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ThesisItem Open Access Integrated Disease Management of Root Rot of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) Incited by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE SWAMI KESHWANAND RAJASTHAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIKANER,, 2017) SUNAINA VARMA; Data Ram KumharChilli (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the most important commercial crop of India belongs to the Solanaceae family mainly cultivated for its green fruits as vegetable and dry chilli as spice purpose. The genus name Capsicum derived from the latin word ‘capsa’ meaning chest or box because of the shape of fruit which encloses seeds very neatly, as in the box. Capsicum annum is cultivated either for pungent fruited genotypes called chilli (synonyms: hot pepper, American pepper, chile, azi, cayenne, paprika etc.) or non-pungent fruited genotypes called sweet pepper (synonyms: Capsicum, paprika, bell pepper, Shimla mirch). Chilli has many culinary advantages. It comprises numerous chemicals including steam- volatile oils, fatty oils, capsaicinoids, carotenoids, vitamins, proteins, fibres and mineral elements. Capsicum fruits may serve as a source of natural bactericidal agents to be used in food and medicinal systems. Many chilli constituents are important for nutritional value, flavour, aroma, texture and colour. Chillies are low in sodium content and cholesterol free, rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, a good source of potassium and folic acid. Fresh green chilli peppers contain more vitamin C than citrus fruits and fresh red chilli has more vitamin A than carrot. Chilli is commercially important for two qualities, i.e., its red colour is due to the pigment capsanthin and its biting pungency is due to capsaicin.ThesisItem Open Access Management and Physiological Studies of Collar Rot of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Incited by Aspergillus niger van. Tieghem(Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner (Rajasthan), 2020) SAROJ CHOUDHARY; Arjun Lal YadavPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) flourish underground, generally called as groundnut. It is one of the most essential oilseed crop in the world. It is considered that groundnut could be native of Brazil in South America and it has been popularised from South America to East Asia. Groundnut is advisable for a vast range of climatic conditions enclose latitudes between 40° South and 40° North of the eq uator. Groundnut belongs to the family Febaceae and sub family papilionaceae. It is mostly acquired in several subtropical and tropical countries of the world (Wudlri and Ftobal, 1992). It has some common names such as peanut, earthnut, marillnut, monkey-nut, panda and goobernut. Oilseed crops have a great role in Indian agriculture as well as in Indian culture as oilseed comprise next to food grain and used in many Indian festivals by different ways. When we look for a considerable source of edible oils then groundnut comes first among all. The kernel contains 40 to 45 per cent oil and 25 to 30 per cent protein. Groundnut provide carbohydrate 18.6 percent and one of superior source of minerals like Ca, Mg, Fe and vitamins (like B 1, B 2 and niacin). It comprehends the essential amino acids inclusive of cystine and unsaturated fats serving as oleic and linolic acid. It is used in hydrogenation and soap industries.ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical Studies and Management on Charcoal Rot of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Incited by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid.(Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University Bikaner (Raj.), 2021) SANTOSH KUMARI; A. K. MeenaFenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) also known as Methi belongs to family leguminoceae. Fenugreek believed to be originated from South East Europe and West Asia is cultivated throughout India and other parts of world for leafy vegetables, condiment, medicinal purposes and fodder also. It is rich source of minerals, protein, vitamin A and C. Fenugreek seed is also used as dye making and for extraction of alkaloids or steroids. The dried leaves and flowers are used for flavour. The leaves (per 100 gram of edible portions) contain moisture (per 100 gram of edible portions) 86.1 g, thiamine 0.05 mg, fat 0.9 g, calcium 360 mg, protein 4.4 g, oxalic acid 13 mg, fiber 1.1 g, iron 17.2 mg, potassium 51 mg, mineral 1.5 g, sulphur 167 mg, carbohydrates 6.00 g, vitamin A 6450 IU, magnesium 67 mg, nicotinic acid 0.7 mg, sodium 76.1 mg, vitamin C 54 mg, phosphorus 51 mg and chlorine 165 mg (Bose and Som, 1986). Fenugreek has medicinal value as it cure cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancer and chronic diseases. It contain anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antioxidant (Srinivas, 2014). It also contains saponins that reduce the body absorption of cholesterols.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular Characterization, Epidemiology and Management of Bacterial Blight of Clusterbean Incited by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. cyamopsidis (Patel, Dhande and Kulkarni)(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE SWAMI KESHWANAND RAJASTHAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIKANER-334006, 2022) PRAHLAD; S.L. GodaraClusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonaloba(L.) Taub.] (2n=14) commonly known as "guar" means "cow food" is an arid and semi-arid legume crop belonging to the family leguminaceae. It is a drought enduring leguminous crop because of its profound tap rooting system and has high capability to get well from water stress. Clusterbean as „guar‟, originate its name from Sanskrit word GAUAAHAR meaning food of cow or otherwise, fodder of the livestock. It is also known by other names such as khutti, dararretic, guari, etc. It is drought broadminded crop appropriate for crop growing under rainfed condition of kharif season in India. It enriches the soil fecundity by fixing the atmospheric nitrogen. Crop is grown in most parts, during rainy time, but it can also be grown successfully during summer period under irrigated situation. Clusterbean is grown as green manuring, green fodder and vegetable crop for human consumption since ancient times in India and Pakistan. The clusterbean seed consists of three parts seed coats (14-17%), the endosperm (35-42%), and the kernel (43- 47%). Guar gum (19 - 43% of the whole seed) is derivative from the endosperm, which is the major beneficial product of the plant. It additionally grown for the seeds and drawing out of guar gum manufacturing in India.The clusterbean gum is likewise regarded to contain medicinal significance inside the remedy of diabetes and excessive cholesterol (Bhan & Prasad, 1967). The green pods serve as a nutritious vegetable which contains 82.5% water, 3.7% protein, 9.9% carbohydrate, 0.2% fat, 2.3 % fiber, 1.4% other minerals viz., 0.13% Calcium, 0.25% Phosphorus, 5.8mg/100g Iron and 49 mg/100g Vitamin (Deore et al., 2004).ThesisItem Open Access Management and Physiological Studies on Early Blight of Tomato Incited by Alternaria solani Hori.