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198513
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Subject: Agronomy × Author: KAU × End date: 1985 × Start date: 1985 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of NPK on seed progeny and air layers in cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L. )
    (Department of agronomy, College of Agriculture Vellayani , Trivandrum, 1985) Harishu Kumar, P; KAU; Sreedharan, C
    An experiment was conducted to assess the "Ef f e c t of NPK fertilisers on seed orogeny and air layers in cashew at Cashew Seed Farm, Shanmtigodu under Central Plantation Crops Research Institute , Regional Station, f i t c a l 574 24 3, during 1982-84. fhe treatments consisted of test ing three le v e ls each of d,? and K on seed . rogen/ i.,d ai r layers Ln cashcv/. r ’ne study revc ile 1 t h . t d i f f e r en t grov.'th oar meter 7 i. e . , he L'jl'it, can>py rolLus, surf ice area, le a f area n ; : ; v/erc influenced by increasing le v e ls of I:PR. f ■ r t i I i. s e r s . [' r/ ii chlorophyl l , to I; il v.ug ir , le.it v; .ter f-,■ n* , in-: sp e c i f ic le if w ight v;ere influenced by » b ,n v/11 i I e n i t rci' p n 11 one i n c i i iset i , , ., ii c * * . I', i r 1 y i'ii s r: u I: i- c ’ i I i r r - • * * in f l o w e r i n g , numbt l r, f ft mi. t e, _ .m ,lg ,■ I ; -I -,l puilr-h t'< t-i.l il 'hoots WC IX ; i ? V i . r ‘ I i I -■ 1 nr r r 1.0,1 b y f.f r » i I i d L >n . t’rmt j;un ii r‘ rc rn> r ri o nl; inrl acc' u b i ^ ici-1 c o n t e n t , ] Lc if ion . /c r | , 7 0 1 1 0 ' J W l ! " l p l Mut v Jupic an 1 IglTt wctr drrrc ir.ecl due to d M M, ion w,lH. V ipol ic .Llon ( ivour* rl nut md P i p d i ' - 1 , 4-r d W- i n ( k c - T l u 1 n - Leaf N v;as increased by NPIC. Lear ? was increased by p and K appl icat ion v/hile i t was reduced by N appl icat ion. Leaf K was reduced by H appl icat ion while i t was increased by ? and K appl icat ion. N appl ication resul ted in an Increase in le a f C i, where as P and K reduced i t . M and K reduced le a f Mg while P had no e f f e c t . M increased lui f Zn while P reduced the same. K had no e f f e c t . Cr i t ical levels in Ic if for M and ? are f ixed at 2.09% and 0.14% respectively. hoot CSC was increased by UP.' f e r t i 1 is ition . .1 application reduc’d organic carbon and P ‘./hale- i t i.nere -Scd ^>oil M, h and oH. P appl ication increased o i l d, K and pH. ‘V. ipol icat ion incr*. ia«_ , roi l H, h and oH wher>- as i c r c r\ v c c r: o i l P • rj ind P f spons r, r*. curvul in«. ar while not as i u ■ esnonrs v m Jincir. rhc od.imuni of U and P r , pc-j/trr ,./y ai re no-. c t ivt 1 y . M ixvv.um income W L. 1. ' - * * r t ' l i - r r l In lie 1 IV- r r . r
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Influence of crop geometry on the growth and yield of rice variety jaya
    (Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1985) Usha, K E; KAU; Balakrishnapillai, P
    Influence of crop geometry on the growth and yield of rice variety 'Jaya'. An experiment was conducted in the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pattambi during the second crop season of 1983 to study the influence of crop geometry on the growth and yield of rice variety 'Jaya'. The experiment was laid out in split plot with three replications. The treatments consisted of six treatment combinations of two levels of spacing between plants (20 x 15 cm, 20 x 10 cm) and three levels of spacing between alleys (80 cm, 160 cm and 240 cm apart) in the main plot and four levels of crop orientation (north-South, East-West, diagonal planting North East-South West and diagonal planting North West-South East) in the sub plot. Observations on weather factors such as temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, sunshine hours, wind velocity and evaporation were recorded daily. Crop growth characters like height, number of tillers, leaf area index were recorded at different stages of development of the crop and yield components like number of productive tillers, length of panicle, and yield of girth and straw were noted during the harvest. The day time variation of albedo was also measured at frequent intervals. N-S oriented crop was significantly superior to others with regard to crop growth characters as well as yield components. Height, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, length of panicle and number of grain per panicle were influenced by the 20 x 15 cm spacing while the 20 x 10 cm spacing showed the maximum drymatter production, maximum thousand grain weight and highest value of grain and straw yields. The grain yield was not