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ThesisItem Open Access Agronomic Biofortification of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with Zinc(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) SRIVASTAVA, MAYANK; Kumar, SunilThe current study, titled "Agronomic Biofortification of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with Zinc," was performed during the Rabi period of 2021-2022 at the Research Field of TCA, Dholi (Muzaffarpur), a sub-campus of Dr. RPCAU, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar. During the Rabi period of 2021-2022, the current research study was conducted at plot number 13 at TCA Farm, Dholi, Muzaffarpur, Dr. RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar. The experimental location is situated at 25º 98' North (N) latitude and 85º 60' East (E) longitude on the bank of Burhi Gandak, at an elevation of 52.2 m AMSL. The treatments included, T1 Control (No Zn), T2 (Soil incorporation of ZnSO4 @ 12.5 kg ha-1) at the time of planting, T3 (Soil incorporation of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 at the time of planting), T4 (Foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 2 g litre-1 at 25 days after planting), T5 (Foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 2 g litre-1 at 25 and 50 days after planting), T6 (T2 + foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 2 g litre-1 at 25 days after planting), T7 (T2 + foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 2 g litre-1 at 25 and 50 days after planting), T8 (Tuber treatment with ZnO for 12 hours, before planting), T9 (Chelated Zn @ 4 g litre-1 at 25 days after planting), T10 (Chelated Zn @ 4 g litre-1 at 25 and 50 days after planting). Name of student : MAYANK SRIVASTAVA Registration Number : M/AGRO/125/2020-21 Major Advisor : Dr. Sunil Kumar Degree to be awarded : Master of Science (Agriculture) in Agronomy Department : Agronomy Major subject : Agronomy Minor subject : Soil Science Year : 2022 Title of thesis : "Agronomic Biofortification of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with Zinc" University : Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar 848125 Total pages of thesis : 97 + Bibliography (i-x) + Appendices (I-V) Different sources of Zn fertilizers had a substantial impact on all growth and yield parameters, including plant height, shoot and leaf number per plant, dry matter accumulation, tuber bulking rate, yield characteristics, and yield. The maximum concentration of Zn in leaves at 65 DAP and in tubers at harvest, were 95.45 ppm and 31.50 ppm respectively, found in T10 where chelated Zn-EDTA was applied @ 4 g litre-1 at 25 and 50 DAP. The best growth and yield of 25.17 t ha-1 was obtained with T10, which included application of chelated Zn-EDTA @ 4 g litre-1 at 25 and 50 DAP. The best B:C ratio was obtained by T10 having application of chelated Zn-EDTA @ 4g litre-1 at 25 and 50 DAP whereas T7 having soil application of 12.5 kg ha-1 foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 2 g litre-1 at 25 and 50 days after planting, and T6 having soil application of 12.5 kg ha-1 foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 2 g litre-1 at 25 days after planting, were at par with treatment T10. Hence, application of chelated Zn @ 4g liter -1 is recommended for maximum yield, highest amount of Zn biofortication in tubers and for maximum benefit cost ratio, although T3 (Soil incorporation of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 at the time of planting), T5 (Foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 2 g liter-1 at 25 and 50 DAP), T6 (T2 + foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 2 g liter-1 at 25 DAP), T7 (T2 + foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 2 g liter-1 at 25 and 50 DAP, and T9 (Chelated Zn @ 4 g liter-1 at 25 DAP) may also be recommended for obtaining good yield, along with adequate amount of Zn biofortification in tubers, to fight Zn deficiency among people, under calcareous soil of north Bihar.ThesisItem Open Access AGRONOMIC STUDIES ON HIGH INTENSITY MAIZE BASED ROTATIONS INCLUDING FODDER CROPS(DRPCAU, Pusa, 1984) Chaudhary, Bimlendra; Sharma, N.N.ThesisItem Open Access AGRONOMIC STUDIES ON SESAMUM (Sesamum indium L.) WITH PARTICULAR REDERENCE TO PLANT POPULATION AND NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION(DRPCAU, Pusa, 1992) Singh, Tarun Prasad; Singh, B.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of Micro-environment of Winter Maize in Bihar(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) SHARMA, ANKIT; Sattar, AbdusAn experiment was conducted during rabi season at Jhilli farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University Pusa, Bihar to assess the variation in micro-climatic parameters in winter maize in Bihar. There was total 15 treatments which were replicated 3 times and as such there were total 45 treatments and the experiment was laid down in split plot design by using maize (variety Rajendra hybrid 4 ) as a test crop. In the experiment, 5 dates of sowing were included as main plot factor and 3 spacing as sub plot factor. Crops were sown on D1 (01 Nov), D2 (10-Nov), D3 (20-Nov), D4 (30-Nov) and D5 (10-Dec) at three different spacing S1 (60 cm X 20 cm), S2 (75 cm X 20 cm) and S3 (45 cm X 20 cm) during rabi season of 2021-22. The objectives of the study were 1) to assess the variation in canopy temperature, relative humidity and soil temperature within canopy of winter maize, 2) to study the radiation interception pattern within maize canopy and its relationships with biomass and grain yield and 3) to evaluate the impact of various weather parameters and agrometeorological indices on biomass and grain yield of winter maize. For this purpose, micrometeorological data from experimental field were recorded at different phenological stages of the crop and other meteorological data was collected from the Agrometeorology observatory of Dr. RPCAU Pusa. Later, this data was employed to compute agrometeorological indices such as GDD, HTU and PTU, and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) data was recorded from the crop field at every phenological stages throughout the observation day. Transmitted and reflected PAR and other micrometeorological data were recorded from winter maize field on regular basis throughout crop growing period. Data on intercepted PAR was also computed based on incident and transmitted PAR. Post-harvest data like grain yield, stover yield, above ground biomass, plant height, leaf area index, no. of grains i per cob, cob length and number of cobs per plant were recorded. phenological stages. Canopy temperature, relative humidity and soil temperature at 5, 15 and 30 cm depths were significantly affected by sowing environments and planting densities. PAR interception depended on factors like sowing environment, spacing and leaf area index. The crops sown on D3 (20-Nov) showed maximum PAR interception, influencing maize yield significantly. Highest