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ThesisItem Open Access Export performance of cereal crops in India(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Agam, Priyanka Ashokrao; Perke, D.S.The history of Indian exports is very old. During ancient times India exported spices to other parts of the world India is the second largest in wheat, rice and seven in maize export. The Export-Import Policy (EXIM Policy), announced under the Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation Act), 1992, would reflect the extent of regulations or liberalization of foreign trade and indicate the measures for export promotion. Export intensity has been closely associated with foreign market knowledge. It is an essential resource for internationalization. As a result of economic liberalization, the agricultural reforms have come upfront in India. The reforms aimed at generating a favorable policy framework for agricultural development and were expected to provide a powerful thrust to growth and modernization of agriculture in future through favorable terms of trade. Indian trade policy for agricultural commodities is guided by the twin objectives of ensuring national food security and building export markets for enhancing the farmer’s income. In global market, there is huge demand for cereals and it is creating a favorable environment for the export of Indian cereals viz., wheat, rice, maize. It is an opportunity for the country to increase the production of cereals and their export share in total cereal exports of the world. The present study emphasis on export performance of cereal crops in India. In addition to this, compound growth rate and instability index, Export Performance analysis, Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC), Markov Chain analysis were used. The objectives of study were analysed with the help of secondary data collected for the years from 1990-91 to 2019-20. The absolute change in area, production, productivity and export of annual compound growth rates in area of maize was 0.95, 2.93, 1.22 and 1.98 per cent per annum during periods I, period II, period III and overall period at national level. The production of maize was significantly increased in period second. Thus, at overall level, increase in production was due to improvement in yield and area expansion. Wheat crop revealed the area expansion growth by 1.71, 1.20, 0.30 and 0.88 per cent per annum in period I, period II, period III and overall period. The production growth of wheat was much faster than area growth in India. The area of rice in India was increased by 0.08 per cent per annum during overall period. The production of rice was increased at the rate 2.07 per cent per annum and it was possible due to yield improvement by 1.98 per cent per annum in overall period. Yield improvement was main reason for increase in production of rice. Maize export in terms of quantity, value and unit price grew at a positive and significant growth rate 40.66 per cent, 13.16 per cent and 1.99 per cent per annum during the overall period. It revealed that, export growth in terms of quantity and value was much higher than unit price in entire period. Export unit price of wheat recorded positive but non-significant growth in period I the export of wheat in terms of quantity and export value was declined by 71.10 and 67.47 per cent during period II respectively. The export unit price of wheat grew significantly at the rate of 12.54 per cent per annum in the same period. The quantity as well as export value of wheat showed positive but non-significant growth in period III. During overall period, the rice export in terms of quantity, value and unit price displayed positive and highly significant growth of 10.41 per cent, 13.16 per cent and 2.46 per cent per annum Maize crop showed low level of instability in area as compared to production and yield during entire period. In India, area under wheat crop was found relatively stable as CDVI was 1.85, 1.87 and 2.52 per cent in consecutive periods. Fluctuations in area of wheat were slightly increased over the period of time. Instability in production and productivity of rice at national level was increased during period III of study compared to period I. The export instability in terms of quantity of maize was higher in period I, which was further declined in period II and period III. Export value Instability of maize was declined over the period of time. Instability indices of wheat revealed that, the export unit price was more stable as compared to export quantity and export value in three sub-sequent periods and overall period. The export instability in terms of quantity of rice was higher in period I. instability in export value of rice was declined over the period of time and it became more stable in period III. Rice export indicated that, the fluctuations in export quantity and export value were quite higher as compared to export unit price in entire study period. Indian maize found comparatively disadvantageous in international market due to the low production and less productivity of seed variety over last three decade. Indian maize became disadvantages in the international market due to relatively weak international