significantly influenced by the alley treatments. It was found that proper spacing and orientation had significant effect on overall growth and yield of the crop. Highest grain yield was recorded in plots with N-S orientation and with 20 x 10 cm spacing. The best performance is attributed to more effective utilisation of solar radiation with the uniform exposure of plants to sunlight. The albedo measurements were also higher over the closely spaced and N-S oriented plots indicating the better growth and performance of the crop. Results of the present investigation indicate that rice in Kerala during the second crop season can be grown most successfully if planted at a spacing of 20 x 10 cm and oriented in N-S direction.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Fertiliser management in cassava- groundnut intercropping system
    (Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1985) Bridgit, T K; KAU; Sreedharan, C
    An experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Mannuthy, to study the effect of levels of N and time of application of N and K in a cassava- groundnut intercropping system. This 2x2x4 factorial experiment was laid out in randomized Block design with three replications under rainfed conditions. The study revealed that intercropping cassava with groundnut enhanced the growth parameters of cassava at all stages of growth. Yield attributes, yield and total drymatter production of cassava were also increased by intercropping. The quality characters like drymatter starch and crude protein content of tubers were improved by intercropping. Hundred percent recommended dose of N increased the growth, yield and quality over 75 percent of the recommended dose. Among the time of application T3 (15, 75 and 120 DAP) has given the highest tuber yield (21.92t ha-1) followed by T1 (15,60 and 90 DAP) of 21.65 t ha-1. T4 (basal, 60 and 90 DAP) which is the recommended dose recorded the lowest yield of 17.9 t ha-1. A comparatively higher utilization index was obtained with intercropping and higher level of N (75kg ha -1). T1 andT1 and T3 recorded more UI values than T2 and T4. The nutrient content as well as up take in cassava was increased by legume intercropping and higher levels of N. T1 and T3 recorded more nutrient content in different plant parts as compared to T2and T4. The fertility status of the soil was improved by intercropping and levels of N. Yield of ground nut was influenced by higher levels of N. Yield of groundnut was influenced by higher levels of N and time of application of N and K to cassava.T2 and T4 recorded more yield. Nutrient content and up take of bhusa was not influenced by levels of N and time of application of N and K. Maximum LER was seen in sole cassava plot when N and K was given at 15,75 and 120 DAP while in intercropped plot it was highest when N and K were given at 15,60 and 90DAP. Income from cassava cultivation was increased by intercropping with groundnut application of N and K at 15, 75 and 120DAP. Groundnut can be intercropped successfully with cassava under Kerala condition and a substantial quantity (25 per cent) of fertilizer nitrogen required by the main crop could be saved by this practice. For getting better fertilizer use efficiency of applied N and K fertilisers, 1st dose should be applied at 15 DAP of cassava instead of the now recommended basal Dose. Second dose can be extended up to 75 days of planting and the last dose up to 120 DAP so as to coincide with the harvest of the intercrop and the earthing up of cassava.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of continuous N P K Fertilization on the growth and yield behaviour of coconut with special reference to potash nutrition and its interrelation with other mineral nutrients
    (Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1985) Pushpangadan, K; KAU; Sadanandan, N
    At the Coconut Research Station , Balaramapuram in Trivandrum District of Kerala State an experiment was laid out in 1964 to assess the growth characters, yield attributes and yield of coconut variety West Coast Tall. The study was further enlarged to include the critical levels of leaf nutrient concentration as related to yield and the soil fertility statusdue to continued NPK fertilization . The treatments consisted of three levels of N, P and K (N-0, 340, and 680 g;P-0, 225 and 450 g and K-0, 450 and 900 g per palm per year). The experiment was laid out in a 3 raise to 3 partially confounded factorial design with two replications. Application of N enhanced the growth characters viz., production of female flowers, percentage fruit set, yield of nuts, weight of nuts, mean thickness and weight of meat, weight of copra and oil percentage. However the effect of N was found to be quadratic at the highest level applied. Application of P although improved the female flower prodcuction, its effect was negative towards copra weight and oil percentage . For the remaining characters studied, the initial level of 225 g per tree per year was found to be adequate.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Nitrogen management for grain cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in summer rice fallows