PAR interception (%) was observed for crop sown on D3 (20 November) and it kept on increasing from knee high stage to silking stage and decreased thereafter. It showed significant relation with leaf area index. Significant relationships between grain yield and accumulated intercepted PAR (IPAR) was observed for tasseling, milking and physiological maturity stages and different magnitudes of accumulated IPAR under different sowing environments were estimated for production of highest maize grain yield. Maximum grain yield was obtained when PAR interception was 65-70% at milking stage. Radiation use efficiency (RUE) was also calculated by establishing a linear relationship between above ground biomass and accumulated intercepted PAR. The highest RUE of 5.81 g/MJ was achieved for the crop sown on D3 (20 November). Equations developed in this study can be used to model or predict biomass in the growing environment of north Bihar agroclimatic condition for maize cultivar Rajendra Hybrid 4. Considering phenophase duration, days taken for completing knee high stage increased with delay in sowing, but for later growth phases, it decreased due to accelerated crop growth in response to elevated temperature. Weather parameters and agrometeorological indices showed significant linear relationship with grain yield, above ground biomass and 1000 grain weight at specific growth phases. Results obtained from the experiment also showed that maximum grain yield, stover yield, above ground biomass and leaf area index were observed to be maximum for crop grown on D3 (20 Nov) sowing date. This might be due to congenial thermal environment experienced by the crop sown on 20 November. Moreover, higher radiation interception and radiation use efficiency of the crop sown on this date might have contributed to achieving higher yield.ThesisItem Open Access Bio-efficacy of Herbicides Combinations Against Weed Flora in Transplanted Rice (Oryza sativa L.)(Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2016) Singh, Gourav Pratap; Roy, D. K.A field experiment was undertaken during kharif season of the year 2015 at the Research Farm of Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar to study the “Bio-efficacy of Herbicides Combinations Against Weed Flora in Transplanted Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design having 12 treatments. T1- bispyribac- Sodium @ 25 g/ha at 25 DAT, T2- penoxsulam 24 % SC @ 22.5 g/ha at 15 DAT, T3- bispyribac – sodium + ethoxysulfuron @ 25 +18.75 g/ha at 25 DAT, T4- bispyribac – sodium + chlorimuron + metsulfuron( Almix) @ 20 + 4 g/ha at 25 DAT T5- pretilachlor @ 750 g/ha at 0-3 DAT fb ethoxysulfuron @ 18.75 g/ha at 25 DAT T6- pretilachlor @ 750 g/ha at 0-3 DAT fb chlorimuron + metsulfuron( Almix) @ 4 g/ha at 25 DAT, T7- pyrazosulfuron @ 20 g/ha at 0-3 DAT fb chlorimuron + metsulfuron( almix) @ 4 g/ha at 25 DAT, T8- penoxsulam + cyhalofop 6 % OD (RM) @ 135 g/ha at 15-20 DAT, T9- triafamone + ethoxysulfuron 30 % WG @ 60 g/ha at 15 DAT, T10- pendimethalin (38.7 % CS) @ 750 g/ha at 0-3 DAT fb bispyribac –sodium @ 25 g/ha at 25 DAT, T11- Hand weeding at 25 and 45 DAT and T12- Weedy check replicated thrice with Rajendra Shweta as the test variety. All the weed management practices either herbicidal or hand weeding had profound effect on growth and yield attributes as well as the ultimate yield as reflected in their superiority over the weedy check. Amongst herbicidal treatments pendimethalin (38.7 % CS) @ 750 g/ha at 0-3 DAT fb bispyribac –sodium @ 25 g/ha at 25 DAT was superior to rest of herbicidal treatments. It was also at par with hand weedings at 25 and 45 DAT. pendimethalin (38.7 % CS) @ 750 g/ha at 0-3 DAT fb bispyribac –sodium @ 25 g/ha at 25 DAT recorded top spot in almost all the growth and yield attributing characters and also in the yields of grain and straw. The results pertaining to weed population, weed dry weight and nutrient uptake by weeds and crop separately were a close reflection of growth and yield pattern whereas hand weeding which was superior to all the herbicidal treatments. Amongst herbicidal treatments pendimethalin (38.7 % CS) @ 750 g/ha at 0-3 DAT fb bispyribac –sodium @ 25 g/ha at 25 DAT was superior to rest of herbicidal treatments. Weed control efficiency of pendimethalin (38.7 % CS) @ 750 g/ha at 0-3 DAT fb bispyribac –sodium @ 25 g/ha at 25 DAT (63.10%) and weed index (4.15%) was superior to bispyribac– sodium + ethoxysulfuron @ 25 +18.75 g/ha at 25 DAT (54.89%) and weed index (7.32%) respectively. Protein content in grain was similar in all the treatments except the weedy check in which it was significantly lower. The most glaring part of the results rested in its economic studies, where in all the herbicidal treatments either pre-emergence applications or combination of pre and post emergence applications fetched higher net return and scored better B:C ratio than the two hand weedings. Pendimethalin (38.7 % CS) @ 750 g/ha at 0-3 DAT fb bispyribac –sodium @ 25 g/ha at 25 DAT ( 42,525/ha) cornered the highest net return closely followed by bispyribac– Sodium + ethoxysulfuron @ 25 +18.75 g/ha at 25 DAT ( 41,390/ha). As against these treatments, the net return realized by two hand weedings was lower 37,450/ha. The B:C ratio further widened the gap between manual weeding and herbicidal applications. The highest B:C ratio of 2.61 was recorded from pre-emergence application of bispyribac– Sodium + ethoxysulfuron @ 25 +18.75 g/ha at 25 DAT which was closely followed by pendimethalin fb bispyribac-sodium (2.59) and two hand weedings had a B:C ratio of only 2.06 which was next only to the weedy check (1.81). Thus, it may be summed up that pendimethalin fb bispyribac-sodium is superior to rest of herbicidal treatments. Secondly, high cost involved in manual weeding makes herbicidal treatments more viable preposition. Pendimethalin (38.7 % CS) @ 750 g/ha at 0-3 DAT fb bispyribac –sodium @ 25 g/ha at 25 DAT and bispyribac– sodium + ethoxysulfuron @ 25 +18.75 g/ha at 25 DAT are two most effective herbicidal treatments in transplanted rice for control of complex weed flora and higher economic return.ThesisItem Open Access Bio-fortification of Zn and Fe in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) through agronomic intervention under dhab area(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Sheshrao, Hanwate Pavankumar; Kumar, SunilA field experiment was carried out during the Rabi season of the year 2019-20 at Bairiya Dhab Research Farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, India, to study “Bio-fortification of Zn and Fe in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) through agronomic intervention under dhab area” in split plot design with three replications. Main plots treatment consisted of two varieties viz., GCP- 105, GNG-2264 and seven nutrient fortification treatment combinations of Zn and Fe viz., T1:- Recommended dose fertilizer NPK (control), T2:- RDF + 0.5% Zn foliar spraying at pre-flowering and pod development stage, T3:-RDF + 0.5% Fe foliar spraying at pre-flowering and pod development stage, T4:- RDF + Zn (0.5%) and Fe (0.5%) foliar spraying at pre flowering and pod development stage, T5:- RDF + soil application of FeSO4 @ 15 kg/ha at the time of sowing, T6: -RDF + soil application of ZnSO4 (25 kg/ha) + FeSO4 (15 kg/ha) at the time of sowing, T7:- RDF + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha @ time of sowing (recommended practice) were taken in sub plots. The experimental field soil was sandy loam in texture saline in reaction (7.63), medium organic carbon (0.69%), available N (268.3 kg/ha), low in available potassium (112.5 kg/ha), phosphorus (20.4 kg/ha), and available Zn (0.54 mg/kg) and the sufficient amount of available iron (23.41 mg/kg) and the safer range of electrical conductivity (0.18 dS/m). The RDF for chickpea N: P2O5: K2O was 20:45:20 kg/ha and applied through DAP and MOP respectively. The crop was sown on 5th of November 2019 and harvested on 15thApril 2020. The findings revealed that the significant variations were recorded at 60 days after sowing and at the harvest. Chickpea variety GNG-2264 recorded significantly maximum plant growth parameters viz., plant height, dry matter accumulation, number of branches and taken minimum number of days to emergence, over GCP-105. GNG-2264 variety also took less days to attain 50 per cent flowering, 50 per cent pod formation and days from flowering to maturity. Maximum yield and yield attributes viz., number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant, 1000 seed weight and higher seed and straw yields were obtained invarietyGNG-2264. In case of different nutrient fortification treatments of Zn and Fe combinations, the treatment RDF + Zn (0.5%) and Fe (0.5%) foliar spraying at pre flowering and pod development stage recorded significantly maximum plant growth parameters viz., plant height, dry matter accumulation, number of branches and taken minimum number of days to emergence, yield and yield attributes viz., number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant, 1000 seed weight and higher seed and straw yields, harvest index, quality parameters viz., protein content, zinc and iron content in Seed and straw, the same treatment recorded minimum days to 50 per cent flowering and 50 per cent pod formation. However, the lowest value of plant growth parameters, yield and yield attributes, Quality parameters were recorded in control. Variety GNG-2264 recorded maximum gross return, net returns and B: C ratio than variety GCP-105. In case of different nutrient fortification treatments of Zn and Fe combinations, the treatment RDF + Zn (0.5%) and Fe (0.5%) foliar spraying at pre flowering and pod development stage recorded maximum gross return, net returns and B: C ratio, which was followed by treatment RDF+ Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 Kg/ha + soil application of FeSO4 @ 15 kg/ha.ThesisItem Open Access BROWN MANURING BASED WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN DIRECT SEEDED RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) S N, SANDEEP; Chaudhary, S.K.A field experiment entitled “Brown manuring based weed management practices in direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was conducted at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar during kharif season, 2020. “The soil of the experimental site was found to be calcareous in nature, sandy loam in texture and alkaline in reaction with pH of 8.43. It was low in organic carbon (0.47%) and available nitrogen (241 kg N/ha), medium in available P (12.18 kg/ha) and available K (135.62 kg/ha). The trial was carried out in randomized block design and replicated thrice. The treatment comprised of ten different weed management practices viz., T1- Pendimethalin (1 kg a.i ha-1) PE fb bispyribac sodium (30 g a.i ha-1) at 15 DAS (POE), T2- Pendimethalin (1 kg a.i ha-1) PE fb pyrazosulfuron (30 g a.i ha-1) at 15 DAS (POE), T3-Pendimethalin (1 kg a.i ha-1) PE fb Bispyribac sodium + pyrazosulfuron (25g a.i ha-1 each) (POE as Tank mix), T4- Bispyribac sodium + pyrazosulfuron (25g a.i ha-1each) (POE as Tank mix), T5- Pendimethalin (1 kg a.i ha-1) PE + brown manuring at 20 DAS with 2, 4 - D ester (0.70 kg a.i ha-1) (POE), T6- Pendimethalin (1 kg a.i ha-1) PE + brown manuring at 20DAS with 2, 4 - D ester (0.70 kg a.i ha-1) fb pyrazosulfuron (25 g a.i ha-1) 25 DAS, T7- Pretilachlor (0.75 kg a.i ha-1) PE + brown manuring at 20DAS with 2, 4 - D ester (0.70 kg a.i ha-1 ) fb bispyribac sodium (25 g a.i ha-1) 25 DAS”, T8- Pretilachlor (0.75 kg a.i ha-1) “PE + brown manuring at 20 DAS with 2,4 - D ester (0.70 kg a.i ha-1) fb pyrazosulfuron (25 g a.i ha-1) 25 DAS, T9-Weed free and T10-Weedy check. The rice variety "Abhishek" was chosen as the test crop. This experiment was carried out by using of RDF-120-60-40 kg/ha of N, P205 and K20, respectively and other practices as per the standard package of practices for rice production was followed”. “The results revealed that brown manuring based weed management practices significantly influenced growth parameters, yield attributes and yield, nutrient uptake and economics of direct seeded rice. Among the weed management practices, Weed free (T9) obtained maximum growth parameters (tillers/m 2, dry matter production and crop growth rate), yield and yield attributes (panicles/m2, grains/panicle) being at par with Pretilachlor (0.75 kg a.i ha-1) PE + brown manuring at 20 DAS with 2, 4 - D ester (0.70 kg a.i ha-1) fb bispyribac sodium (25 g a.i ha-1) 25 DAS (T7) and Pretilachlor (0.75 kg a.i ha-1) PE + brown manuring at 20 DAS with 2,4 - D ester (0.70 kg a.i ha-1) fb pyrazosulfuron (25 g a.i ha-1) 25 DAS (T8). However, there was no significant effect on plant height, panicle length, test weight and harvest index. Among the treatments, the lowest weed population, biomass and maximum weed control efficiency, low weed index were recorded in T7. The treatment T7 recorded maximum uptake of nitrogen (79.77 kg/ ha), phosphorus (11.41 kg/ha) and potassium (97.10 kg/ha). In the case of weeds, the minimum nutrient (NPK) was removed in the treatment T7, while maximum removal was recorded in weedy check (T10). In the post-harvest soil, all the brown manuring treated plots recorded more available N, P and K than the without brown manuring treated plots and among the brown manuring treated plots treatment T8 showed significant effect on available N. Higher benefit cost ratio was recorded in T8 (1.41) and the lowest in weedy check (0.67)”. “From this study, based on one year result it can be inferred that Pretilachlor (0.75 kg a.i ha-1) PE + brown manuring at 20 DAS with 2, 4 - D ester (0.70 kg a.i ha-1) fb bispyribac sodium (25 g a.i ha-1) 25 DAS effectively controlled weeds thereby increasing productivity and economic returns in the direct seeded rice”.ThesisItem Open Access CONSEQUENCES OF HERBICIDES ON WEED DYNAMICS AND YIELD OF FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana L.)