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Subject: Animal Reproduction and Gynecology × End date: 2008 × Start date: 2008 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of gonadotropin releasing hormone and prostaglandin for improving reproductive efficiency in goats
    (Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2008) Julliet; KAU; Joseph, Mathew
    With the objective of studying the effect of GnRH and prostaglandin for improving reproductive efficiency in goats the study was carried out at University Sheep and Goat Farm, Mannuthy using 42 cycling goats. Based on the behavioural and physiological changes associated with oestrum the goats were divided into two groups viz., Group I and Group II. Group I animals were those that exhibited pronounced oestrus signs and were divided into two subgroups namely Group IA and Group IB. Group II animals were those that exhibited weak oestrus signs and were divided into three subgroups namely Group IIA, IIB and IIC. Group IA animals were administered 0.0042 mg Buserelin (1 ml Receptal) a potent GnRH analogue on day 0, and Group IB served as the Control. Blood was collected prior to GnRH administration and breeding from all does. The mean duration of oestrum in Group IA and IB was 19.33 ± 0.45 and 33 ± 0.58 h respectively. The conception rate in Group IA and IB was 50 per cent and 66.66 per cent respectively. The serum P4 level on day 0 in does in Group IA and IB was 0.43 ± 0.05 ng/ml and 0.40 ± 0.05 ng/ml respectively. Group IIA and Group IIB does were treated as per the CO-Synch protocol (i/m inj. of 0.0042 mg of Buserelin (1 ml Receptal) on day 0, 125 µg cloprostenol (0.5 ml clostenol) on day 7; 0.0042 mg of Buserelin and mating on day 9) and prostaglandin protocol respectively (two intramuscular injections of 125 µg cloprostenol (0.5 ml clostenol) 11 days apart followed by mating at 72 and 96 h), while Group IIC served as the control. The oestrus response, oestrus onset interval, duration of oestrum and conception rate in Group IIA was 90.9 per cent, 47.6 ± 0.45 h, 24.5 ± 0.63 h and 40 per cent respectively. The oestrus intensity score of induced oestrus ranged from 0 to 13. The serum P4 level in pregnant and non pregnant does was not significantly different on days 0, 7 and 9 (P>0.05). The oestrus response, oestrus onset interval, duration of oestrum and conception rate in Group IIB was 81.8 per cent, 54 ± 1.006 h, 39.77 ± 1.54 h and 66.66 per cent respectively. The oestrus intensity scores in induced oestrus ranged from 0 to 13. The serum progesterone level in does that became pregnant and those that were non pregnant were not significantly different on day 0, 11, and at 72 and 96 h. In Group II C the duration of oestrum and pregnancy rates was 40 ± 0.91 h and 33.33 per cent respectively. Pregnancy diagnosis was done at three months of gestation by abdominal palpation and the accuracy of the method was 90.9 per cent. Mean gestation length was 146.03 ± 0.76 days. Litter size at birth in Group IA, IB, IIA, IIB and IIC was 2, 2, 2, 1.83 and 2 respectively. Average birth weight of kids was 2.35 ± 0.164 kg and the mean birthweight of male and female kid was 2.42 ± 0.98 kg and 2.28 ± 0.36 kg respectively. Thus from the present study, it can be concluded that :- 1. Administration of GnRH on the day of oestrum in animals exhibiting pronounced oestrus signs failed to improve conception rate when compared to the control. 2. In animals exhibiting weak oestrus signs both CO-Synch and double prostaglandin protocols resulted in higher conception rate when compared to control group. 3. The double prostaglandin protocol was found to be more efficient in improving conception rate in animals exhibiting weak oestrus signs.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Preservability of bovine preantral follicles in situ
    (Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2008) Harinarayanan, P M; KAU; Vijayakumaran, V
