renal failure. The cases of haemoparasitic infection were associated with hyperglobulinemia. A complementary decrease in AG ratio was also observed in affected groups. Serum bilirubin increased in cases of haemolytic anaemia and liver dysfunction. Oxytetracycline parenterally followed by oral dosing of doxycycline was used in cases of ehrlichiosis, mycoplasmosis and some cases of microfilariosis. Diminazene aceturate was used in case of babesiosis. Cases of trypanosomosis were treated with isometamidium chloride and ivermectin was used to treat microfilariosis as well as ectoparasitism. Flea infestation was additionally treated with fipronil. Fenbendazole was used to treat ancylostomiasis. Apart from the specific therapy, supportive therapy was adopted in appropriate cases, which included intravenous fluids, oral and parenteral haematinics and vitamin supplements. Intra muscular injections of iron dextran were found to be effective and good clinical response was obtained. Animals which were given blood transfusion showed remarkable clinical improvement. There were significant increases in the volume of packed red cells, haemoglobin and total erythrocyte counts as well as serum albumin as compared to the animals which did not undergo blood transfusion. However few deaths were recorded which was considered to be due to the severity of infection as evident from the drastically decreased haematological parameters.