(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) ROY, BIPLAB; Kishor, KaushalAn experimental trial was executed during the Kharif of 2021, at the research farm of Tirhut College of Agriculture (TCA), Dholi, Muzaffarpur to examine the “Consequences of herbicides on weed dynamics and yield of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.)”. In the trial plot the pH of the soil was in alkaline range (8.24), organic carbon content was low i.e. 0.45 %. The objectives of the present study was to evaluate the effect of herbicidal treatments on growth and yield of finger millet, to study the effect of pre- and post -emergence herbicides on weed dynamics of finger millet and to identify the most economic feasible herbicidal weed management practice in finger millet. In this experiment, altogether eleven treatments had been replicated thrice using randomized block design (RBD), including T1 – Isoproturon @ 750 g ha-1 (PE), T2 – Oxadiargyl @ 150 g ha-1 (PE), T3 – Bensulfuron methyl @ 18 g ha-1 + Pretilachlor @180 g ha-1 (6.6 % G pre-mix) (PE), T4 – Pretilachlor @ 300 g ha-1 (PE), T5 – Bispyribac sodium @ 12.5 g ha-1 at 15-20 DAS, T6 – Ethoxysulfuron @ 15 g ha-1 at 15-20 DAS, T7 – Metsulfuron methyl 2 g ha-1 + Chlorimuron ethyl 2 g ha-1 (20 %WP pre-mix) at 15-20 DAS, T8 – Tembotrione @ 60.4 g ha-1 (PE), T9 – 2, 4-D sodium salt @ 800 g ha-1 at 15-20 DAS, T10 – Two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (Weed free) and T11 – Un weeded-control. The major findings showed that among the several weed management means, plot hand weeded 2 times at 20 and 40 DAS was distinguished with the lowest weed density and weed biomass along with the highest weed control efficiency and that ultimately reflected in taller plant height, higher tillers, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate as well as higher number of ear head/plant, and weight eight of grains/ear head. Finally grain yield, straw yield and harvest index (%) had significantly higher but statistically similar with bispyribac sodium @ 12.5 g ha-1 applied at 15-20 DAS. The N, P and K uptake by finger millet were significantly higher with the treatment of hand weeded two times but being similar result was recorded with bispyribac sodium @ 12.5 g ha-1 sprayed at 15-20 DAS. Among the several applications, least weed nutrient depletion also recorded the plot hand weeded 2 times which was close to bispyribac sodium @ 12.5 g ha-1 sprayed at 15-20 DAS. Bispyribac sodium @ 12.5 g ha-1 applied at 15-20 DAS was the most economically feasible treatment as having the maximum net returns (₹ 61,665 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.80) than rest of the treatments. Thus, it may be concluded that application of bispyribac sodium @ 12.5 g ha-1 at 15-20 DAS in finger millet can be efficiently and economically manage weeds and resulted in better crop yields, and income for the farming community of the Bihar.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF SITE-SPECIFIC NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR FINGER MILLET IN CALCAREOUS SOILS OF BIHAR(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) CHOUDHARY, SANJU; Pramanick, BiswajitA field experiment was conducted during Kharif season 2020, at Crop Research Centre, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar to study the “Development of site-specific nutrient management practices for finger millet in calcareous soils of Bihar”. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam and alkaline in nature with pH 8.2, low in organic carbon i.e. 0.47% and bulk density was 1.42 g/cc. The objectives were, to find out the optimum rate of N, P and K application for finger millet; to study the effect of different nutrient management practices on growth and yield of the crop and; to work out the economics of the various treatments. The experiment consisted of eight treatments comprising T1 – Control, T2 – N omission, T3 – P Omission, T4 – K omission, T5 – 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), T6 – 100% RDF, T7 – 125% RDF and T8 – 100% recommended dose of P and K + 30 kg/ ha N as basal + green seeker based N application. These treatments were evaluated under randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that Green Seeker based N management (T8) exhibited the highest plant height, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate. Similarly, the highest values of yield attributing parameters, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index were recorded under application of Green Seeker based N management treatment (T8) which was statistically at par with 125% RDF. Further, control, N – omission, P – omission and K – omission significantly reduced growth, yield attributing parameters, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index compared to T8. The result showed that the highest N contents (%) in finger millet grain and straw were recorded under application 100% recommended P and K + 30 kg/ha N as basal and rest N management as per green seeker reading (T8), however the highest P and K contents in grain and straw of finger millet were found with 125% RDF (T7) and this treatment was found at par with T8. Similarly, higher N uptake by grain and straw of finger millet were estimated with T8 (application of 100% recommended P and K + 30 kg/ha N as basal and rest N management as per green seeker reading) and the highest P uptake by grain was estimated with T8 and at par with T7 and T6 (100% RDF) but the highest P uptake by straw was estimated with T7 (125% RDF) and both the treatments was found at par. In case of K uptake, the highest values of K uptake by grain and straw were estimated with T7 (125% RDF) and this treatment was found at par with T8 (application 100% recommended P and K + 30 kg/ha N as basal and rest N management as per green seeker reading) and T6 (100% RDF). Application of 100% recommended P and K + 30 kg/ha N as basal and rest N management as per green seeker reading proved economically beneficial as it recorded significantly higher gross returns (102065 Rs/ha), net returns (74825 Rs/ha) and B:C ratio (2.75) over rest of the treatments. From this one year study, it can be concluded that the application 100% recommended P and K + 30 kg/ha N as basal and rest N management as per green seeker reading can improve the growth, yield, and economics of finger millet in calcareous soils of Bihar.ThesisItem Open Access THE ECONOMY OF FERTILIZERS IN INTERCROPPING OF SUGARCANE AND TOBACCO(DRPCAU, Pusa, 1987) Prasad, Devendra; Sinha, R.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of agronomical and chemical weed management practices on growth, yield and quality of summer mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)(Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2013) Raj, Shashi Kant; Singh, DevendraThe present field experiment was conducted on sandy loam soil at the crop research centre, Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar to study the “Effect of agronomical and chemical weed management practices on growth, yield and quality of summer mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)”. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments was agronomical weed management viz., weedy check (W0), mulching with rice straw (W1), hand weeding (W2), hand hoeing (W3), cross sowing (W4) and additive inter cropping with sesamum (W5). However, the sub plot treatments was chemical weed control viz., weedycheck (H0), pendimthalin @ 1000 ml/ha (H1), oxyfluorfen @ 100 ml/ha (H2) &quizalofop ethyl @ 40 ml/ha (H3). The test variety used was HUM-16 and crop was sown at a spacing 30 cm × 10 cm. The gross and net plot size were 5m × 3 m and 3.8 m × 2.0 m, respectively. Spraying of Pendimethalin @ 1000 ml/ha and oxyfluorfen @ 100 ml/ha were pre-emergence while, quizalofop ethyl @ 40 ml/ha used as post-emergence (25 DAS). Growth parameters got marginally better reflection under cross sowing (W4) viz., plant height & plant population count. While weed population and weed dry weight were significantly lower in cross sowing and application of Oxyfluorfen @ 100 ml/ha (H2). However, weed control efficiency (%) was also higher in cross sowing (W4) under agronomical weed management treatment and similarly also higher under oxyfluorfen @ 100 ml/ha (H2) among chemical weed management treatments. Number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant was higher under hand weeding (W3) treatments than weedy check (W0). While the number of seeds/pod and 1000 grain weight was recorded similar with all agronomical weed management treatments. Marginal higher number of pods/plant and number of seeds/plant were found with oxyfluorfen @ 100 ml/ha (H2). Grain yield and straw were gave better expression under Cross Sowing (W4) followed by hand weeding (W2). While application of oxyfluorfen @ 100 ml/ha (H2) gave highest yield which was significantly superior over rest of the treatment followed by application of pendimethalin @ 1000 ml/ha (W1). Grain: straw ratio, as well as harvest index (%) was influenced by neither agronomical method nor herbicidal method of weed control. Mulching with rice straw (W1) enhanced the population of bacteria and fungi, while application of herbicides reduced the bacterial and fungal population then weedy check (H0). Cross sowing (W4) gave higher gross return ( 59532/ha) and net return ( 40902/ha) which is significantly superior over all other treatments the next best treatment was hand weeding (W1). Among the chemical weed management application of oxyfluorfen @ 100 ml/ha (H2) gave higher gross return ( 55659/ha) and net return ( 35887/ha) and was followed by application ofpendimethalin @ 1000 ml/ha (H1), recording 49412/ha. and net 32143/ha gross and net return respectively.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF AMENDMENTS AND RICE-CULTURE ON AMELIORATION OF SALINE-SODIC SOIL AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON WHEAT(DRPCAU, Pusa, 1984) Shukla, Krishna; Pandey, JitendraThesisItem Open Access Effect of Biofertilizer Consortia and their Application Mode on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) PANDA, BIBHUDATTA; Srivastava, Rajeev KumarPulses are the powerful super food because they are known as important and cheaper source of dietary protein & fat, low glycemic index & fat content, zero cholesterol, gluten free, high content of Iron & Zinc as well as rich in minerals & B-Vitamins. Among commonly grown pulses in India, Lentil (Lens culinaris L.) grows as an important Rabi (winter) pulse crop. In general, Ind i a's output of pulse crops is in s u fficient to supply the country's expanding populati on and meet the recommended consumption of pulse per day per person There is still scope for technology advance ments an d refinement to achieve significant gains in produc t ivity, which is now below the g e n etic potential of recently released and available v arieties of lentil . Among many new emerg ing technologies, applicatio n of biofertilizer consortia by varying mode of a ppl ic ation, is considered an efficient tool for enhanc i ng yield. Apart from this yield benefits, consortia biofertilizer also improves physico-chemical including the biological properties of the soils, where they are being applied, thereby restore fertility as well as overall soil health parameters. Post-graduate degree programme : M.Sc. (Ag.) Agronomy Department : Agronomy Name of student : Bibhudatta Panda Registration Number : M/AGRO/133/2020-21 Major subject : Agronomy Minor subject : Soil Science Major Advisor : Dr. Rajeev Kumar Srivastava Title of thesis : “Effect of Biofertilizer Consortia and their Application Mode on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)” Year : 2022 Total number of pages : 88+i-viii (Bibliography) +a-c (Appendices) The current experimental / trialtopic named “Effect of Biofertilizer Consortia and their Application Mode on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)” was carried out at the Research Farm of Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi (Muzaffarpur) with the main focus on study the impact of biofertilizer consortia and their mode of application on the growth, yield, nutrient content in grain & straw, economic feasibility and nutrient balance sheet in soil of lentil. The fourteen treatments were repeated three times, and the variety used was IPL-220. The experiment was set up using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Treatments included: T1-Absolute control (No fertilizer, No biofertilizer), T2- 100% Recommended Dose Fertilizer (RDF), T3- Rhizobium (local best), T4- Seed treatment with consortium biofertilizer inoculant (Pantnagar), T5-Seed treatment with consortium biofertilizer inoculant (Ludhiana), T6- Soil application of consortium biofertilizer inoculant (Pantnagar) incubated with FYM, T7- Soil application of consortium biofertilizer inoculant (Ludhiana) incubated with FYM, T8- Seed treatment with consortium biofertilizer inoculant (Pantnagar) + FYM, T9- Seed treatment with consortium biofertilizer inoculant (Ludhiana) + FYM, T10- Soil application of consortium biofertilizer inoculant (Pantnagar) incubated with vermicompost T11- Soil application of consortium biofertilizer inoculant (Ludhiana) incubated with vermicompost, T12- 50% of N, 50% P2O5 & 100% K2O of RDF + Seed treatment with consortium biofertilizer inoculant (Pantnagar), T13-50% of N, 50% P2O5 & 100% K2O of RDF + Seed treatment with consortium biofertilizer inoculant (Ludhiana) T14-50% of N, 50% P2O5 & 100% K2O of RDF + Rhizobium (Local) + PSB (Local). The soil of experimental unit is categorized under alluvial class, having a texture of sandy loam and a pH of 8.3 and Electrical conductivity 0.36 ds m-1. The soil fertility status was low in organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium content i.e., 0.43%, 191.7kg/ha, 21.6 kg/ha, and 125.8 kg/ha, respectively. The growth and yields of the lentil crop, as well as NPK and protein content in plant, were significantly influenced by all experimental variables over control treatment. Among different treatments, application of 50% of N, 50% P2O5 & 100% K2O of RDF + Seed treatment with consortium biofertilizer inoculant (Pantnagar) recorded highest plant elongation (height), dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, number and weight of nodules per plant, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods per plant, test weight, grain yield, straw yield, B:C Ratio, Protein content and Nutrient Uptake (N,P and K). Administration of 50% of N, 50% P2O5 & 100% K2O of RDF + Seed treatment with consortium biofertilizer inoculant (Pantnagar)-treatment also showed marked monetary advantages as compared to rest treatments under study. This treatment produced highest gross returns (89505 ₹ ha-1), net returns (52322 ₹ ha-1) and B:C Ratio (1.41) over the rest treatments.