    (Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1985) Sheela, P; KAU; Muraleedharan Nair, V
    A field experiment was conducted at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the summer season of 1983-84 to study the response of two varieties of cowpea to different nitrogen management conditions. Various combinations of 5,10,20 or 30 kg N/ha basal, 0,5 or 10 kg N/ha top dressing as foliar spray at flowering, immediately after fertilization of early flowers and mid pod-fill stage as major treatments and two varieties (Kanakamony and Krishnamony) as minor treatments were tried in a split plot design with three replications. The study revealed the favourable influence of higher amounts of nitrogen on growth characters lika plant height, leaf number, number of branches per plant and number of nodules at flowering. Yield components such as number of pods per penduncle, pods per plant, seeds per plant and percentage of podset increased significantly by foliar application of nitrogen at different stages of the reproductive phase. The highest grain yield of 476 kg/ha was obtained from plants receiving 20 kg N/ha basal plus 10 kg N/ha applied to foliage at mid pod-fill stage. The number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight were not influenced by the Various nitrogen levels tried. Harvest index and protein content of grain were enhanced by application of nitrogen as basal plus foliar sprays. The nitrogen content in plant parts were increased with increasing amounts of nitrogen. Foliar application of nitrogen at flowering or mid pod-fill stage increased the leaf nitrogen concentration The total nitrogen content available P2O5 and available K2O contents of soil influenced by the treatments. The higher level of nitrogen invariably led to higher values of total nitrogen in soil, available and available K2O after the crop harvest. The greatest profit of Rs 1661.85 was obtained from plants receiving 20 kg N/ha basal plus 10 kg N/ha as foliar spray at mid pod-fill stage (T12) The study indicated that application of 20 kg N/ha basal when supplemented v/ith 10 kg N/ha as foliar spray at mid pod-fill stage of the crop could give higher grain yields and profits.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Nutritional requirement of the sesamum variety thilothama in partially shaded uplands
    (Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1985) Girija, Devi L; KAU; Chandrasekharan, P
    An experiment was conducted in the red loom soils of the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture , Vellayani during 1983 to study the effects of three levels of nitrogen (0, 20 and 40 kg N/ha), three levels of phosphorus (0, 15 and 30 kg P2O5/ha) and three levels of potassium (0,20 and 40 kg K2O/ha) on the growth, yield, oil and protein content and chemical composition and uptake of mineral nutrients of sesamum. The field trial was laid out as a 3 factorial experiment confounding NPK in replication - 1 and NP2K2 in replication-2.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ecophysiology of azolla and its management for rice production
    (Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1985) Alexander, D; KAU; Sadanandan, N
    In order to explore the agronomic potential of azolla for rice production, an investigation entitled 'Ecophysiology of azolla and its management for rice production ' was carried out at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pattambi, during the years 1980 to 1984 with the following objectives: (1) To study the influence of environmental conditions on the growth and establishment of azolla. (2) To assess the nutritional requirement of azolla. (3) To find out the time of application and optimum quantity of azolla inoculum required for growing it as an intercrop with rice. (4) To identify the geometry of planting rice favouring the multiplication of azolla in the field.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Phosphorus nutrition of rice
    (Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1985) Usha, L; KAU; Sasidhar, V K
