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Theses

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2001 - 20023
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Subject: Animal Reproduction and Gynecology × Author: KAU × End date: 2002 × Start date: 2001 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of prostaglandin-pregnent mare serum gonadotropin combination for enhancing prolificasy in Malabari goats
    (Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary and animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2002) Senthilkumar, P; KAU; Balakrishnan, P P
    The object of present Investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of prostaglandin-PMSG combination treatment at different dose levels in order to enhance the fertility and prolificacy of Malabari does. The material used for the study consisted of 48 cycling nulliparous Malabari does of eight to ten months age and body weight 18 to 20 kg, belonging to Kerala Agricultural University Goat farm, Mannuthy. All the experimental does were administered with two doses of cloprostenol (SYNCHROMATE) at the rate of O.Sml intramuscularly 11 days apart. One day prior to the second prostaglandin administration the does were randomly divided into four groups viz. Group I, Il, III and IV with 12 in each group. On the same day group I, 11 and III were administered PMSG (FOLLIGON) intramuscularly at the rate of 200, 400 and 600 IU respectively. Group IV was maintained as control with the prostaglandin treatment alone. After the second dose of prostaglandin all does in group I, 11 and III (100%) showed oestrus and in group IV only 11 does (91.67%) exhibited oestrus. The mean time taken for onset of oestrus in group I, Il, III and IV was 28.00±2.70, 30.00±4.31, 24.00, 43.64±4.36 h respectively. Group IV was significantly different from prostaglandin-PMSG group I, II and III (P < 0.01). The mean duration of oestrus in group I, 11, III and IV was 84.00±6.94, 64.00±7.44, 86.00±7.S2 and 34.91±4.97 h respectively. Group IV was significantly different from group I, IlandIlI (P Mean intensity oestrus score was 11.50±0.49, 12.25±0.33, 14.25±0.72 and 8.82±1.59 respectively in group I, 11, III and IV. Group IV was statistically significant from group I, II and III (P < 0.0 l). All prostaglandin-PMSG treated does exhibited common oestrus signs like wagging of tail, standing to be mounted, vulval redness, vulval oedema and vulval discharge whereas in control group only wagging of tail, vulval redness and vulval oedema noticed. The percentage of conception rate in group I, 11, III and IV was 41.67, 50.00, 33.33 and 45.45 respectively. In prostaglandin-PMSG groups I, 11 and III mean litter size was 1.60±0.25, 1.50±0.43 and 1.50±0.65 respectively but in group IV the same was 1.20±0.20. There was no significant difference between the groups in litter size. However, more litter size with twins and triplets was noticed in prostaglandin- PMSG groups than the control group. In group I, 11 and III mean birth weight was 1.45±0.14, 1.24±0.13 and 1.27±0.18 kg respectively whereas in group IV it was l.62±0.24 kg. There was no significant difference among the groups with respect to the birth weight of kids. The percentage of preweaning mortality of kids in group I, Il, III and IV was 50.00, 44.44, 50.00 and 33.33 respectively. The causes of preweaning mortality were pneumonia, enteritis and other etiological factors such as sudden death of weak born kids. Analysis of the results of present investigation indicated that prostaglandin double dose combined with PMSG at low dose regimen of 200 IV treatment can be used for enhancing the litter size without affecting the uq reproductive efficiency of nulliparous young does. For enhancing the litter size of goat, though requires further detailed investigation, it appears to offer a clear indication on the possibility of hormonally modulated for enhancement of litter size among goats. This might find in potential commercial application in intensive goat production system.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of norgestamet and prostaglandinfalpha in crossbred heifers for augmenting fertility
    (Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2001) Gopikrishnan, P; KAU; Vahida, A M