prices Indian wheat had a comparative disadvantage as the estimated RCAs were less than unity during entire study period. India was not comparatively advantages in wheat export throughout the study period. The Export Performance Ratio (EPR) for export of rice was estimated to compare the export competitiveness of India. The estimated RCAs were higher than unity revealed that, the Indian rice had a comparative advantage during entire study period. The positive values of RSCA gave a clear indication of comparative advantage of Indian rice, which was increased over the period of time. It highlighted the fact that, India was competitive in rice export throughout the study period and India had great potential in rice export globally. Maize was moderately competitive in global market as farmers received less price in domestic market. It indicated that, Indian maize trade was advantageous. the NPC values of maize was observed to be 0.76 during the overall period which implied that, maize was moderately competitive in global market as farmers received less price in domestic market (867.14 Rs/Qtl) than the global price (1135.37 Rs/Qtl).The NPC value for wheat was 1.00 and 0.96 during period I and period III which showed that, wheat was moderately competitive in international market. The value of NPC for rice in first period was 0.82 which indicated that, rice was moderately competitive in global market. Bangladesh, Vietnam and Malaysia were the only countries that were found to be the loyal markets among the major importing countries of Indian maize and Jordan, UAE and Turkey were the loyal markets of Indian wheat. South Africa, Bangladesh and Kenya were the only countries that were found to be the loyal markets among the major importing countries of Indian rice during period I. Saudi Arabia, Russia, Sri Lanka and Indonesia were the most unstable importers. For Appropriate export promotion policies need to be evolved to diversify the trade concentration to the other countries and also to find new markets besides expanding the existing markets in major importing countries.ThesisItem Open Access Trade and domestic market : An econometric analysis of jute in India(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-09-06) Baviskar, Paresh Pundlikrao; Perke, D.S.Jute (Corchorus spp.) is a dicotyledonous natural fiber crop which is popularly known as the golden fiber. Among the different textile fiber production in the world, Jute stands second after cotton. Jute occupies nearly 0.4 per cent of the total area under agricultural land in the country. It is not only the strongest but also the cheapest fiber of all the other natural fibers. Before independence, nearly 99 per cent of the total world’s jute production was from India alone but after partition, the major jute producing states of the country went to West Pakistan which is now known as Bangladesh. Later, in 2012 India topped the position in jute production by contributing nearly 55 per cent to the total world’s production of jute (FAOSTAT, 2014). Among the important jute producing countries in the world, India had gained the first position in 2020 by contributing a share of 67.21 and 49.47 per cent to the world’s total production and area of jute, respectively. The major jute exporting countries in the world were Bangladesh, India, United Republic of Tanzania, Kenya, Belgium and Indonesia. Bangladesh dominated the group of major jute exporting countries with 69 per cent share to the total world export of jute. Next to Bangladesh was India which contributed nearly 11 per cent share to the world’s total export. Therefore, 80 per cent of total jute export of the world was captured by only two countries, Bangladesh and India. The study was conducted at all India level using secondary data collected from different sources for the period of 30 years (1989-90 to 2018-19). For the meaningful interpretation of data, the study period has been divided into three sub periods and overall period i.e., period I (1989-90 to 1998-99), period II (1999-2000 to 2008-09), period III (2009-10 to 2018-19) and overall period (1989-90 to 2018 -19). The compound growth rate of area, production, productivity, international trade of jute was estimated to study the growth. The Coppock’s Instability Index and Cuddy Della Valle Index were calculated in order to find out instability in the time series. Export Performance Ratio (EPR) was used to measure the comparative advantage of Indian jute. Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC) was employed to measure export competitiveness of Indian jute. The trade direction of exports wereanalysed using the first order Markov chain analysis. To find out the factors affecting the exports of jute from India were recognized using Cobb- Douglas type of demand function. The concentration of the Indian jute market was deliberated by determining the Hirschman’s –Herfindahl Index (HHI) and the extent of inequality in jute export was studied by means of Theil’s entropy index. The result showed that, the compound growth rates for area were negative indicating significant decreasing trend during period II, Period III and overall period. The production and productivity of jute crop shown significant increasing trend in all the states and India as a whole during all the periods except production during Period III recorded negative growth rate. All the parameters viz., export quantity, export value, export unit price, import quantity, import value and import unit price shown positive growth rates during overall period and found to be significant at 1 per cent level of significance. There was less variability in area, production and productivity during the study period and the decreasing trend in variability of jute during different periods under study i.e., period I, period II and period III has been recorded. All the parameters viz., export quantity, export value, import quantity and import value have experienced high instability while the export unit price and import unit price registered stability during the study periods. During the study period, the most notable rate of growth in terms jute exported from India to major importing countries was attained by Nepal among the top 5 jute importing countries from India. However, the remaining countries viz., Pakistan, USA, Australia and UAE had experienced negative growth rates. During the study period, all the major importing countries viz., Nepal, Pakistan, USA, Australia and UAE had experienced the high rate of instability in export quantity, value and unit price. The import quantity, import value and import unit price of jute imported in India from Bangladesh had shown positive and significant growth rates during overall study period, indicated that, India has been a net importer of jute. The Indian jute had comparativeadvantage and competitiveness in the international market. Nepal was the most loyal market for Indian jute among the seven major Indian jute importing countries. Factors viz; jute share in India’s agricultural export, exchange rate, inflation rate and ratio of domestic price to export price were found to be positively influencing export of Indian jute.Nepal had the lowest share of market in the initial years of study which increased gradually and became the highest shareholder of Indian jute market at the end of study period.The Indian jute market was highly concentratedin a handful of countries. The values of both TEI and CEI were found to be less than unity over all the years of study period addressing less diversification of Indian jute towards other countries. The main conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that there is need for policy maker to formulate development-oriented policy and researcher to design investigative research activity for promoting sustainable jute production system in the region for stability of area under jute cultivation.There is a lot of volatility in global jute trade. Therefore, to capture the higher share in the world trade, much emphasis needs to be given on standardization and simplification in export procedure so as to gain access of export to the countries, where jute can fetch better price. Appropriate export promotion policies need to be evolved to diversify the trade concentration to the other countries and also to find new markets besides expanding the existing markets in major importing countries.ThesisItem Open Access Economic analysis of production marketing of mushroom production in chandrapur district of Maharashtra(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Kumare, Nisha Mahesh; More, S.S.Mushrooms are the fruiting bodies of macro fungi. They include both edible/medicinal and poisonous species. Edible mushrooms once called the “food of the gods” and still treated as a garnish or delicacy can be taken regularly as part of the human diet or be treated as healthy food or as functional food. Today there are many species of mushroom are cultivated for edible, medicinal and many nutritive value. At present many types of mushroom varieties cultivated in India. Pleurotus spp. (Oyster mushroom): It is commonly known as Dhingri is an important edible mushroom gaining popularity in recent years because of its high nutritional value and ability to grow on diverse agricultural wastes. A sample of 60 respondents was selected randomly. They were categorized into small,medium and large respondents selected for the oyster mushroom growers of Chandrapur district and from near Nagpur district was also included.The primary data was collected with the help of pre-tested schedule. The required data for socio-economic characteristics, cost and returns and constraints of oyster mushroom growers were collected for the year 2021-22. Result revealed that theaverage of mushroom entrepreneurs estimated was for small 32.25, medium 32 and for large 32.35 which states that the experienced person as well as new generation were engaged in the mushroom cultivation. The majority of the farmers are young (0-5 years) experience 100 per cent in small category followed by medium category that was 85 per cent and in large category only 40 per cent respectively. Middle (6-10 years) experience from large category that was 45 per cent followed by experience medium category that was 15 per cent and from small category no one respondents having middle (6-10 years) experience and from old (>10 Years) experience only from large category having