    With a view to study the relative efficiency of various levels and methods of phosphorus application to rice variety, Triveni, an experiment was conducted in the wetlands of the Instructional Farm attached tot he College of Agriculture, Vellayani, during the first and secondcrop seasons of 1983-'84. The various treatments tried were 1. Control ( No phosphorus) 2. Full basal ( 35 kg P2O5/ha) 3. 3/4 basal + 1/4 foliar 4. 3/4 basal 5. 1/2 basal + 1/4 foliar 6. 1/4 basal + 1/4 foliar 7. l/2 basal. 8. Soaking seeds in KH2PO4 (Potassium dihydrogen phosphate) - 20 per cent solution and no phosphorus in the main field 9. Dipping seedling roots in KH2PO4- 1.5 per cent solution and no phosphorus in the main field. 10. Dipping seedling roots in 2.0 per cent Diamonium phosphate and no phosphorus in the main field. 11. Dipping seedling roots in superphosphate slurry and no phosphorus in the main field. 12. Application of 35 kg P205 in the nursery and no phosphorus in the main field. The experiment was laid out in a randomised block design with three replications. The study revealed that the different levels and methods of phosphorus application had no effect on the various growth characters such as plant height, number of tillers, leaf area index and dry matter production.The yield and yield attributes also were not influenced by the levels and methods of phosphorus application\ except the weight of panicle . Phosphorus had no effect on the number of productive tillers per square metre, length of panicle, number of grains per panicle, sterility percentage and thousand grain weight. The grain and straw yield also were not influenced by phosphorus application. However# the highest grain yield was given by treatment number 12 in both seasons. Studies on chemical composition and uptake of nutrients showed that the uptake of nutrients was not influenced by the levels and methods of phosphorus application. The pattern of phosphorus uptake showed a gradual increase from maximum tillering to panicle initiation followed by a rapid increase upto harvest. The total nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium status of the soil were not influenced by phosphorus application. The available phosphorus status of the soil increased gradually upto maximum tillering stage, showed a slight decrease by panicle initiation and this decreasing trend was continued till harvest. The maximum net profit of Rs.3199.30 was obtained by the application of the full dose of phosphorus to the nursery .
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Nitrogen management in rice variety Lekshmi (Kayamkulam-I)
    (Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1985) Surendran, K; KAU; Ramachandran Nair, V
    To evolve a suitable nitrogen management schedule for rice variety Lakshmi an experiment was conducted in a cultivator's field at Attingal, Trivandrum, during the grand mundekan (ragi) season of 1983-34. The treatment a consisted of four graded levels of nitrogen ranging from 20 to 80 kg/ha and four times of application with one control. The experiment was replicated thrice in a Factorial Randomised Block Design. Growth characters such as plant height, tillering, leaf area index, crop growth rate end dry matter production were the highest at 80 kg IT/ha* Height, leaf area index end dry matter yield were the highest with three splits, but tiller production and crop growth rate were the highest with two splits of nitrogen. Application of 80 kg H/ha gave the highest number of panicles, where as number of filled grains aid spikelsts were maximum with 40 kg nitrogen. The highest weight of thousand grains and panicles on! the lowest percentage of unfilled grains were observed with 60 kg nitrogen. Grain end straw yields wore tho highest with 60 end 80 kg E/ha respectively. Application, of nitrogen, at 50,25 and 23 per-cant at transplanting, active tillering end panicle initiation stages respectively produced the highest grain and straw yields Application of 80 kg N/ha in equal splits at active tillering end penicle initiation at age a recorded maximum grain protein content Nitrogen use efficiency was the highest with 20 kg nitrogen and it gradually decreased with increased rates Nitrogen phosphorus and potassium apt eke increased with incremental doses of nitrogen at all growth stages. Three split application recorded the highest nitrogen end potassium uptake at active tillering end panicle initiation Three split application of 60 kg N/ha as 50%, 25%and 25% at transplanting active tillering and panicle initiation stages respectively recorded the highest not return and cost benefit ratio.