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ThesisItem Open Access Selection of G. hirsutum genotypes for earliness, high yield potential and superior fibre properties along with bollgard II transgenes from segregating population(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-12-30) Gaikwad, Arun Ramrao; K.S. BaigThe present research work entitled ‘Selection of G. hirsutum genotypes for earliness, high yield potential and superior fibre properties along with bollgard II transgenes from segregating population’ with the aim to develope G hirsurum straight varieties with the Bollgard II version was carried out at Cotton Research Station, Nanded, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani during kharif seasons of 2020-21 and 2021-22. The experiment focused on to develop BG II (cry1Ac and cry2Ab) F6 segregating population, through elite single plant selection from F5 segregating population, with confirmation of putative cotton plants in F6 generation with presence of cry1Ac and cry2Ab insect resistant transgene gene in elite single plant selections and performance of single plant selections of cotton genotypes having cry1Ac and cry2Ab gene, for earliness, yield, and fibre quality along with reaction to major disease and pest of cotton. During year 2020-21, 150 F5 single plant selection progenies, derived from the fifteen different crosses and their segregating generations, were raised and from these, evaluated total 902 single plant selections samples for presence of qualitative transgene (cry1Ac and cry2Ab) done by ELISA at Desigen Agisure Diagnostic LLP, Mahyco laboratory, Jalna. In Kharif 2021-22 confirmation of putative plants (selected from 2020-21) season positive with cry1Ac and cry2Ab transgenes was done for Zygosity in 802 selected sample plants and from which in 47 samples of each leaf, square and boll were analysed for quantitative analysis for evaluating quantity of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab gene per fresh tissue in leaf, square and boll tissues. The promising plant progenies were also evaluated for the expression of cry1Ac and cry2Ab genes in field and the observations for seed cotton yield and yield contributing and ancillary characters were recorded on days to first flower initiation, days to 50 % flowering, days to first boll intiation, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of monopodia per plant, number of sympodia per plant, sympodial length (cm), earliness index, number of boll per plant, boll weight (g), seed cotton yield per plant (g), seed index (g), lint index (g), seed cotton yield (kg/ha), lint yield (kg/ha), ginning percentage (%), plant stand at harvest. Fibre properties were recorded in these putative, promising, positive for both the Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab transgene genotypes for upper half mean length UHML (mm), micronaire value (µg/in.), fibre strength (g/tex), uniformity index (%) and fibre elongation (%). The pest and disease incidence was also recorded in case of the development of the promising BG II version genotypes. During 2020-21 qualitative ELISA testing for presence of Cry1AC and Cry 2Ab transgene was taken in single plant selections taken from F5 segregating population of 15 cross hybrids (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N and P) derivatives and out of 902 single plant selection tested , 387 samples (42.90 %) were observed positive for the both Cry1Ac and Cry 2Ab gene, 338 samples (37.47 %) were observed positive for the Cry 1Ac gene, 150 samples (16.63 %) were observed positive for the Cry 2Ab whereas, 27 samples (2.99 %) were observed non Bt i.e. absence of both the transgenes . The highest percentage of presence of both the gene was observed in the cross ‘H’ (93.33 % ) followed by cross ‘L’ (67.31 %). In subsequent year 2021- 22, quantification for Cry 1Ac and Cry 2Ab of the 47 promising lines and zygosity analysis of the 760 promising positive for both Cry 1Ac + Cry 2Ab transgene (single plants selected from 2020-21 kharif season) were carried out. Out of 760 tested samples 374 samples (49.21 %) were conformed for homozygous for the Cry 1Ac + Cry Ab both gene presence. The highest percentage of homozygosity was observed in the cross ‘H’ (86.49 % ) followed by cross ‘A’ (85.00 %), cross ‘P’ (64.00 %) and cross ‘K’ (60.00 %). Out of 47 promising lines under quantification, the concentration of Cry1Ac varied in different promising lines across the different leaf, square and boll tissue. Cry1Ac expression was observed maximum in leaf sample as compare to square and boll sample.. Expression of Cry 1Ac estimation in leaf tissue of the promising lines S41 (10.79 µg g-1 fresh tissue) was observed maximum followed by S 97 (10.25 µg g-1 fresh tissue) and S33 (9.63 µg g-1 fresh tissue) . Expression of Cry 1Ac estimation in square tissue of the promising line S113 (4.03 µg g-1 fresh tissue) was observed maximum followed by S 151 (3.65 µg g-1 fresh tissue) and S41-2 (3.63 µg g-1 fresh tissue) . Expression of Cry 1Ac estimation in boll tissue of the promising line S9 (5.97 µg g-1 fresh tissue) was observed maximum followed by S 35-2 (5.56 µg g-1 fresh tissue) and S97 (5.04 µg g-1 fresh tissue). The concentration of Cry 2Ab varied in