    With the objective of studying the effect of norgestamet-oestradiol and PGF2a treatment on oestrus synchronisation and to enhance the fertility rate in crossbred heifers at fixed time double insemination, forty-five cycling heifers, selected from Kerala Agricultural University Livestock Farms, were randomly allotted to three treatment groups, Group I, Il and Ill. Fifteen heifers of Group I were given 3 mg norgestamet implant kept in situ for nine days and an injection containing a combination of 3 mg norgestamet and 5 mg oestradiol valerate on the day of insertion of implant. While the fifteen heifers of Group Il were given double dose regimen of 15 mg PGF2a (luprostiol) at 11 days apart. Group III consisted of fifteen heifers that were kept as control. In both Groups I and Il, 14 heifers (93.33 per cent) each responded to the treatments. The time taken for the induction of oestrus in the Group I was 50.1 ± 4.58 hours as against 69.50 ± 1.34 hours in the Group 11. There was significant difference on the time of induction of oestrus between Group I and Group n. The duration of oestrus in the Group I was 27.8 ± l.09 hours, as against 28 ± 1.07 and 19 ± 0.33 hours respectively in Group II and Group III. Though analysis of variance showed no significant difference between Group I and Group Il, pairwise comparison showed no significant difference between Group I and Group Il. A higher percentage of heifers in Group I and II showed medium to high intensity of oestrus than Group Ill. The cervicovaginal mucus examination revealed an increase in typical fern pattern in Group I and II than Group Ill. The first, second and third service pregnancy rate in Group I were 21.42, 28.57 and 14.28 per cent respectively at fixed time artificial insemination, 48 and 72 hours after the removal of the implant, as against 42.86, 21.43 and 14.28 per cent at fixed time artificial insemination, 72 and 96 hour after the second injection of PGF2a in Group II. In Group III heifers 20 per cent each required one and three inseminations and 13.44 per cent required two inseminations to effect pregnancy. The overall pregnancy rate obtained for Group I, II and III were 64.27, 78.57 and 53.33 per cent respectively. The AI indices for Group I and II were 1.72 and 1.63 as against 2.13 of Group Ill. The present study reveals that though norgestamet- oestradiol and PGF2a could be effectively used for synchronisation of oestrus, use of PGF 2a is the better alternative for augmenting fertility in crossbred heifers.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Classification and characterization of follicular oocytes of crossbred cattle
    (Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2001) Lydia Priscilla, K; KAU; Balakrishnan, P P
    The objective of the present study was to analyse the ovarian factors that would influence the type of oocyte recovered for further use in terms of in vitro embryo production. The normal ovaries of crossbred cows collected randomly from the slaughter house were classified into four stages Stage I (SI), Stage Il (S2), Stage III (S3) and Stage IV (S4) of the oestrous cycle according to the visual appearance of CL and ovarian morphology. The length, width, thickness and weight of the ovary were significantly influenced by the stage of the oestrous cycle and the maximum value was recorded during the S3 stage (late luteal phase) of the cycle. The average values recorded irrespective of the stage for length, width, thickness and weight of the ovary was 2.47±O.03cm, 1.81±O.03cm, 1.42±O.03cm and 4.05±O.14g respectively. The mean number of vesicular follicles belonging to the 4 to 8mm category was significantly influenced by the stage of the oestrous cycle (p8mm diameter follicles were not influenced by the stage of the oestrous cycle. The late luteal phase (S3) had more number of follicles in less than 4mm category whereas S3 and S4 stage had more number of follicles in 4 to 8mm and >8mm category. The size of the follicle had an interactive effect along with the quality of oocyte obtained in each category of the follicle. The number of oocytes obtained from <4mm sized follicle was significantly high (pcategories. The good quality oocytes were also found to be significantly higher in number when recovered from <4mm sized follicles. The recovery rate of oocytes as per the stage was found to have a statistical significance (phigher output from ovaries belonging to the S3 phase than the. number obtained from SI, S2 and S4 stage. Moreover, the quality of the oocyte recovered from S3 stage was significantly influenced (pstatistically similar in their effect on oocyte quality. Slicing method yielded the maximum number of oocytes per ovary than when compared to the other techniques employed. There was significant difference in the recovery rate among the methods (pboth in number and quality (6.27 and 61.53 per cent of grade I). The mean number of oocytes recovered by aspiration, puncturing and post aspiration slicing was 4.16, 3.67 and 3.13 respectively. The method of recovery and the quality of oocyte recovered had an interactive and significant effect on the oocyte recovery rate (pThe level of sodium, potassium, iron and copper in the follicles of various diameters present during the different stages of the cycle in the ovaries was found to vary significantly between stages. The level of zinc was not influenced by the stages of the cycle. The variation in the concentration of the minerals was found to be related with the normal physiological changes that occurred during the different stages of the cycle.