    The study was designed and conducted with the objectives of assessing: (1) efficiency of two different temperatures, media and duration of storage for short term preservation of bovine preantral follicles in situ and (2) efficiency of conventional vitrification (CV) and solid surface vitrification (SSV), for long term cryopreservation of bovine preantral follicles in situ. Ovaries of six freshly slaughtered adult crossbred cows were collected and transported to the laboratory within one hour in normal saline at room temperature. The ovarian cortex from both ovaries of each animal was separated, divided further into fifteen pieces. One hour after the slaughter a cortical piece was selected at random from each animal and fixed in Bouin’s fluid for histological processing later on (control). Twelve cortical pieces from each animal were randomly allotted for short term preservation, of which, six pieces each were placed in vials containing normal saline and remaining in Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (DPBS). Three vials from normal saline group and DPBS group were stored at room temperature (25ºC) and the remaining three vials from each group were stored at refrigeration temperature (3-5ºC). One cortical piece was taken out, from each media, from both the storage temperatures, at four, eight and twelve hours of storage and fixed for histological analysis. The remaining two cortical pieces were further divided into smaller fragments of approximately 1mm3 size. The fragments from one piece were vitrified using conventional vitrification (CV) and the rest by solid surface vitrification (SSV) and stored in liquid nitrogen for ten days. The fragments were warmed and fixed after the storage period. The quality of preantral follicles in the fixed ovarian tissues was evaluated based on morphology in histological sections. The preantral follicles were counted, classified as primordial, primary and secondary. Storage at refrigeration temperature preserved the preantral follicles very much better than the storage at room temperature. The amount of normal preantral follicles reduced progressively with passage of time. Primordial follicles were better adapted to preservation than primary and secondary follicles. The preantral follicles were best preserved at refrigeration temperature up to four hours of storage. The morphologically normal preantral follicles in normal saline (55.17 %) and DPBS (56.17 %) at this temperature and storage period did not show significant difference from that of control (59 %). The primordial follicles were preserved in both normal saline (61.42 %) and DPBS (61.15 %) at refrigeration temperature up to four hours, at levels similar to control (62.63 %). However, only DPBS at refrigeration temperature could ideally preserve primary (51.13 % vs. 53.06 % in control) and secondary follicles (42.10 % vs. 48.83 % in control). The number of morphologically normal preantral follicles in situ was significantly reduced after both CV (25.5 %) and SSV (37.17 %). But, SSV was significantly better than CV for preserving the quality of preantral follicles. According to this study DPBS at refrigeration temperature is ideal for preserving all the three classes of bovine preantral follicles in situ up to four hours of storage. Though vitrification of bovine ovarian tissue could not preserve preantral follicles at ideal levels, SSV was found to be far superior to CV in preserving bovine preantral follicles in situ.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Synchronization of ovulation and timed artificial insemination to improve fertility in postpartum dairy cows
    (Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2008) Rajeswari, T; KAU; Aravinda Ghosh, K N
    The present research work was undertaken to evaluate different oestrus synchronization protocols and to recommend a better and more consistent timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol for improving fertility in postpartum dairy cows. The study was performed in 30 crossbred cows at day 40 postpartum belonging to University Livestock Farm, Mannuthy during the period from July 2007 to May 2008. Efficacy of various synchronization protocols for inducing oestrus and ovulation and conception rate in the experimental and control groups were determined. In Group I, 20µg of GnRH analogue (Buserelin) was administered intramuscularly on day 40 postpartum followed