different promising lines across the different leaf, square and boll tissue. Cry 2Ab expression was observed maximum in leaf and square sample as compare to boll sample under consideration. Expression of Cry 2Ab estimation in leaf tissue of the promising line S113 (784.05 µg g-1 fresh tissue) was observed maximum followed by S3 ( 764.10 µg g-1fresh tissue) and S4 (663.08 µg g-1 fresh tissue) . Analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic differences for seed cotton yield (kg/ha), lint yield (kg/ha), seed cotton yield per plant (g), number of bolls per plant, boll weight (g), ginning out turn (%), plant height (cm), number of monopodia per plant, number of sympodia per plant, sympodial length (cm), test weight, lint index, days to first flowering, days to 50 % flowering, days to first boll bursting and earliness index indicating presence of genetic variability among the genotypes under testing. Out of 152 (S 1 to S 152) positive Cry1ac and Cry2Ab genotypes seventeen genotypes observed promising (above 20 Q /ha) for seed cotton yield (kg/ha) as compared to the BG II hybrid checks Jadoo BGII (2363 kg/ha) & NHH 44 BG II (1743 kg/ha). The performance of fourteen Cry 1Ac + Cry 2Ab transgene positive genotypes observed promising (above 800 kg/ha) for lint yield (kg/ha) as compared to the BG II hybrid checks Jadoo BG II (876 kg/ha) & NHH 44 BG II (620 kg/ha). The performance of twenty Cry 1Ac + Cry 2Ab transgene positive genotypes observed promising (above 30 bolls / plant) number of bolls per plant. Twelve BG II converted genotypes depicted above 5.00 g of the boll weight Eight Genotypes were found above 39 % ginning out turn. Performance of thirteen genotypes observed (above 100 g) for seed cotton yield per plant (g) as compared to the BG II hybrid checks Jadoo BGII (110.73 g) & NHH 44 BG II (82.20 g). Results were statistically significant for the plant height over the varietal checks PKV 081 bt (110.33 cm), Suraj Bt (117.00 cm), NH 615 (86.00 cm) and NH 545 (118.00 cm) whereas, over hybrid checks Jadoo BGII (134.00 cm), NHH 44 BG II (129.33 cm), NHH 44 (133.00 cm) and NHH 250 (129.00 cm) no any genotype observed statistically significant for plant height (cm). Genotypes viz., S 148 (9.50 g), S 37 (9.33 g) and S 36 (9.17 g) showed statistically significant test weight (g) over the BG II hybrid check, Jadoo BG II (8.17 g). Range of the mean number of monopodia per plant was observed from 0.27 (S 1, S 7, S 13 and S 64) to 1.53 (S 104 and S 116). The range of the mean number of sympodia per plant varied between 13.40 (S 104) to 24.27 (S 152). Ten genotypes observed bearing short sympodia. The range of lint index was found in between 3.24 g (S 8) to 6.31 g (S 29). High yielding genotypes viz., S 76 (2453 kg/ha), S 73 (2430 kg/ha), S 71 (2424 kg/ha), S 24 (2213 kg /ha), S 107 (2210 kg/ha) observed early between 60 to 65 DAS for first flower initiation whereas test genotypes S 80 (2419 kg/ha), S 35 (2275 kg/ha), S 79 (2214 kg/ha), S 68 (2200 kg/ha), S 81 (2124 kg/ha) observed 66 to 70 DAS for first flower initiation and high yielding genotypes S 78 (2356 kg/ha), S 70 (2025 kg/ha) were observed late category more than 71 DAS for first flower initiation. The range for the 50 % flowering days limits observed from 76.00 DAS (S 81) to 103.00 DAS (S 149) among the test genotypes. Out of 152 genotypes tested, 04 genotypes observed less than 110 DAS for first boll bursting whereas 54 genotypes observed less than 160 DAS for first boll bursting , Eighty eight genotypes observed plant maturity between 160 to 170 DAS and Ten genotypes under testing observed late maturity between 170 to 180 DAS. The range of the earliness index was observed from 0.37 (S 53) to 0.85 (S 11). Out of 152 genotypes tested, 10 genotypes observed very high earliness index (between 0.81 to 0.90) .Fibre quality of the 45 genotypes observed long staple length (between 27.5 mm to 32.0 mm). 85 genotypes observed fine miconaire (between 3.0 to 3.9 µg/inch). Genotype S 87 (29.2 g/tex) showed good bundle strength. The genotypes observed promising for pest and diseases tolerance coupled with the higher seed cotton yield would provide the source for the parental material to develop the BG II hybrids . These Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab genotypes promising for the development of the straight varieties and intra hirsutum BG II hybrids as source parental material to the breeders.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on stability analysis of yield and yield contributing traits in post rainy sorghum(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-12-21) Patil, Sudhir Awachitrao; Kalpande, H.V.The present investigation entitled “Studies on stability analysis of yield and yield contributing traits in post rainy sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) mutants” was undertaken at Department of Agricultural Botany, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth Parbhani. The experiment was carried out with the objective of estimation of stability, correlation and path analysis. Initially, Parbhani Moti, the popular rabi sorghum variety, had been irradiated with gamma rays (100GY, 200GY, 300GY 400GY, 500GY) at NABTD, BARC, Mumbai and treated with chemical mutagen, ethyl