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    ArticleItemOpen Access
    Response of on farm produced organic input on soil, plant nutrient status, yield and quality of guava (Psidium guajava) cv Allahabad Safeda
    (ICAR, New Delhi, 2014-08) R.A.Ram; Singha, Atul; Bhriguvanshi, S.R.
    A field experiment was conducted during 2008-09 to compare the efficacy of different organic inputs in the production of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv Allahabad Safeda. The highest number of fruits (363/tree) and yield (41.45 kg/tree) was recorded by application of 250 g rhizospheric soil of Ficus bengalensis + 5% Amritpani + organic mulching followed by 328 fruits/tree and yield of 31.76 kg/tree by biodynamic compost (30 kg/tree). Maximum TSS (11.7 °Brix) in fruits was recorded through application of biodynamic compost fortified with BD-500 (30 kg/tree) and cow pat pit (100 g/tree) followed by 11.3 °Brix with of vermicompost (30 kg/tree) + Azospirillum culture (250 g/ tree) + PSB (50 g/tree). The treatments did not affect acidity, ascorbic acid and reducing sugars significantly. Microbial analysis of different organic inputs indicated that cow pat pit contained maximum load of Azotobacter sp (1.5 × 106 cfu/g) and Azospirillum sp (1.3 × 106 cfu/g). Rhizospheric soils of Ficus bengalensis contained maximum number (1.5 × 105 cfu/g) of Azotobacter and (1.4 × 107 cfu/g) Azospirillum as compared to mango (2 × 104 cfu/g and 1.2 × 104 cfu/g, respectively). After two years of experimentation, maximum organic carbon (0.818%) was recorded in the basin soil of treatment biodynamic compost fortified with BD-500 (30 kg/tree) and cow pat pit (100 g/tree). On the other hand, highest build of available P (67.6 ppm) was maximum with application of biodynamic compost @ 30 kg/ tree, while available K (384 ppm), Zn (14.12 ppm), Cu (11.20 ppm) and Fe (15.7 ppm) were maximum with application of biodynamic compost fortified with BD-500 (30 kg/tree) and cow pat pit (100 g/tree), compared to initial soil nutrient status. Improvement in leaf nutrient status was also noticed and maximum leaf N (1.68%), P (0.244%), K (1.74%), Ca (1.49%), Zn (33.8 ppm) with application of rhizospheric soil of Ficus bengalensis @ 250 g/tree + 5% Amritpani + organic mulching, Mg (0.63%); with vermicompost (30 kg/tree) + Azospirillum culture (250 g/tree) + PSB (50 g/tree), Cu (78.7 ppm) and Mn (195.1 ppm) were recorded with FYM (30 kg/tree as compared to control (1.21%, 0.212%, 1.23%, 1.33%, 0.21 ppm, 27.5 ppm, 46.4 ppm and 167.6 ppm, respectively).
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    Institutional PublicationsItemOpen Access
    Impact of novel low cost technological intervenons on expenditure pattern of landless and sub-marginal farmers
    (South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology, 2013-11) Rai, R.B.; Dhama, K.; Singh, B.; Saminathan, M.; Chakraborty, Sandip; Tiwari, R.; R.A.Ram; Damodaran, T.
    Approximately 50% rural popula􀆟on is facing a major challenge of sustainable and reasonable livelihood security. In the present study, low cost‐highly profitable technologies were intervened to landless and sub‐marginal farmers for their socio‐economic upli􀅌ment. The study was conducted during 2009‐2013 in Barabanki and Raebareli districts of U􀆩ar Pradesh, India. Base line survey in 42 villages (700 farmers) was conducted, interven􀆟ons ini􀆟ated in mid 2009 and later, these were expanded in 65 villages (5250 families). For pre‐interven􀆟on period, 6 months average was considered, whereas in post‐interven􀆟on period 12 months average was taken in comparing expenditure pa􀆩ern. The farmers were intervened with novel technologies viz., rural poultry produc􀆟on and purchase of bovine and goat, mineral based estrous induc􀆟on, mas􀆟􀆟s preven􀆟on, high yielding perennial fodder on waste land, banana as cash crop and family nutri􀆟on, lemon, guava and seasonal vegetables in courtyard, bio‐enhancer for suppor􀆟ng vegetables and fruit plants. Sodic or barren unused land was transplanted with guava intercropped with vegetables and banana seedlings. The expenditure on food and clothing in pre‐interven􀆟on period was cos􀆟ng average of 71.4% and only 28.6% monthly earning was available for other family needs, while in postinterven 􀆟on period, in spite of improved food, nutri􀆟on and clothing quality, the expenditure was only 23.2% of total income. In conclusion, low input technologies whenever are intervened aiming higher profitability the impact on socio‐economic status is visible within shortest 􀆟me. It is a be􀆩er op􀆟on if governments create the infra‐structural facili􀆟es and provide support with technological innova􀆟on for rural poverty allevia􀆟on.