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of boron and molybdenum under different tillage and irrigation practices on growth and yield of chickpea in Sesbania- chickpea - sesame cropping system under riverine (Diara) area(Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2022) PAZHANISAMY, S.; Singh, DevendraThe present investigation was conducted at the Bairiya dhab research farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, India, for two successive winter (rabi) seasons of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 to study the effect of boron and molybdenum under different tillage and irrigation practices on growth and yield of chickpea in Sesbania- chickpea - sesame cropping system under riverine (Diara) area. The experiment was laid out in split- split plot design and replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of two different tillage practices, viz. conventional tillage and conservation tillage, allocated in the main plot with two irrigation methods, viz. conventional irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, allocated in the subplot and six methods of micronutrient application, viz. boron basal (1 kg/ha), boron foliar (0.25%), molybdenum seed treatment (1g/kg of seed), molybdenum foliar (333g/ha), boron basal (1 kg/ha) + molybdenum seed treatment (1g/ kg of seed) and boron basal (1 kg/ha) + molybdenum foliar (333g/ha) allocated in sub-sub plot. The basal dose of boron was applied at the sowing, the seed treatment of molybdenum was done three days before sowing, and foliar spray was given at 50 DAS. The chickpea variety of Sabour Chana-1 was taken as a test variety for the experiment. Applied N (urea), P (SSP) K (MOP) as basal dressing in every treatment equally. The crop was sown in rows at 30 cm spacing with seed rate 80 kg/ha. The irrigation was given before flowering as per the treatments of the study, and weed management has done with help of herbicides and wheel hoes. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture with alkaline pH, normal EC, medium in organic carbon (0.69%), low in available nitrogen, medium in phosphorus, low in potassium, high in Fe, Mn, and Cu, low in Zn and boron and medium in molybdenum. The data on various growth attributes, physiological indices, yield attributes, nutrient availability in the soil, nutrient uptake of the crop, economics, direct weather parameters and indirect weather parameters were collected and analysed with the recommended tool. Conventional tillage practice significantly enhanced plant height, the no. of branches, dry matter production (DMP), root nodules, root length, root dry weight plant population, CGR, RGR, NAR and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and yield attributes, viz., days to flowering, the number of seeds plant-1, seeds pod-1 and seed index (100-seed weight) than the conservation tillage practices. The result indicated that conventional tillage produced a greatly higher grain yield (1531.9 and 1688.8), stover yield (2475.8 and 2575.3) and harvest index (38.1 and 38.4) than the conservation tillage during both consecutive years. Likewise, crop uptake of NPK, gross return (87,058 and 93,874), net return (50,229 and 52,562), and B: C ratio (1.36 and 1.27) was also pointedly more in conventional tillage practices than the conservation tillage practices. Higher infiltration rates and lower bulk densities and higher boron and copper were recorded in conventional tillage. In contrast, soil moisture content, water holding capacity, porosity, SOC (soil organic carbon), available N, P, K and Zn were greatly higher in the conservation tillage in the cropping season of 2019-20 and 2020-21. Method of sprinkler irrigation recorded the maximum plant height, no. of branches, dry matter production (DMP), root nodules, root length, root dry weight, plant population stand, CGR, RGR, NAR and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) days to flowering, no. of seeds plant-1, seeds pod-1 and seed index (100- seed weight), grain yield (1487.3 and 1652.0), stover yield (2439.6 and 2556.3) and harvest index (37.7 and 38.0), crop uptake of NPK (stover and grain), total gross return (84,704 and 91,933), net return (49,319 and 53,201), B: C ratio (1.39 and 1.37) which was significantly surpassed over conventional irrigation. Regarding the soil properties, sprinkler irrigation recorded a higher infiltration rate, lower soil moisture content, higher EC, and higher available nitrogen in the cropping season of 2019-20 and 2020-21. With respect to micronutrient application methods, boron basal + molybdenum seed treatment recorded significantly higher plant height, no. of branches, dry matter production (DMP), root nodules, root length, root dry weight plant population, CGR, RGR, NAR and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) days to flowering, days to maturity, number of seeds plant-1, seeds pod-1 and seed index (100- seed weight), grain yield (1652.2 and 1826.0), stover yield (2499.9 and 2617.1) and harvest index (39.7 and 40.2), NPK uptake by crop, gross return (93,045 and 1,01,114), net return (57,137 and 61,717), B: C ratio (1.59 and 1.57) and it was at par with boron basal + molybdenum foliar. Micronutrient application methods showed no variation in soil physical, chemical and biological properties except boron and rhizobium colonies during two experimental years. The interaction between tillage practices, irrigation methods and methods of micronutrient application turned out to be significant in grain yield. Combined practices of sprinkler irrigation with boron basal + molybdenum seed treatment application under conventional tillage produced the highest grain yield (1901.7 and 2114.4) significantly among the interaction of micronutrient application method, irrigation methods and tillage practices, which was followed by a combination of boron basal + molybdenum foliar in sprinkler irrigation under conventional tillage practice (1778.5 and 1979.5). However, the application of boron as a foliar method in conventional irrigation under conservation tillage practice produced the lowest grain yield (1148.8 and 1235.1) significantly among the other combination of treatment in the first year.