experience that was 15 per cent. Overall the majority of respondents having young (0-5 years) experience that was 75 per cent followed by middle (6-10 years) that was 20 per cent and old (>10 Years) experience that was 5 per cent. In regards to returns generated from oyster mushroom production per unit per annum the total income generation from main produce i.e. oyster mushroom was maximum found in group of large growers to be Rs 998100 and minimum in small group that was Rs 140341.50 and from mushroom by product i.e. manure it was maximum from large group Rs 22371 and minimum from small group Rs 3516. The gross returns estimated that was maximum in large units Rs 1020471 and minimum in small unit Rs 143857.50.The net returns estimated that was maximum in large units Rs 632427 and minimum in small unit Rs 50086.36 per unit with benefit-cost ratio 1.53, 1.88and 2.62 from small, medium and large category respectively. In case of marketing channelsit was reported that the maximum sale of mushroom of the small growers was via channel-I (20 per cent) followed by medium growers by channel-I(45 per cent), and large growers mostly used channel-III (40 per cent) for selling their produce. Also, with the overall number of growers, Channel-I (36 per cent) become the preferred channel that sells the maximum number of mushroom produces followed by channel-III (13 per cent) and least by Channel-II (11 per cent). The problem non-availability of skilled labor was expressed 90 per cent mushroom grower. Unavailability of disinfectantin nearby market 83.33 per cent. The result observed that, lack of awareness about nutritional value of mushrooms which was expressed by 91.66 per cent mushroom grower. Constraint which were faced by the mushroom growers in the marketing of mushroom were lack of direct marketing channels that was reported by 88.33 per cent because where is no availability of proper market of mushroom. Followed by lack of transportation facilities that was 81.66 per cent. The problem of fluctuation of price that was reported 78.33 per cent.ThesisItem Open Access Economic analysis of arrivals and prices of major pulses in khammam apmc of Telangana state(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Somu Pooja; More, S.S.The edible seeds of leguminous-family plants are known as pulses. Pulses occur in a range of forms, dimensions, and hues and are grown in pods. They are grown all over the world and play a significant role in the human diet. Major nations producing pulses worldwide include Mexico, Turkey, China, India, and Brazil. Both the impoverished and vegetarians rely heavily on pulses as a source of protein. Pulses are a Smart Food because they are essential for the food basket (dal-roti, dal-chawal), a significant source of plant protein, and they aid with issues like diabetes, obesity, and other diseases. Pulses, also referred to as "Poor Man's Calorie" and "Rich Man's Vegetable," are substantial suppliers of proteins, vitamins, and minerals and considerably contribute to the nation's nutritional security. Pulses have a calorific value of 343 and contain more than 20% protein, more than 1% fat, 55–60% carbohydrates, 3.2% fiber, 300–500 mg of phosphorus per 100g, 7–10 mg of iron, 10-15 mg of vitamin C, 69–75 mg of calcium, and 430–489 IU of vitamin A. Present the study is about economic analysis of major pulses in APMC Khammam of Telangana state. The arrival and price data for selected major pulses were collected monthly from the official records of APMC, Khammam. Based on the availability of data, the latest 20 years of data from 2001-2002 to 2019-2020 were collected. The discussion regarding trends in arrivals and prices, growth rates, coefficient of variation, Coppock’s instability index, seasonal indices of market arrivals and prices, and forecasting of prices were calculated. Growth and Instability In Arrivals of Red Gram and Green Gram In APMC Khammam was objective of study, results revealed that average arrivals of Red gram were Maximum during April month (8291.40 qt) and minimum in December month (939.87qt), respectively in the case of average arrivals of Green gram was maximum in the month of September(8729.55qt) and was minimum in the month of June (627.64qt).The highest arrivals was seen in the year of 2003 and lowest arrivals in the year of 2020 for the Red gram. For Green gram the highest arrivals was seen in the year 2003 and lowest observed in the year of 2014. Growth and Instability In Prices of Red Gram and Green Gram in APMC Khammam was objective of study result obtained was the average prices of Red gram were continuously fluctuating ranging from (Rs.3258.9 to Rs.3567/qt) showing the highest during September month (Rs.3567.95/qt) and the lowest during December month (Rs.3258.9/qt). While the average prices of Green gram were uneven and fluctuating showing the highest during April (Rs.3867.5/qt) and the lowest during (Rs.3301.03/qt) September. Maximum Seasonal indices of red gram arrivals were found in the month of October (237.64 Per cent) and minimum in month of March (43.66 Per cent). Whereas, prices indices were maximum in the month of December (101.73 Per cent ).The maximum arrivals was during the October month which coincides