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    Institutional PublicationsItemOpen Access
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    JournalItemOpen Access
    Bio-enhancers: A potential tool to improve soil fertility, plant health in organic production of horticultural crops
    (Progressive horticulture, 2013-09) Pathak, R.K.; R.A.Ram
    Indiscriminate use of agro-chemicals during the last 5-6 decades has adversely affected the soil fertility, crop productivity, produce quality and particularly the environment. Annually India is loosing nearly 0.8 million tones of nitrogen, 1.8 millions tones of Phosphorus and 26.3 million tones of potassium (Annonymous, 2011). Soil organic carbon content in most of the Indian soils has been reduced to > 0.5 per cent. The green revolution is exhibiting second generation problem owing to over exploitation and mis management of soil. Under these circumstances, maintenance of soil fertility and crop productivity are the major constraints in agriculture. Excessive mining of micronutrients have led to the deficiency of micro nutrients in one or the other parts of the country. As a result fertigation is becoming popular in most part of the states. It is pertinent to pinpoint that at present, most of the soluble fertilizers are imported in the country and these are very expensive, beyond the reach of the common farmers. For number of nutrients, soluble fertilizers are not available. Hence, this requires change in mind set for addressing this issue. After closely working with Organic Farming Systems for over a decade, we are of the view that “Bio enhancers” could be a cheap and alternative tool to resolve many issues including cheap and effective alternative for fertigation. In organic production systems, there is always a challenge of how to improve soil fertility, crop productivity and management of pests by organic techniques. Use of organic liquid preparations has been an age old practice in India. On farm produced Kunapajala, prepared by fermenting animal flesh along with herbal products used to be an established technique in ancient India. As an alternative, number of organic farmers devised organic boosters based on local experiences and gave specific names such as Amritpani, Panchagavya, Beejamrita, Jiwamrita etc. Similarly, in other organic farming systems, few effective preparations such as BD-500, BD-501, Cow Pat Pit, Biodynamic liquid manures and in Homa Organic Farming: Agnihotra ash enriched water and Biosol are effective tools being used by number of organizations. It is interesting to note that in all these preparations, the basic ingredients are cow based products. In order to give generic name, hence forth, these are named as “Bio enhancer” which is almost new to the world and scientific community. Review of available literature with bio enhancer indicates that there is immense scope for its promotion in agriculture. Hence, we have tried to review the available information with objectives to communicate scientific community to initiate systematic research, extension agencies to promote these as cheap alternatives of agro chemicals and farmers to prepare their own products and utilize them as per requirement.
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    ArticleItemOpen Access
    critical review of indigenous technologies for organic farming in in horticultural crops
    (Organic farming news letter, 2010-06) Pathak, R.K.; R.A.Ram; Garg, N.; Kishun, R.; Bhriguvanshi, S.R.; Sharma, S.
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    ArticleItemOpen Access
    Comparative evaluation of crop productivity and profitability under traditional farming system in Northern plains of India
    (2013-11-19) Rai, R.B.; Dhama, K.; Chakraborti, S.; R.A.Ram; Singh, Balvir; Tiwari, R.; Saminathan, M.; Damodaran, T.
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    ArticleItemOpen Access
    Exploratory study on using rural poultry as a source of bio control agent for plantation and some vegetables
    (International Journal of Current Research, 2013-09-01) Rai, R B; Dhama, K; Chakraborti, S; Damodaran, Thukkaram; Singh, Balvir; Ali, Hamid; Rai, Sweta; Wani, Yaqoob; Ram Awadh, Ram