methane sulphonate (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 & 0.5 %) and their combinations (100GY+0.1%EMS, 100GY+0.2%EMS, 200GY+0.1%EMS, 200GY+0.2%EMS) at department of Agricultural Botany, VNMKV, Parbhani under a collaborative project with BARC, Mumbai. In M4 generation, 60 promising high yielding mutants derived from the above mutagenized population along with four checks viz. M35-1, CSV-29R, Parbhani Moti and Super Moti were used as experimental material for this study. The above material was evaluated in randomized block design with two replications in eight environments during rabi 2020-21 viz., Aurangabad (E1), Golegaon (E2), Nanded (E3) and Parbhani (E4) and rabi 2021-22 Aurangabad (E5), Golegaon (E6), Nanded (E7) and Parbhani (E8). The observations were recorded on 17 characters i. e., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), leaf area in cm2, internodal length (cm), stem girth (cm), panicle length (cm), panicle breadth (cm), panicle weight (g) 1000 grain weight (g), grain yield per plant (g) biological yield per plant (g), harvest index (%), iron (mg/kg seed), zinc (mg/kg seed) and protein (%). Analysis of variance in individual and pooled environment revealed significant differences among the mutants for all the characters across the environments, indicated presence of genetic variability in the experimental material used for study. On the basis of mean performance for grain yield per plant, the mutant line 5-21 recorded highest grain yield per plant (96.7 g) followed by PME-5-32 (93.4 g), PME-5-36 (89.0), PME-5-16 (88.6 g), PME,5-24 (84.2 g) and PMG,3-6-25. (84.0). The mutant line PME-5-26 (52.0 mg/kg seed) recorded highest iron (Fe) content followed by PMG-6-26-18 (51.3 mg/kg seed) and PME-5-5 (49.8, mg/kg seed) whereas, the mutant line PME-5-36 (24.0 mg/kg seed) recorded highest zinc content followed by PME-5-38 (23.2 mg/kg seed), PME-5-18 and PME5-43 (23.1 mg/kg seed) and the mutant line PME-5-1 (17.2 %) recorded highest protein content followed by PME-5-38 (16.1 %), PME-7-3 (15.6 %) and PME-7-1 (15.5 %) among all the lines. The environmental index for all the eight environments reported that, the E5 environment is best for most of the characters viz. internodal length, stem girth, panicle length, panicle breadth, panicle weight, grain yield per plant, biological yield per plant, iron (Fe) content and zinc (Zn) content. Whereas, E1 is best for the characters viz. plant height, stem girth (5.8 cm), panicle length (17.1 cm) and protein content, while E3 environment is best for days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity and harvest index, the environment E4 is best for the characters days to maturity and 1000 grain weight. The environment E8 is best for leaf area and stem girth and the environment E7 is best for the character fodder yield per plant. Mutants viz. PME-5-21, PME-5-32, PME-5-36, PME-5-16, PME-5-24, PME-5-29 and PME-3-7, PMG-3-6-25 and PME-5-65 were found stable for the grain yield over the environments. Out of 60 mutants only two mutants PME-9-1 and PME-10-9 were stable for iron content over the environments. Total 11 mutants were found stable for zinc content, out of which PME-5-18 had recorded highest zinc content which was followed by PME-5-65, PMG-9-18-21 & PMG-6-9-15 Total 24 mutants were found stable for protein content including stable performance of 5 mutants PME-7-3, PME-4-2, PME-7-1, PME-10-15 and PME-5-16 over the environment. The pooled correlation revealed that, the grain yield per plant had significant and positive correlation both at genotypic and phenotypic levels with plant height, stem girth, panicle length, panicle breadth, panicle weight, 1000 grain weight, fodder yield per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index. On the other hand, grain yield per plant had highly significant and negative correlation both at genotypic and phenotypic levels with days to 50 per cent flowering and internodal length, it indicates selection of these characters helps to enhance the yield. The path coefficient analysis revealed that, biological yield per plant and harvest index at genotypic level while panicle weight, fodder yield per plant and harvest index at phenotypic level exhibited high and positive direct effects on grain yield per plant. Thus, these characters turned-out to be the major components of grain yield per plant and direct selection for these traits will be rewarding for yield improvement. The path analysis on the genotypic level for pooled environments indicates that, the character panicle weight exhibiting indirect effect on grain yield per plant via character internodal length followed by days to 50 per cent flowering, 1000 grain weight and protein content. Whereas, on the phenotypic level for pooled environment panicle weight exhibiting indirect effect on grain yield per plant via character biological yield per plant followed by stem girth, panicle length, fodder yield per plant plant height, zinc content and panicle breadth.