(College of Agriculture, Bikaner Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University Bikaner (Rajasthan), 2023) KETAN MEENA; B.D.S. NathawatTomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) also known as “Orange of poor man” and protective food, because of its special nutritive value and versatile wide uses. Tomato belongs to the family “Solanaceae”. It is native to Western South America, and Central America from where it spread throughout the new world. Tomato is an important vegetables crop of the world. The tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) (2n = 24) is a perennial plant, but it is cultivated annually because of having a great economical and commercial advantages. Tomato has been to improve productivity, fruit quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Tomato has been widely used not only as food, but also as research material. The tomato plant has many interesting features such as fleshy fruit, a sympodial shoot, and compound leaves, which other model plants (e.g., Rice and Arabidopsis) do not have. Most of these traits are agronomically important and cannot be studied using other model plant systems. There are 13 recognized wild tomato species that display a great variety of phenotypes and can be crossed with the cultivated tomato.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Management of Dry Root Rot of Chickpea Incited by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE SWAMI KESHWANAND RAJASTHAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIKANER, 2020) MAHENDRA PARTAP; S.L. GodaraChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) also known as Bengal gram is one of the most important winter season food legume crops grown in India. It is said to be one of the oldest and world’s second-most widely grown legume after beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Chickpea is a member of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae and believed to be originated in South-Eastern Turkey. Chickpea, a self-pollinating diploid (2n=2x=16) with a genome size of 740 Mbp. It is an essential source of cheap protein in many parts of the world for those who follow to a vegetarian diet.ThesisItem Open Access Management of Foliar Blight of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Incited by Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn)(Department of Plant Pathology College of Agriculture, Bikaner Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University Bikaner (Raj.), 2018) RAMJI LAL MEENA; Dr. S. L. GodaraMungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important pules crop in Indian continent. Mungbean is infected by several fungal, bacterial and viral diseases but foliar blight caused by Rhizoctonia solaniis considered as one of the most devastating diseases in the mungbean growing areas of Rajasthan.ThesisItem Open Access Epidemiology and Management of Smut of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Caused by Moesziomyces penicillariae (Bref.) Vanky(RAJASTHAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIKANER S.K.N. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, JOBNER, 2008) Ramji Lal Meena; A.C. MATHURPearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is the third most important cereal crop in India occupying 9.55 million hectares with the production of 8.35 million tonnes food grain. Pearl millet is the hardiest cereal which grows well in arid areas where no other food crops can be successfully grown. Among pearl millet diseases smut caused by Moesziomyces penicillariae (Bref.) Vanky (=Tolyposporium penicillariae Bref.) is an important floral disease of pearl millet. This disease is common in all major pearl millet growing areas of India. The overall mean smut severity in Rajasthan based on 271 fields surveyed in 11 districts was 7.1 per cent. Out of 56 cultivars observed on farmers` field during survey, 13 cultivars were resistant (free from smut infection), 35 cultivars were found moderately resistant (>0-10%), and eight cultivars were found susceptible (>10 %) against smut. The maximum smut severity was observed in cultivar ICMH 356 (36.3%).ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Variability and Management of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (Padwick) Synd. and Hans. Incitant of Wilt in Chickpea(Department of Plant Pathology COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE SWAMI KESHWANAND RAJASTHAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIKANER, 2012) Mudasser Ahmed Khan; S.GangopadhyayExperiments were conducted to study the variability of ten isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri using six chickpea genotypes and six molecular markers. Various fungal, bacterial and actinomycetes antagonists were evaluated against F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri under laboratory and green house condition. The mechanism of action of antagonists in suppression of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri was studied under both in vitro and in vivo. The induction of defense related enzymes i.e. POD, PPO, PAL, chitinase, -1, 3-glucanase and protease and total soluble protein content in two chickpea genotypes by four antagonists was also investigated under green house condition. Disease control potentiality of two selected antagonists i.e. T. harzianum and P. fluorescens and FYM against Fusarium wilt of chickpea was studied under field conditions.