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Brown Manuring along with varying combination of Fe, Zn and Nano Urea on Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) under Rice – Wheat Cropping System(RPCAU, Pusa, 2023) BARALA, VIJESH KUMAR; Srivastava, Rajeev KumarThe research-work was conducted in the kharif and rabi season of 2022- 23 at Research-Farm RPCAU-Pusa, Bihar to study the “Effect of Brown Manuring along with varying combination of Fe, Zn and Nano Urea on Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) under Rice–Wheat Cropping System”. The experimental soil was a sandy-loam and had a low SOC (0.40%), low availability of N (211 kg ha-1) and K (110 kg ha-1), medium availability of P (11.0 kg ha-1), and pH was found in alkaline range i.e., 8.81. The major three objectives of current research work viz., to study the effect of Brown manuring along with varying combination of Fe, Zn and nano urea on growth and yield of DSR and its residual effect on Wheat under Rice-Wheat cropping system; to evaluate the performance of Brown manuring along with varying combination of Fe, Zn and Nano urea on physiological parameters and nutrient uptake of DSR under Rice-Wheat cropping system; to work out the economics. The current field study was done on Rice (DSR)-wheat cropping system with eight varying nutrient management strategies, which being administered in rice component crop only (variety: Rajendra Bhagwati) and data was also recorded for wheat (variety, DBW-252) besides rice in order to find the residual effect of different treatment in rice on succeeding component crop (wheat) to observe residual effect. The treatment details are mentioned here T1: 100% Recommended Dose of Nitrogen (RDN), T2: 100% RDN + Brown Manuring (BM), T3: 50% RDN + two foliar application of Nano Urea @ 0.4% at 25 & 55 DAS (Days After Sowing), T4: 50% RDN + two foliar application of Nano Urea @0.4% at 25 & 55 DAS + one foliar spray of FeSO4 @1% + ZnSO4 @0.5%, T5: 50% RDN + two spray of FeSO4 @1% & ZnSO4 @0.5%, T6: 50% RDN + BM + two foliar application of Nano Urea @0.4 % at 25 & 55 DAS, T7: 50% RDN+ BM + two foliar application of Nano Urea @0.4 % at 25 & 55 DAS + one foliar spray of FeSO4 @1% + ZnSO4 @0.5%, T8: 50% RDN + BM +two spray of FeSO4 @ 1% & ZnSO4 @ 0.5%. Whatever data generated for rice and wheat component crops were analysed by suitable statistical design i.e., Randomised Block Design (RBD) and experimental variables under study was randomised in replication block as well as replicated thrice. Recommended Dose of P and K was applied invariably in all different treatments. The one-year investigation revealed that application of 50% RDN+ BM + two foliar application of Nano Urea @0.4% at 25 & 55 DAS + one foliar spray of FeSO4 @1% + ZnSO4 @0.5% (T7) was found best in respect to almost all growth and yield attributing characters including plant height (cm), dry matter accumulation (g m-2), crop growth rate (g m-2 d-1), tiller numbers m-2, leaf count m-2, biomass partitioning (leaf, culm and panicle hill-1 g-1), canopy cover etc., as well as yield attributes (no. of panicle m-2, panicle length in cm and no. of grains panicle-1) & yields of rice and this treatment was found significantly better than 50% RDN + two foliar application of Nano Urea @ 0.4% at 25 & 55 DAS (T4) and over the rest treatments also. It means application of nano-urea along with the Fe, Zn and BM resulted in markedly higher growth and yield comparing to RDN only in the direct seeded rice. In following wheat crop, the significant effect of brown manuring being administered in rice crop (previous crop) had been observed, which showed residual effect BM applied in rice crop on succeeding crop wheat. The best growth and yield results including plant height (cm), DMA (Dry Matter Accumulation - gm-2), tiller numbers m-2, leaf count m-2, yield attributes (no. of spike m-2, spike length-cm, no. of spikelet spike-1 and no. of grains spike-1) and yields (grain and straw) of rice was found in T7 that involved the application of 50% RDN+ BM + two foliar application of Nano Urea @0.4 % at 25 & 55 DAS + one foliar spray of FeSO4 @1% + ZnSO4 @0.5% and this treatment was statistically at par with the other three treatments that had good crop growth in the previous crop and had brown manure. Regarding nutrient content in plants, it was found that application nano-N considerably changed the N content (%) of rice's grain and straw. However, there were no any significant differences between plants' P and K contents. T7 shows maximum content of N (nitrogen-%) and this was significantly higher than T4. After harvest of rice, from the soil nutrient (fertility) point of view, the OC (organic carbon) and nitrogen were found markedly higher in T7, T8, T2 and T6 as these all treatments had brown manuring. Maximum OC and N were found by the application of 50% RDN+ BM + two foliar application of Nano Urea @0.4 % at 25 & 55 DAS + one foliar spray of FeSO4 @1% + ZnSO4 @0.5%, which was markedly higher as compared to 100% RDN (T1) and other non-BM treatments. Under rice (DSR)-wheat cropping system approach, it was noted that the application of 50% RDN+ BM + two foliar application of nano urea @0.4 % at 25 & 55 DAS + one foliar spray of FeSO4 @1% + ZnSO4 @0.5% (T7¬) resulted in the maximum values of gross returns (Rs. 263099 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 177093 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.06). It can be inferred from this investigation that the application of 50% RDN+ BM + two foliar application of Nano Urea @0.4 % at 25 & 55 DAS + one foliar spray of FeSO4 @1% + ZnSO4 @0.5% resulted maximum growth, yield, and economics of the rice cultivation, and the residual efficacy of brown manuring and the application of RDF dose in wheat gave maximum growth and yield. Finally, the overall economics of the system was lucidly increased and showed its marked economic viability.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of brown manuring and different levels of nutrients on the performance of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa. L)(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) M, Poornima Reddy; Chaudhary, S.K.The field experiment entitled “Effect of brown manuring and different levels of nutrients on the performance of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was conducted on sandy loam soil at the experimental farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar during kharif season, 2019. The soil of the experiment site was found to be calcareous in nature, sandy loam in texture and alkaline in reaction with a pH of 8.3. It was deficient in organic carbon (0.45%), available nitrogen (243 kg N/ha), available phosphorous (11 kg/ha) and potassium (112 kg/ha). This experiment was conducted in randomized block design (factorial) with sixteen treatment combinations replicated thrice using the rice variety “Abhishek” as a test crop. The two factors under study comprised of (A) System of cultivation: B1 – Rice alone, B2 – Rice + Dhaincha (Brown manuring @ 40 kg/ha which is knocked down at 25 DAS using a post-emergence herbicide) and (B) Different levels of nutrients: F1- 60 kg/ha phosphorous and 40 kg/ha potassium as basal, F2- 60 kg/ha phosphorous and 50 kg/ha potassium as basal, F3- 60 kg/ha phosphorous and 40 kg/ha potassium as split, F4- 60 kg/ha phosphorous and 50 kg/ha potassium as split, F5- 70 kg/ha phosphorous and 40 kg/ha potassium as basal, F6- 70 kg/ha phosphorous and 50 kg/ha potassium as basal, F7- 70 kg/ha phosphorous and 40 kg/ha potassium as split, F8- 70 kg/ha phosphorous and 50 kg/ha potassium as split. Standard package and practices of crop management were followed during the experiment. Complete dose of phosphorous was applied as basal application whereas urea (RDN-140 kg/ha) was applied in three split doses as basal (50%), active tillering (25%) and panicle initiation (25%) and potassium was applied in two split doses (60% as basal and 40% at panicle initiation stage). The results obtained from the experiment revealed that brown manuring and different levels of phosphorous and potassium had a prominent influence on growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and economics of aerobic rice. Higher values of growth parameters (Plant height, tillers/m2, dry matter production and crop growth rate) were observed in rice without dhaincha at 25 DAS since rice + brown manuring treatments witnessed higher biological pressure and competition exerted by dhaincha as well as the shading effect of its canopy. As a result, treatment B1 produced higher growth indices initially which were anyways non-significant. However, at the later stages, treatment B2 recorded significantly maximum values of all the growth parameters except plant height(cm). Most of the yield attributes (panicles/m2 and grains/panicle), yield (grain and straw), OC (%) and available N in soil, N, P and K uptake by both grain and straw were significantly higher with inclusion of dhaincha in rice in treatment B2. It was also found to be the most profitable treatment with regards to gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio. While amongst the nutrient levels, treatment F8- 70 kg/ha phosphorous and 50 kg/ha potassium as split recorded significantly higher growth parameters ( tillers/m2 , dry matter production and crop growth rate), yield attributes (panicles/m2 , grains/panicle), yield (grain and straw), N, P and K uptake (grain and straw) and economic returns (gross returns, net returns and B: C ratio) while remaining at par with treatment F4 -60 kg/ha phosphorous and 50 kg/ha potassium as split. Plant height, panicle length, test weight and harvest index remained unaffected by any of these treatments. However, the interaction effect of both the factors did not significantly influence any of the parameters. Thus, from this experimentation it can be inferred that brown manuring and application of 140kg N, 60kg P2O5 and 50kg K2O as split provided beneficial results for aerobic rice cultivation and for the recommendation to farmers.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of brown manuring and nitrogen management practices on growth and yield of Aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L)(DRPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, 2019) Sarma, Smita; Chaudhary, S.K.The present field experiment to study the ―Effect of brown manuring and nitrogen management practices on growth and yield of aerobic rice.‖ was conducted during kharif season of 2018 at the Crop Research Centre of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur) Bihar. The soil of the experiment field was calcareous in nature containing 32.3% free CaCO3, sandy loam in texture and alkaline in reaction with a pH of 8.2. It was moderately fertile being deficient in available boron (0.48 ppm), low in organic carbon (0.44%) and available nitrogen (248 kg N/ha) while medium in available phosphorus (27.8 kg P2O5/ha) potassium (134.99 kg K2O/ha) and zinc (0.87 ppm), but high in available iron (15.13 ppm). The experiment was conducted in randomised block design (factorial) which was replicated thrice taking the variety ‗Sahbhagi Dhan‘ as a test crop. The factors under study comprised of (A) Seed rate and days of incorporation of green manure (Dhaincha): S1-Dhaincha seed rate @ 30 kg/ha and B.M. at 25 DAS, S2-Dhaincha seed rate @ 30 kg/ha and B.M. at 30 DAS, S3-Dhaincha seed rate @ 40 kg/ha and B.M. at 25 DAS, S4-Dhaincha seed rate @ 40 kg/ha and B.M. at 30 DAS, S5-Dhaincha seed rate @ 50 kg/ha and B.M. at 25 DAS, S6-Dhaincha seed rate @ 50 kg/ha and B.M. at 30 DAS, S7-Rice alone (without dhaincha) and (B) Nitrogen levels in kg/ha: N1- 75% RDN, N2-100% RDN, N3- 125% RDN. Standard package and practices of crop management were followed. 60 kg P2O5/ha and 40 kg K2O/ha fertilizers were applied as basal whereas urea was applied as per treatment in three split doses as basal (50%), active tilleing (25%) and panicle initiation (25%). The experimental findings revealed that brown manuring as well as nitrogen levels had a profound influence on growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and economics of aerobic rice. Significantly higher values of growth parameters (tillers m-2, dry matter production and crop growth rate) were observed in rice without dhaincha at 30 DAS since rice + brown manuring treatments witnessed higher biological pressure exerted by higher seed rates of dhaincha as well as the shading effect of its canopy. As a result, treatment S6 produced taller plants at all the growth stages. However, at the later stages, treatment S3 recorded maximum value of growth parameters but failed to reach a level of significance. Most of the yield attributes (panicle weight and grains panicle-1), yield (grain and straw), N uptake (grain and straw) were higher with Dhaincha seed rate @ 40 kg/ha and B.M. at 25 DAS (S3). It was also found to be the most profitable treatment in regards to gross returns, net returns and B: C ratio. While among the nitrogen levels, 125% RDN recorded significantly higher growth parameters (plant height, tillers m-2, dry matter production and crop growth rate), yield attributes (panicles m-2, panicle weight, grains panicle-1), yield (grain and straw), N uptake (grain and straw) and economic returns (gross returns, net returns and B: C ratio) while remaining at par with 100% RDN. Panicle length, test weight and harvest index remained unaffected by any of the treatments. Thus, it can be inferred that the combined use of Dhaincha @ 40 kg/ha and brown manuring at 25 days after sowing along with 100% recommended dose of nitrogen is beneficial for realizing maximum economic benefits, higher productivity, reduced fertilizer use and improve soil fertility.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF CONCENTRATED ORGANIC MANURE, NITROGEN AND SULPHUR ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGARCANE(DRPCAU, Pusa, 1998) Choudhary, Chida Nand; Sinha, U.P.