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic variability study for yield and yield contributing characters in soybean (Glycine max (L.) merrill)(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-29) Gogulakonda Saicharan; Dhuppe, M.V.The present investigation wasconducted to estimate the extent of geneticvariability,heritability,geneticadvance,characterassociationandpathanalysis.Theexperimentalmaterialcomprisingof29genotypeswereevaluatedatOilseedsResearchStation, Latur during kharif-2021. The material was sown in randomized block design withthreereplications,on20thjune,2021.Observationswererecordedforcharacters Viz.,daysto 50% flowering, plant height, days to maturity,number of branches per plant, number ofpodsperplant,numberofpodspercluster,100-seedweight(g),seedyieldperplant(g),oilcontent(%).Substantialamountofgeneticvariabilityhadbeenfoundfor all the characters, which was indicated by significant difference among and betweentreatments. Mean sum of square of genotype revealed highly significant for most of thecharacters under study which show the presence of sufficient amount of variability among thegermplasm lines (experimental material) and hence provide an opportunity to improve thecharacter through selection. A wide range of mean values among the genotypes for differentcharacters i.e., plant height, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of podsper plant, showed presence of high amount of variability among the genotypes and offer thescopefordifferent yieldcontributing characters improvement insoybean. (Keywords: Soybean, Variability, Heritability, Correlation analysis, Path analysis) The estimates of GCV and PCV were recorded high for number of pods perplant,numberofpodspercluster,and seed yield per plant.Higher heritability estimates were observed for all the traits under the study. However, highgenetic advance as percent of mean was noted for characters like number of pods per plant,plant height,seed yield per plant, and low to moderate for days to 50%flowering,days to maturity,number ofbranches perplant,oil content. Correlation studies indicated that number of mature pods per plant, number ofpodspercluster,oilcontenthadhighlysignificantpositiveassociationwithseedyield per plant. Path coefficient analysis revealed high positive direct effect of number ofmature podsper plantfollowedbynumber ofpodsper cluster, seedyieldper plantatphenotypicand genotypiclevel.ThesisItem Open Access Stability analysis for yield and yield contributing characters in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-29) Mahanthesh G R; Ghodke, M.K.The present investigation was conducted to estimate the stability of Linseed genotypes over different environments, character association by correlation and path analysis. The experimental material comprising of 25 genotypes and three check varieties were evaluated at E1 (Safflower research scheme, VNMKV Parbhani), E2 (Oilseed Research station, Latur), E3 (Oil seeds research sub-station, Ambajogai) during Rabi- 2021. The material was sown in randomized block design with two replications, on 21st of October, 2021. Observations were recorded for eight characters Viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of capsules per plant, number of seed per capsule, 1000-seed weight, oil content (%) and seed yield per plot (gm). Analysis of variance revealed that the variances due to genotypes were highly significant for all character studied. The variance due to environment were highly significant for all characters, whereas genotype x environment interaction variances were also significant for all characters except plant height (cm), 1000 seed weight (gm) and oil content (%). The analysis of variances for stability revealed that variances due to environment + (genotype x environment) were highly significant for all characters, while the environment (linear) was significant for all characters except 1000 seed weight (gm), indicating that a major part of variation could be attributed to linear regression. The significance of G x E interaction (linear) for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule,seed yield per plot (gm) suggesting that, the genotypes differed greatly in their linear response to different environments. On the basis of mean performance and stability analysis, the genotypes EC-41659, GS-54, GS-66, GS-52, LSL-93 had high mean for seed yield per plot was quite stable across the environment and the genotypes GS-49 had regression coefficient greater than unity saying it is specifically adopted to favorable environment and poorly adopted to unfavorable environment. From the results of character association, it is concluded that seed yield per plot can be increased by improving number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, 1000 seed weight (gm) so these traits should be considered for developing high yielding varieties because besides having high genotypic values they also had high positive direct effect on seed yield per plot. Correlation studies indicated that number of seeds per capsule, 1000- seed weight, and number of capsules per plant had highly significant positive association with seed yield per plant. However, traits days to 50% flowering, days to maturity exhibited significant negative association with seed yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis revealed high positive direct effect of number of capsules per plant followed by number of 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per capsule and number of primary branches for seed yield per plot.