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Subject: Animal Nutrition × End date: 2004 × Start date: 2004 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of replacing dried fish with lysine and methionine in the calf starter on the growth performance of crossbred calves
    (Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2004) Jith John, Mathew; Ally, K
    A growth trial was conducted with fourteen crossbred calves below one month of age for 145 days to study the effect of replacement of unsalted dried fish in the calf starter with a total vegetable protein source supplemented with lysine and methionine. Calves were divided into two groups as uniformly as possible and allotted randomly to two dietary treatments. The control group was fed with a calf starter containing unsalted dried fish. The treatment group was fed a calf starter with only vegetable protein sources formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric with control calf starter and equated by supplementation, with the same as regard to amino acids lysine and methionine plus cystine. Statistical analysis of the data showed that there was no significant difference in any of the parameters recorded during the study. An average daily gain of 325 grams and 348 grams were obtained in calves fed with the control and treatment diets respectively. Feed to gain ratio for the control and treatment groups were 3.85 and 3.81 respectively. Dry matter intake and haematological parameters such as haemoglobin, serum phosphorus, serum calcium, plasma glucose, serum total protein and blood urea nitrogen were similar in calves receiving the two dietary treatments. The digestibility coefficients of nutrients observed were 66.37 and 65.84 for dry matter, 72.21 and 72.36 for crude protein, 64.28 and 61.85 for ether extract, 62.34 and 60.71 for neutral detergent fibre and 51.95 and 52.25 for acid detergent fibre for the control and treatment diets respectively. Identical performance was obtained in all the parameters recorded. Cost per kilogram body weight gain was Rs 71.40 for the control group and Rs 69.63 in the treatment group. It could be inferred from the study that unsalted fish in a calf starter can be fully replaced by plant protein sources supplemented for existing deficiencies in lysine and methionine plus cystine to obtain similar growth performance of cross bred pre-ruminant calves.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of dietry iron and supplementation of phytase on growth and mineral availability in broiler chicken
    (Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2004) Anup Kollanoor, J; KAU; Syam Mohan, K M
    An investigation over a period of eight weeks was carried out to study the effect of dietary iron and supplementation of phytase on growth and mineral availability in broiler chicken. One hundred and ninety two day-old broiler chicks (Ven cob) were divided into four identical groups having four replicates in each group with 12 birds in each replicate and allotted randomly into four dietary treatments viz., T1, T2, T3 and T4. The treatments consisted of a standard broiler ration (T1) containing mineral mixture as per BIS (1992), ration containing mineral mixture without iron (T2), ration containing mineral mixture with iron and supplemental phytase at 750 U/kg diet (T3) and ration containing mineral mixture without iron and supplemental phytase at 750 U/kg diet (T4). Performance parameters such as body weight, weight gain, dry matter consumption, feed efficiency, protein efficiency, tibial weight and tibial ash did not differ significantly between the groups. Significant increase (P<0.05) in the availability of phosphorus with marginal increase in the availability of Fe, Cu and Ca were observed for the groups fed T2 and T3 diets, when compared to other groups. Increased retention of iron in liver of birds fed T2, T3 and T4 diets were observed showing significant difference (P<0.05) with birds fed control diet T1. But the iron retention in spleen did not differ between treatments at sixth and eighth weeks of age. Overall evaluation of the results of the present study reveals that supplementation of inorganic iron through mineral mixtures over and above ingredient iron leads to interaction between Fe and other minerals especially P and Cu. Inclusion of phytase, even though did marginally improve iron retention in storage organs, it did not create significant improvement when added to diets without supplementation of inorganic iron. So it is concluded that levels of 620 to 660 ppm Fe from the ingredients satisfies the requirement for growth, mineral availability and retention in broilers.