Browsing by Author "kumar, pawan"
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON OCCURRENCE OF MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM SUBSPECIES PARATUBERCULOSIS IN BOVINE WITH REFERENCE TO SEROLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS(DUVASU, 2006) kumar, pawan; bhatiya, a.knaerobic fungi were found in the rumen of sheep fed a tropical hay, and they appeared to contribute to digestion when there was adequate dietary sulfur (Akin et al. 1983). In a study of sulfur-deficient wheat straw fed to a sheeo. Gordon et al. ( 1983) showed thar rwo typei of anaerobic fungi were present in the rumen. In culture, one fungus produced an obvious mycelium and resembled Neocallimasti frontalis (Orpin 1975), whereas the other produced a sporangium from "spherical bodies" and resembled Spftaeromonas communis (Orpin 1976). The straw diet did not support normal populations of these fungi. However, dietary methionine supplementation allowed the proliferation of the mycelial type (MT) but not the non-mycelial type (NMT) (Gordon et al. 1983). We now report the in vitro digestion of milled wheat straw by these fungi. Two cultures of each fungal type were isolated (Joblin 198I) from antibiotic-containing agar ro11 tubes of medium-l0 (Caldwell and Bryant 1966), with added 0.05% xyian, and dispensed under CO, into Hungate culture tubes (Bellco, Vineland, N.J. USA). The isolates were maintained at 39"C in broths by transfer into fresh medium every 34 days. Culture tubes containing 0.25 g air-dried, milled (< I mm) wheat straw and 10 mL basal medium-lO (as above, but no added carbohydrates or antibiotics) were autoclaved at 1 1 0 KPa for 15 min. For each isolate, 16 tubes were separately inoculated with 0.5 mL of a well-brown broth culture. The residues remaining after incubation at 39"C for 4 days (MT-1 and -2) or 5 days (NMT-1 and -2) were analyzed in quadruplicate for organic matter, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), permanganate cellulose and permanganate-oxidized lignin by adapting exCan. J. Anim. Sci. 64 (Suppl.): 156-157 (Sept. 1984) isting methods (Goering and Van Soest 1970) to semi-micro crucibles (10 mL capacity; Filtrex, Moorooka, Queensiand, Aust.). The analytical data for each fungus were compared with identically analyzed wheat straw from uninoculated culture tubes. The milled wheat straw used in this study was composed of 92.9Vo dry matter and, on a dry matter basis, 96.6Vo organic matter,80.7Vo NDF, 52.6% ADF , 43 .57o cellulose and 17 .3Vo lignin. The results of the in vitro digestion of straw components by both MT and NMT fungi are shown in Table 1. Much more organic matter, NDF, ADF and cellulose fractions were digested by the MT fungi. However, very little, if any, of the lignin component was solubilized after incubation with either of the fungal types. The in vitro digestion of fiber by anaerobic fungi confirmed the role played by these microorganisms in the overall digestion of dietary plant fiber in the rumen. The quantities of fiber fractions digested from straw are considerably less than those digested from grass hay reported for similar fungi by Orpin (1981). These differences in digestion are particularly large for the NMT fungi, and could be due either to the different source of fibers used or to the different analytical methods. As suggested by Orpin (1976) the inability of NMT fungi to produce a filamentous mycelium may be an artefact of growth in culture. However, the effect that possession of "spherical bodies" may have on the degradative ability of these fungi remains unknown. The response to dietary methionine by MT fungi in the rumen (Gordon et al. 1983) suggests that these fu