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic stability and their relation to yield in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-29) Maddam Venkateswara Rao; Wadikar, P.B.The present investigation was conducted to estimate the stability, character association and path analysis. The experimental material comprising of 31 genotypes were evaluated at Experimental farm Department of Agril. Botany, College of Agriculture, Latur, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai and College of Agriculture, Osmanabad during Rabi- 2021. The material was sown in randomized block design with two replications in three locations. Observations were recorded for ten characters Viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of capsules per plant, number of seed per capsule, 1000-seed weight, oil content (%) and seed yield per plant. Substantial amount of genetic variability had been found for all the characters, which was indicated by significant difference among and between treatments. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters in all three environments studied indicating the presence of genetic variability in the studied material. The variance due to environment were highly significant for all the characters and the variance due to genotype x environment were highly significant for all the characters except oil content (%) indicating differential response of environment. The analysis of variance for stability revealed that mean sum of squares due to environment + (genotype × environment) were highly significant forall characters, while due to environment (linear) was significant for all characters indicates linear variation among genotypes. The studies on estimate of stability parameters revealed that none of the genotype was stable for all characters, however the genotypes GS-36, Mutant-4 and RLC-92 were stable and early for days to 50 per cent flowering and FX-16 and GS-105 for days to maturity showed stable performance and also identified as early genotypes. The genotypes FRW-09 and LSL-19-604 reported stable performance for plant height, while FRW-09 for number of primary branches per plant and Binwa and LSL-19-604 for number of secondary branches per plant. The genotypes EX-301- 1, EC-1628 showed average stability and are expected to perform well in all environments for number of capsules per plant. TL-189 and FRW-12 were specially adapted to poor environment for number of seeds for capsule. GS- 49 and FRW-12 were specially adapted to favourable environment for 1000 seed weight. EC-567 had average stability in all environments for oil content. Regarding the most important character seed yield per plant the genotypes TL-189 and Pratapalsi-2 showed well adaptability to all environments with higher mean values. The correlation and path analysis for the traits viz., number of capsules per plant, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant and 1000 seed weight indicated that direct selection based on these attributes may be helpful in evolving high yielding genotypes in linseed.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic variability of qualitative trait in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-29) Patil, Aniket Rajgonda; Wadikar, P.B.The present investigation was conducted to estimate the extent of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, character association and path analysis. The experimental material comprising of 31 genotypes were evaluated at Experimental farm Department of Agril. Botany, College of Agriculture, Latur during Rabi- 2021. The material was sown in randomized block design with two replications, on 29th of October, 2021. Observations were recorded for ten characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of capsule per plant, number of seed per capsule, 1000-seed weight (gm), oil content (%) and seed yield per plant (gm). Substantial amount of genetic variability had been found for all the characters, which was indicated by significant difference among and between treatments. The mean performance of the genotypes confirmed higher seed yield per plant for EC- 41741, JLS- 395, ES- 1445, EI- 5511 and FR- 111. The genotype EC- 41741 recorded best mean values in desirable direction for seed yield per plant, 1000 seed weight (gm), number of primary branches per plant and number of capsule per plant. Genotypes like JLS- 395 and ES- 1445 were also seen promising for the characters like days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, capsule per plant, 1000 seed weight (gm) and oil content in the desired direction. The estimates of GCV and PCV were recorded high for seed yield per plant, number of primary branches, number of capsule per plant, number of secondary branches and 1000 seed weight. Higher heritability estimates were observed for all the traits under the study. However, high genetic advance as per cent of mean was noted for number of capsule per plant, plant height(cm), days to maturity, and number of secondary branches. Whereas moderate for days to 50% flowering, oil content, seed yield per plant and number of primary branches, were the characters number of seed per capsule, and 1000-seed weight is low. Correlation