by 500µg of PGF2α analogue (Cloprostenol) on day 7 intramuscularly and a second dose of 10µg GnRH was administered on day 9 followed by TAI at 24th and 32nd hours. In Group II, 20µg of GnRH analogue was administered intramuscularly on day 40 postpartum followed by 500µg of PGF2α analogue intramuscularly on day 11 and a second dose 10µg GnRH analogue was administered on day 13 followed by TAI at 24th and 32nd hours. In Group III, induction of oestrus was done by administering PGF2α analogue 500µg intramuscularly on day 40 postpartum. A second dose of PGF2α analogue was administered on day 11, followed by TAI at 72nd and 80th hour. In Group IV, cows with a palpable functional CL on day 40 postpartum were administered 500µg PGF2α analogue and were inseminated at observed oestrus. Cows inseminated during first natural post partum oestrus formed the control group (Group V). In the experimental and control groups serum progesterone was estimated on day 40 postpartum, on days of hormone administration and during oestrum. Pregnancy diagnosis was done by rectal palpation of genitalia at 60 days after AI in all groups and the data were subjected to statistical analysis. Response to oestrus synchronization was 83.33, 33.33, 66.67 and 100 per cent in Group I to IV respectively. The time taken for induction of oestrum was 52.50 ± 0.99, 52.33 ± 0.71, 52.83 ± 1.40 and 53 ± 0.97 h respectively in Group I to IV but there was no significant difference between the groups. The duration of oestrus in Groups I to V were 37.33 ± 0.71, 35.67 ± 0.88, 40.50 ± 0.76, 38.83 ± 0.83 and 39.83 ± 0.48 h respectively. The percentage of animals showing high, medium and low intensities of oestrum respectively were 0, 33.33 and 50 in Group I, 0, 33.33 and 0 in Group II, 33.33, 33.33 and 0 in Group III, 83.33, 16.66 and 0 in Group IV, 83.33,16.66 and 0 in Group V. The mean serum progesterone level on day 0, 7, 9 and observed oestrum for those conceived in Group I were1.56 ± 0.69, 5.00 ± 0.94, 0.55 ± 0.09 and 0.36 ± 0.06 ng/ml. For those animals in Group I that did not conceive, the corresponding values for the same days were 0.36 ± 0.01, 0.76 ± 0.61, 0.40 ± 0.11 and 0.32 ± 0.08 ng/ml respectively. In Group II, the mean serum progesterone level on day 0, 11, 13 and observed oestrum for the conceived were 0.49 ± 0.23, 1.59 ± 0.59, 0.35 ± 0.13 and 0.88 ± 0.13 ng/ml respectively and those that did not conceive had mean serum progesterone level 0.99 ± 0.44, 0.35 ± 0.20, 0.31 ± 0.07 and 0.88 ± 0.21 ng/ml respectively. In Group III, the mean serum progesterone level on day 0, 11 and observed oestrum for the conceived were 0.83 ± 0.19, 3.05 ± 0.38 and 0.33 ± 0.10 ng/ml respectively and for the non conceived the corresponding values were 0.20 ± 0.05, 0.34 ± 0.11 and 1.39 ± 0.01 ng/ml respectively. The conceived animals in Group IV had mean serum progesterone level 2.77 ± 0.38 and 0.46 ± 0.12 ng/ml respectively on day 0 and observed oestrum while for those that did not conceive the corresponding values were 1 and 0.5ng/ml respectively. In the control group those that conceived had serum progesterone levels 1.30 ± 0.29 and 0.55 ± 0.08 ng/ml on day 40 and observed oestrum and the corresponding values for those that did not conceive were 1.6 ± 0.85, 0.685 ± 0.235 ng/ml respectively. The conception rates after synchronization in Groups I to V were 66.66, 33.33, 66.66, 83.33 and 66.66 per cent respectively. The overall conception rate in Groups I to V were 83.33, 83.33, 66.66, 83.33 and 66.66 per cent respectively. The mean calving to conception interval for the experimental groups was 53.84 ± 2.31 days whereas the corresponding values for the control and herd were 95 ± 6.19 and 200.78 ± 15.97 days respectively. The present study revealed that treatment with GnRH and PGF2α during early post partum period was useful for reducing the intercalving interval in a herd. Similarly single PGF2α administration on confirmation of a functional CL by clinical examination was useful and more economical for individual animals and small herds. Hence it is recommended that Ovsynch and PGF2α protocol could be suitably employed for reducing the intercalving period in post partum dairy cows.