with higher magnitude of arrivals indices (237.64 per cent), the price indices were not high during October. The highest seasonal indices of Green gram arrivals were observed during the month of May (351.12 Per cent). The Lowest seasonal indices of Green gram prices were observed during the month of September. The prices of green gram was observed maximum during the month of August (105.58 per cent) and lowest were observed in the month of March (95.66 per cent). The average predicted price of red gram has ranged between from Rs. Rs.6318/qt to Rs.6971/qt for the months from April 2021 to March 2022.The average predicted price of green gram has ranged between Rs.6458 /qt to Rs.6784 /qt for the months from April 2021 to March 2022.ThesisItem Open Access Trends in arrival and prices of major pulses in amravati district of Maharashtra(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-02-13) Idpachi, Nilesh Vilas; Thombre, R.F.Pulses are one of the most important food grain crops, which has higher nutrient contents. Pulses crops have been the backbone of several agricultural economics from antiquity and play a leading role in agricultural industries and trade throughout the world.India is the first largest pulses producing country in the world next to China, Australia and South Africa. The pulses account for 33 percent of Gross Crop Area (GCA), 27 percent of global production and India is also the largest consumer of pulses in the World. Various types of pulses are grown in India viz. Gram, Pigeon pea, Black gram, Green gram, Cowpea, Lentils, Field pea, etc. Maharashtra is second largest pulses crops growing state in India.The area, production and productivity of Gram in the year 2020-21was 20.43 lakh ha, 22.39 lakh tonnes and 1096 kg/ha respectively. The area, production and productivity of Pigeon pea in the year 2020-21 was 12 lakh ha,10.50 lakh tonnes and 880 kg/ha respectively in Maharashtra. In Amravati district of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra the major two pulses crops grown are Gram and Pigeon pea. Gram crop grown in rabi season and Pigeon pea grown in kharif season. It felt necessary that this study would help the farmers, organisers and market committees for taking appropriate decisions regarding marketing of Pulses. Amravati district is selected for present studies, In Amravati district arrival of different agricultural product (Pulses) are in good quantity as compared to other APMCs (Agricultural Produce Market Committees) in Maharashtra. Amravati and Daryapur APMC has highest arrivals and prices of pulses as compared to other APMCs so that they are selected for the research period.Based on secondary time series data compiled from the arrival and prices. Data were collected from the record of the selected market committee for research purpose. The monthly arrivals and prices data pretend for the periods 2001-2020 The data were compiled for each year. Data were analysed by using simple tabular analytical tools such as mean, frequencies, ratios, percentages etc. to arrive at a meaningful conclusion. In addition to this functional analysis was also be used for computation such as market arrivals and prices, seasonal indices and bivariate correlation coefficient. Conclude that, average arrivals of Pigeon pea were maximum in the month of Februaryand March in Amravati APMC and for Daryapur APMC. The lowest average arrivals were in the month of October and November for Amravati and Daryapur market respectively for both the APMCs and average prices were always seen fluctuating but the lean period of market arrivals showed better prices that the peak period. The annual growth rate for arrivals of Pigeon pea was positive in both the APMC but it was significant in Amravati and Daryapur market. That concludes increase in arrival of Pigeon pea over a period of time. The annual growth rate for prices was seen positive in both APMC and it is found significant for both the markets. Seasonal indices for arrivals of Pigeon pea in both the markets was seen during February to March and for prices it was seen highest in September and October. The harvesting period of Pigeon pea in nearby areas is December to January. So, the seasonal indices for arrivals were seen highest during that period. Highest prices were generally observed after March so we can say that in the peak period of arrivals the prices of these commodities are not highest.The Amravati and Daryapur shows high degree of association between them may be due to they are nearby markets. Therefore, the price signal is easily transferred between Amravati and Daryapur market. Gram, average arrivals were highest in the month of March and April for both APMCs. While prices are maximum in September to December in both APMC markets and harvesting period of Gram in nearby area is March. It shows that technique of storage of Gram for better prices is used. Annual growth rate for arrivals of Gram in Amravati market is positive and significant and in case of Daryapur the annual growth rate was positive that means increase in arrivals of Gram in both markets. While prices of Gram were significantly growing in both the markets was shown by significant annual growth rate of prices of