studies indicated that number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, 1000-seed weight (gm) and number of capsule per plant had highly significant positive association with seed yield per plant. However, traits days to 50% flowering, days to maturity exhibited significant negative association with seed yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis revealed high positive direct effect of number of capsule per plant followed by number of 1000-seed weight, number of seed per capsule and number of primary branches for seed yield per plant(gm).ThesisItem Open Access Stability analysis for fruit yield and related traits in okra (abelmoschus esculentus L. moench)(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-29) Zate, Arun Khanduji; Pole, S.P.The present investigation entitled, “Stability analysis for fruit yield and related traits in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)” was undertaken with the objectives to study stability parametersand the character association for fruit yield and its related traits. The experimental material comprising 42 genotypes including one check were evaluated in Randomized Block Design during two crop seasons i.e., Kharif-2021 and Summer-2022 at two locations i.e., Latur and Parbhani comprising three different environments viz., E1 (Latur Kharif-2021), E2 (Parbhani Kharif-2021) and E3 (Latur summer-2022). Data were recorded on ten quantitative characters viz., days to first picking, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, plant height, number of nodes per plant, internodal length and fruit yield per plant. Analysis of variances revealed that genotypes were found highly significant for all the characters in all three environments. Analysis of variance pooled over environment also revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the characters indicated significance variation among the genotypes irrespective of environment. Similarly, significant mean sum of squares due to environment was found in the expression of all the traits. However significant G x E interaction was found for all the studied traits indicated differential response of genotypes to the varying environmental conditions. Analysis of variance for stability parameter revealed significant differences among the genotypes with response to expression of all the traits across the environments. Significant G x E interaction for all the traits indicated differential response of genotype to varying environmental condition. Significant G x E linear and pooled deviation for different characters implies that genotype differ greatly in their linear response to environment and performance of these genotype across the environment is unpredictable in nature. Estimates of environmental indices revealed that kharif 2021 at Parbhani (E2) was proved to be best environment to realize increase in fruit yield per plant. Similarlykharif Latur 2021 (E1) was also noticed better for expression of fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, plant height and number of branches per plant. The study of stability parameters indicated that the genotypes PBNLF-125 and PBNLF-119 were identified as average stable for fruit yield per plant also found to be average stabile for one or more yield contributing traits across the environments. Themaximum number of genotypes have shown average stability for number of fruits per plant, plant height and internodal length. The study of character associationin individual as well as pooled over environmentsrevealed that the fruit yield per plant was strongly associated with all the character except days to first pickingboth at genotypic and phenotypic levelssuggesting the importance of number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit weight, plant height, number of branches per plant and internodal length in genetic improvement of fruit yield per plant in okra.ThesisItem Open Access Stability analysis studies in sesame (sesamum indicum L.)(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-29) Chaudhari, Bhushan Dhanraj; Ghodke, M.K.The present investigation on “Stability analysis studies in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)” were undertaken by using twenty sesame entries including checks with objectives to study the stability of sesame entries in different environment and to study the correlation and path analysis for yield and yield contributing characters. To study the stability analysis of twenty sesame entries including checks were evaluated in randomized block design with two replication at Oilseeds Research Staion, Latur during three environments viz. E1 (Summer 2021), E2 (Kharif 2021) and E3 (Rabi 2021-22). The data were recorded on the characters viz. days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, length of capsule (cm), number of seeds per capsule, 1000 seed weight (g), oil content (%) and seed yield per plant (g). The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters in all three environments. The variances due to environment + (genotype × environment) were significant for all characters, the variences due to G × E interaction were significant for all characters except 1000-seed weight and the variences due pooled deviation were significant