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1999 - 199912000 - 20052
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Subject: Animal Nutrition × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of urea as source of rumen degradable preotein on milk production of crossbred cows in early lactation
    (Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy, 2005) Sheena Joseph, KAU; Ally, K
    A study was conducted with crossbred cows to assess the effect of urea as a source of rumen degradable protein on the milk production in early lactation. Eight crossbred cows within 20 days of lactation were selected as uniformly as possible with regard to their age, parity, weight and milk yield. They were allotted to the four dietary treatments in a switch over design. The four concentrate mixtures contained 16.93, 17.37, 19.92 and 19.92 per cent crude protein (CP) and 70.60, 69.24, 70.26 and 68.98 per cent TDN, respectively. The levels of rumen undegradable protein (UDP) and rumen degradable protein (RDP) in the four concentrate mixtures were 28, 39.15, 26.46 and 40 per cent of CP as UDP and 72, 61.85, 73.54 and 60 per cent of CP as RDP, respectively, on DM basis. There was no significant effect (P>0.05) of dietary CP or UDP levels on the body weight, dry matter intake and milk production of animals. The inclusion of urea at different CP or UDP levels did not show any marked influence on the production performance of the animals. There was no significant difference in any of milk composition parameters except MUN which was significantly higher (P<0.05) with 20 per cent concentrate mixtures compared to17 per cent concentrate mixtures at both levels of degradability. The haematological and biochemical parameters such as haemoglobin, plasma glucose, plasma urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, plasma calcium, plasma phosphorus, plasma total protein and albumin estimated at the end of each feeding period were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by the four dietary treatments. There was no significant effect (P>0.05) of four dietary combinations on rumen fermentation parameters such as rumen pH, total volatile fatty acids and (TVFA) and rumen ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N) concentration. The cost of production per kg milk produced was Rs.7.25, 8.10, 8.05 and 9.09, respectively, for the four dietary treatments. From the overall results obtained in the present study, it could be concluded that a 17 per cent CP concentrate mixture with 28 per cent UDP was sufficient for meeting the protein requirement of early lactating crossbred cows producing about 10 kg milk per day. The study also revealed that one per cent urea can be added in the concentrate mixture of early lactating cows as a source of RDP without any deleterious effect.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Nutritive evaluation of prawn waste for growth in large white yorkshire pigs
    (Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2002) Madhukumar, U; KAU; Viswanathan, T V
    An experiment was conducted to assess the nutritive value of prawn waste for growth in Large White Yorkshire pigs. Thirty female pigs with an average body weight of 31.4 kg were divided into three equal groups as uniformly as possible with regard to age and body weight. The three groups of pigs were maintained on three different experimental diets viz., Tl control standard grower (16 per cent CP) and finisher ration (14 per cent CP), T2 - 25 per cent of total protein in Tl replaced by protein from prawn waste and T 3 - 50 per cent of total protein in T 1 replaced by protein from prawn waste. The average daily gain recorded for the three groups T1, T2 and T3 were 385.5, 393.3 and 381.1 g respectively. The cumulative feed conversion efficiencies were 4.87, 4.73 and 4.89 for the groups T1, T2 and T3 respectively. The digestibility coefficients of nutrients were significantly higher in T2 for dry matter (p<0.05) and crude protein (pwas found significantly higher (p and T2. The digestibility coefficients of crude fibre and ether extract were almost similar for all the three groups. Study of the carcass characteristics revealed that dressing percentage, carcass length, back fat thickness, loin eye area and ham weight were not significantly influenced by the inclusion of prawn waste at different levels. The cost of feed per kg weight gain of animals in different treatments Tl and T2 and T3 were Rs. 29.95, 23.84 and 21.18 respectively. The above results indicate that, prawn waste can be used economically to replace the protein of the grower and finisher rations for pigs up to 50 per cent level.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of complete rations for kids for meat production
    (Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1999) Dildeep, V; KAU; George Mathen
    An investigation was carried out in Malabari kids of three to four months of age to study the influence of animal protein and monensin incorporated in complete pelleted concentrate type diet on the growth of animals. Thirty kids were divided into three equal groups, 1, 2 and 3, and fed on three pelleted complete rations, isocaloric and isoproteimic. Ration 2 incorporated meat cum bone meal and ration 3, fish meal at 5 percentage level replacing gingelly oil cake of ration 1 and fed to respective groups for a period of91 days. Animal protein inclusion did not show any significant positive influence on the growth of kids. No significant growth difference between the male and female animals of the three groups were observed. There was significant increase (Panimal protein, but had no positive influence on other body measurements. Significantly lower (Panimal protein containing diets, which can be attributed to palatability problems. The feed conversion efficiency and nitrogen balance values of kids were not influenced by animal protein inclusion. It also had no influence on digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract of the diets. Dressing percentage of kids slaughtered at six months of age in the three groups were almost similar. The gross profit that can be expected from animals of group 2 worked out to be Rs.357.90 compared to Rs.292.06 and Rs.286.20 per animal in group 1 and group 3 respectively for a period of 13 weeks. Histopathological study of the rumen tissues of all the three groups showed rumen papillae that were long and thickened with sparsely distributed keratin deposition indicating distinct parakeratosis, but no clinical symptoms of lactic acidosis were observed. It is possible to maintain kids of three to four months of age profitably on concentrate like complete feeds, supplemented with monensin and sodium bicarbonate for a period not exceeding 91 days.