Gram. The seasonal indices for arrivals of Gram in APMC Amravati was highest during April and for Daryapur APMC it was highest in April and May. While prices were highest in December for Amravati market and November for Daryapur market. There is high degree of association of prices of Gram in these two markets and it is found significant at one percent level of significance.ThesisItem Open Access Trends in arrival and prices of major oilseeds in Osmanabad district of Maharashtradispersion technology(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Vhatkar, Aniket Navnath; Thombre, R.F.Recently, oilseeds attracted more attention due to an increasing demand for their healthy vegetable oils, pharmaceuticals, livestock feeds, biofuels and other oleochemical industrial purposes. Oilseed crops have been the backbone of several agricultural economics from antiquity and play a leading role in agricultural industries and trade throughout the world. India is the fourth largest oilseed producing country in the world next to USA, China and Brazil. The oilseeds account for 13 per cent of Gross Crop Area (GCA), 3 per cent of Gross Net Product (GNP) and 10 per cent value of agricultural commodities. India has 20.8 per cent of worlds area under oilseed crops cultivation. It accounts for about 10 per cent of worldwide production. There are nine annual oilseed crops that can be grown in the country, including two non-edible oilseeds and seven edible oilseeds (groundnut, rapeseed, mustard, soybean, sunflower, sesame, and Niger) (castor and linseed). Maharashtra is one of the leading oilseed crops growing state in India. The area, production and productivity of soybean in the year 2020-21 was 41.2 lakh ha, 48.3 lakh tonnes and 1170 kg/ha respectively. The area, production and productivity of groundnut in the year 2020-21 was 2.9 lakh ha, 3 lakh tonnes and 1063 kg/ha respectively in Maharashtra. In Osmanabad district of Marathwada region of Maharashtra the major four oilseed crops grown are soybean, sunflower, safflower and groundnut. It felt necessary that this study would help the farmers, organisers and market committees for taking appropriate decisions regarding marketing of Oilseeds. Osmanabad district is selected for present studies, In Osmanabad district arrival of different agricultural product (Oilseeds) are in good quantity as compared to other APMCs (Agricultural Produce Market Committees) in Maharashtra. Osmanabad and Tuljapur APMC has highest arrivals and prices of oilseed as compared to other APMCs so that they are selected for the research period. Based on secondary time series data compiled from the arrival and prices. Data were collected from the record of the selected market committee for research purpose. The monthly arrivals and prices data pretend for the periods 2001-2020 The data were compiled for each year. Data were analysed by using simple tabular analytical tools such as mean, frequencies, ratios, per centages etc. to arrive at a meaningful conclusion. In addition to this functional analysis was also be used for computation such as market arrivals and prices, seasonal indices and bivariate correlation coefficient. Conclude that, average arrivals were maximum in the month of November in Osmanabad APMC and for Tuljapur APMC it is in November. The lowest average arrivals were in the month of May and July for Osmanabad and Tuljapur market respectively. for both the APMCs. And average prices were always seen fluctuating but the lean period of market arrivals showed better prices that the peak period. The annual growth rate for arrivals of Soybean was positive in both the APMC but it was significant in Tuljapur market and non-significant in Osmanabad market. That concludes increase in arrival of Soybean over a period of time. The annual growth rate for prices was seen positive in both APMC and it is found significant for both the markets. Seasonal indices for arrivals of soybean in both the markets was seen during October to November. And for prices it was seen highest in April. The harvesting period of Soybean in nearby areas is September to October. So, the seasonal indices for arrivals were seen highest during that period. Highest prices were generally observed after December so we can say that in the peak period of arrivals the prices of these commodities are not highest. The Osmanabad and Tuljapur shows high degree of association between them may be due to they are nearby markets. Therefore, the price signal is easily transferred between Osmanabad and Tuljapur market. Groundnut, average arrivals in Osmanabad market were highest during November and in Tuljapur market it is in April month. While prices are maximum in September to December in both APMC markets. The harvesting period of Groundnut in nearby area is March. It shows that technique of storage of Groundnut for better prices is used. Annual growth rate for arrivals of Groundnut in Osmanabad market is positive but not significant and in case of Tuljapur the annual growth rate is negative that means reduction in arrivals of Groundnut in both markets. While prices of Groundnut were significantly growing in both the markets was shown by significant annual growth rate of prices of Groundnut. The