for most of the characters studied. According to Eberhart and Russell (1966) stability parameters (mean, regression and deviation from regression) the genotypes TBS-09 and TS-14 were found stable for average environmental condition (for number of branches per plant, capsule length, 1000-seed weight and seed yield per plant), the genotypes TBS-07 and TS-14 were found stable for favourable environmental condition (for number of capasules per plant) and the genotypes TBS-10, TBS-12 and JLT-408(c) were found stable for poor environmental condition (for days to 50% flowering and days to maturity). The study of environment wise character association revealed that the characters plant height, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant and 1000 seed weight showed significant positive association with seed yield per plant in all the environments. The study of environment wise path coefficient analysis indicated that plant height, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant and number of seeds per capsule had positive direct effect with seed yield per plant in all the three environments. The correlation and path analysis for the traits viz., plant height, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant and number of seeds per capsule indicated that direct selection based on these attributes may be helpful in evolving high yielding genotypes in sesame.ThesisItem Open Access Diallel analysis for yield and yield component traits in okra (abelmoschus esculentus (L.) moench)(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-25) Mundhe, Sanket Sarang; Pole, S.P.The present investigation was conducted at experimental research farm of Agriculture Botany College of Agriculture Latur, during kharif 2021 (Crossing) and summer 2022 (evaluation), with a view to study the genetic parameters viz., heterosis, combining ability, heritability and gene action of nine parental lines and their resultant crosses through half diallel mating design in a Randomized block design with two replications. Analysis of variance for yield and yield components showed significant differences among the genotypes which indicated the presence of considerable variability in the material under study which means selection can be carried out with those generations. The data was investigated for nine quantitative parameters along with percent incidence of yellow vein mosaic disease and fruit borer pest from 5 randomly selected plants. Observations recorded on parameters viz., plant height (cm), internodal length (cm), number of nodes per plant, number of branches per plant, fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (mm), number of fruits per plant, fruit weight (gm), fruit yield per plant (gm). The experimental data was analyzed by statistical method suggested by Panse and Sukhatme (1985). Data analyzed for combining ability following Method II and Model I of Griffing (1956). Analysis on heterosis (%) expressed over better parent was done as per methods of Turner (1953) and Hays et al., (1955). Similarly per cent heterosis over standard cultivar was calculated. Mean performance was recorded on both parents as well as on crosses. Different number of parents and crosses performed better for different characters. The parent IC-3769-A found to be the good general combiner for the trait fruit yield per plant with maximum significant gca effect. Heterosis is the superiority of F1 over its parents. In present investigation, the cross combinations Parbhani Kranti x IC-3769-A, Arka Abhay x Varsha Uphar, and Parbhani Kranti x Arka abhay displayed the significant positive heterosis for most of the traits. The crosses Arka Abhay x Arka Anamika, EC-305672 x Phule Vimukta, Arka Abhay x Varsha Uphar exhibited significant negative heterosis for characters such as internodal length, YVMV incidence and fruit borer severity. Combining ability is the ability of parent or cultivar to combine well with each other during hybridization process. From the current investigation, the parents Arka Anamika, IC-3769-A and Phule Vimukta were found to be the good general combiners as they displayed significant gca effects in desirable direction for most of the characters like plant height, number of branches per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight. From the studies on specific combining ability it was observed that cross combination Parbhani Kranti x IC-3769-A, Arka Abhay x Varsha Uphar, Varsha Uhar x Phule Vimukta were best specific combinations for most of the traits. All of the characters studied displayed low heritability in narrow sense, it showed that there is preponderance of non-additive gene action most of the characters like yield attributing characters shown medium narrow sense heritability.The variance due to gca was highly significant for all the characters except number of fruits per plant and fruit yield per plant. Whereas, variance for sca was significant for all the characters studied. The magnitude of gca variances were lower than sca variances for all the characters indicated preponderance of non-additive gene action. Dominance variance (σ2 D) was greater than additive variance (σ2 A) for all the characters indicated the preponderance of dominance variance over additive variance.