seasonal indices for arrivals of groundnut in APMC Osmanabad was highest during June and for Tuljapur APMC it was highest in April and May. While prices were highest in December for Osmanabad market and November for Tuljapur market. There is high degree of association of prices of Groundnut in these two markets and it is found significant at one per cent level of significance.ThesisItem Open Access An economic analysis of buffalo milk production beed district of Maharashtra(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-25) Anjan, Ajay Dattatray; Kamble, S.H.Livestock sector plays pivotal role in providing nutritive food rich, in animal protein and also helps in supplementing family incomes and generating gainful employment in the rural sector.The unique characteristic of Indian dairy is that the bulk of milk production in our country is handled by small milk producers who are illiterate and ignorant of economic aspects of milk production. The present study was conducted to find out cost, return and profitability in buffalo milk production in Beed district of Maharashtra. By adopting multistage random sampling 60 milk producer were selected from 12 villages. The selected milk producers there classified as small, medium and large, according their land holding. To arrive at valid conclusions, the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical and functional analysis. In total maintenancecost ₹111681.29 (83.41%) was variable cost and ₹22214.11 (16.59%) was fixed capital. The gross return obtained per farm from small and medium farmers was ₹144432.82 and ₹210366.69. The benefit cost ratio at overall level was 1.32 which show that buffalo rearing is profitable business as the magnitude of B:C ratio is more than one. Simple statistical approaches can be used to look at the milk producer's usage behavior and assess resource use efficiency. According to the size of the coefficients of multiple determination (R2), the explanatory variable in the model was responsible for 65 per cent of the variation in milk output atoverall level. In overall, the concentrate, human labour and medicine cost regression coefficients were found to be significant, but the dry fodder and green fodder regression coefficient was found to be non-significant. The study suggested that buffalo milk producers at overall level to increase use of concentrate for securing high milk yield.ThesisItem Open Access Trends in arrival and prices of pigeon pea in akola district of Maharashtra(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Solanke, Prafulla Laxman; Perke, D.S.The cultivation of the Pigeon pea goes back at least 3,500 years.Pigeon pea is grown in region of Maharashtra on 1195.50 (000’ha), with a production of 1084.32 (000’Tonnes) during 2019-20. The normal productivity was about 907 kg/ha. Highest production of Pigeon pea is from Maharashtra which is around 30 per cent of national production. Major District of Vidarbha region growing pulses crops is Akola, Amaravti, Washim, Buldana. In this study we are analyzing the arrivals and prices of pulses in Akola district of Maharashtra. The Akola district was purposely selected for present study, as it has a major proportion of the area under Pigeon Pea crop. The research is based on trends in arrival and prices of Akola, Murtijapur, Akot APMC’s. The arrivals and prices data for selected Pigeon pea crop year wise data were collected from the official records of APMC. Based on availability of data, latest 20 years data from 2001 to 2020 were collected.For analyzing the trend in arrivals and prices of agricultural commodities the compound growth rates of chosen agricultural commodities arrival and prices calculated by using linear and exponential function, seasonal indices were calculated through simple average method and coefficient of variation in arrivals and prices computed in order to assess variability. The selected markets under annual study of Akola, Murtijapur and Akot markets showed increasing trend in arrivals and prices. Among the selected markets the highest arrivals were in the year 2018–2019 (286.79 per cent), in Akot APMC market followed by Murtijapur APMC market (269.16 per cent), whereas the lean period of arrival in the year 2013 – 2014 (15.52 per cent) in Akot APMC.The highest indices of prices of Pigeon pea were registered in the year 2015-16 (241.13 per cent) in Murtijapur market, followed in 2015-16 (239.78 per cent) in Akola market. The lowest indices of arrivals were registered in the year 2001-02 (29.72 per cent) in Akot market. The correlation between arrivals and prices of Pigeon pea between Akola (0.75) and Akot (0.57) market showing the positive and statistically significant. There exists a high degree of association of prices between markets about i.e., Murtijapur and Akola 0.958, Murtijapur and Akot 0.932 and Akola and Akot 0.943, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access A study on performance of farmer producer onganizations in srikakulam district of Andra Pradesh(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Bendalam Kaviraju; Chavan, R.V.Farmer producer organization, as the tool enabling small-scale producers to organize and utilize group action to access high-value markets, the idea of FPO is a more market- and business-oriented sort of organization. Farmer organizations are acknowledged as the best groups to organize farmers and develop their capacity to collectively leverage their production and marketing. The majority of them are startups that receive funding from NGOs, government organizations, and sponsoring organizations. The National Policy and Process Guidelines (NPPG) for Farmer Producer Organizations served as the foundation for FPO mobilization, and the Government of India changed the Companies Act, 1956 during 2002, opening the way for "Producer Organization (PO)" to be formed. Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) may be eligible for financial support up to Rs 18.00 lakh per FPO over the course of three years under the Central Sector Scheme for ‘Formation and Promotion of FPOs’. The Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (DA&FW) provides advance release to the Implementing Agencies under the new FPO programme for the development and promotion of FPOs. All IAs have received a total disbursement of Rs. 249.08 Crores so far. There are 36 FPOs which were registered and functional in Andhra Pradesh and are functioning under SFAC, NABARD, Horticulture, SERP and APDMP. Out of these FPOs, Srikakulam district is in budding stage with 36 FPOs. Hence Srikakulam district has been selected purposively. Manyamdeepika FPO (691 members), Greenbird FPO (565 members) of Hiramandalam mandal, Manyamsahaja FPO (820 members) of Burja mandal, Uddhanam FPO (480 members) of Mandasa mandal and Chicacole coconut FPO (652 members) of Icchapuram mandal were selected for the study. A total of 120 sample farmers were selected for the study out of which, 80 are FPO member farmers and 40 are non – FPO farmers. Structure, conduct and performance of FPOs was analysed by using the SCP approach. Impact of FPOs on Farmers economy was analysed by using a Loglinear regression model. Organizational linkages of the Farmer Producer Organizations was analysed by using Descriptive Statistic Analysis. Constraints faced by FPOs was analysed by using Garett ranking. The performance of FPOs increases with the increase in the efficiency of FPO by 3.21 percent, market share was a measure of profitability which showed that the profitability of FPOs increased by 9.29 per cent, EAR was 2.42 per cent which shows that the FPOs are having very weak equity base. Where age of FPO was very less as the FPOs were in initial stages and it has the performance by 0.46 per cent. The heterogeneity in membership has very less impact on the performance of the FPOs with 0.04 per cent. Explanatory variables like farm size and membership of FPO are positively related to farmer’s income and significant at 1 % level of significance. The analysis shows that membership of FPO has a positive and significant effect on farmer’s income. Among the explanatory variables age is positively related for MDFPCL, MSFPCL and GBFPCL and negatively related for Uddhanam FPCL and CCFPCL. Household size is negatively related for all the FPOs except GBFPCL. Livestock is negatively related to all the FPOs except MSFPCL. Education level is positively related for MDFPCL, GBFPCL and CCFPCL and negatively related for MSFPCL and UFPCL Results of log linear regression led to the conclusion that FPOs are effective in improving farmer’s income in the study area. The data regarding development of backward linkages revealed that for procurement of seed and seedlings more than four-fifth (86.25%) of members had linkage with Farmer producers’ organization, followed by Agriculture/Horticultural Departments (37.50%). For getting fertilizer (100.00%) had linkage with FPOs and Agriculture/Horticultural Departments and followed by Input agencies (60.00%). In case of the purchase of plant protection chemical (100.00%) had linked with input agencies. For purchase of equipment and machinery (43.75%) linked with input dealers. Data related to linkages developed for technical guidance revealed that (72.50%) had develop linkages with KVK scientist, (56.25%) had linkages with University scientists, for use of improved variety Whereas, for getting guidance regarding production technology (68.75%) had linkage with agriculture department. For marketing purpose (80.00%) members had linkage with Agricultural and Horticultural departments, for financial assistance (52.50%) members had linkage with co-operative societies and for insurance majority for member had linkage with Agriculture department. Data pertaining to forward linkages (100.00%) member had linkages with FPOs. FPOs would be in developing stage and need time for expansion and develop functional relation with other agencies. The sample FPOs members faced various problems and ranked Limited Financial Resources as the major constraint with a mean score of (68.52%) followed by Complicated and delayed Procedure for availing loan (67.53%). The suggestions given for improving the functioning of FPO are awareness among the farmers by the scientists, financial support from the government, credit and input provisions to the farmers, providing storage facilities, business done on commission basis and reducing the transportation cost.
