Browsing by Author "Yogita"
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ThesisItem Open Access Decolourization and Detoxification of Direct Blue Textile azo dye Using Bacteria(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Yogita; Ranga, PoonamIn India industrialization resulted in discharge of large amount of effluent to the environment leads to pollution. There are severely harmful impacts of dyes discharged into wastewater as well as their decomposition products are poisonous, cancerous or mutagenic to human beings & other causing health concerns (Roy DC et al., 2018). Due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness in synthesis, firmness and range of colors of synthetic dyes are commonly used in a various industries. (Kurade et al., 2016; Ajaz et al., 2019). There are various methods to treat the industrial effluent such a physical, chemical and biological method for decolourization of azo dyes. Microorganisms play a crucial role in minerali- zation and decomposition of contaminants. Therefore, microbial decolourization of dyes has gained popularity in recent years due to their ease of rapid growth of cells and exponential rise. A total of 52 bacterial isolates were retrieved from different soil and sludge samples collected from various industrial sites. Screening of bacterial isolates was done on the basis of their ability to de- colourize Direct blue dye. In primary screening six bacterial isolates (YPR 5, YPR 13, YPR 25, YPR 34, YPR 36 and YPR 44) were selected on the basis of their decolourization potential for direct blue dye (10mgL-1). In secondary screening, decolourization efficiency of selected bacterial isolates was determined with respect to time and dye concentration. Maximum decolourization was shown by bacterial isolates YPR 36 (66.9%) and YPR 25 (62.5%) at dye concentration of 200 mgL-1 and YPR 5 (54.4%) at 100 mgL-1 after incubation period of 72 h. Optimization of cultural conditions to maximize decolourization was carried out using different parameters viz. temperature, pH and shaking/static cul- ture conditions. Under optimized conditions, maximum deolourization was observed using bacterial isolates YPR 36 (74.8%), YPR 25 (66.9%) and YPR 5 (61.6%) after 72 h. To determine the phenome- na of decolourization either by biodegradation or adsorption, both living as were as autoclaved cells of isolates were used. Selected bacterial isolates were checked for their decolourization efficiency in tex- tile effluent at different concentration (25-100%). Maximum decolourization was shown by YPR 36 (48.5%) using textile effluent concentration of 25%. Toxic effect of treated and untreated effluents was tested on Chick pea (Cicer arietinum), Green gram (Vigna radiata) and Black gram (Vigna mungo). Germination percentage, plumule and radical size were measured. Treated effluents were found to be less inhibitory to seed germination and seedling growth in comparison to untreated effluents. Based on molecular characteristics (16s rRNA gene sequencing) the promising isolates i.e. YPR 5, YPR 25 and YPR 36 were identified as Pseudochrobactrum kiredjianiae strain YPR 5, Brevundimo- nas diminuta YPR 25 and Alcaligenes faecalis YPR 36, respectivelyThesisItem Open Access Enhancing biofortified pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.] productivity through bio-regulators and FeSO4 under rainfed conditions(CCSHAU, 2019) Yogita; Anil KumarThe present investigations entitled “Enhancing biofortified pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.] productivity through bio-regulators and ferrous sulphate under rainfed conditions” was conducted at Research Area of Bajra Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during kharif season of 2018 with the objectives to find out the effect of bio-regulators and foliar application of FeSO4 on growth, physiology, yield, quality and economics of biofortified pearl millet hybrids. The experiment consisting of 16 different treatments i.e., four pearl millet hybrids & variety [HHB 299 (Biofortified hybrid), AHB 1200 (Biofortified hybrid), HHB 272 (Hybrid) and one variety Dhanshakti)] and four levels of bio regulators and FeSO4 spray [Control, Thiourea (1000 ppm) at 20-25 and 40-45 days after sowing (DAS), Salicylic (100 ppm) at 20-25 and 40-45 days after sowing (DAS) & FeSO4 @ 0.5 % at 25-30 days after sowing (DAS)] were laid out in split plot design with three replications. Phenological events revealed that the hybrid HHB 299 took more number of days for flag leaf stage (45.9 days), boot stage (47.8 days), 50% flowering (52.3 days), milk stage (65.3 days), dough stage (72.3 days), and physiological maturity (78.3 days) as compared to all other hybrids. The highest grain yield (38.94 q ha-1) was obtained with the hybrid HHB 299 whereas, lowest yield (28.84 q ha-1) in Dhanshakti variety. Hybrid HHB 299 recorded 3.05, 5.75, 10.10 q/ha higher grain yield than AHB 1200, HHB 272 and Dhanshakti, respectively. The stover yield of hybrid HHB 299 was 5.38, 20.87, 12.96 q ha-1 higher over AHB 1200, HHB 272 and Dhanshakti, respectively. The higher values of relative water content at 40 DAS was observed in hybrid AHB 1200 (83.2 %) over HHB 299 (82.5 %), HHB 272 (80.9%) and Dhanshakti (79.1%), respectively. Maximum N content (1.69%), protein content (10.55%), protein yield (411.7 kg/ha) and Fe content (75.6 ppm) were found in HHB 299 followed by AHB 1200 (73.3 ppm). The net returns with the HHB 299 hybrid were Rs.6970, Rs. 15178, Rs. 22157 higher over AHB 1200, HHB 272 and Dhanshakti, whereas, the B:C was higher by 0.17, 0.37 and 0.54, respectively. Effect of Bio-regulators and FeSO4 studies on pearl millet revealed that there was earliness to 50% flowering, milk stage, dough stage and physiological maturity due to bio-regulators (Salicylic acid & Thiourea) and ferrous sulphate application. CGR, RGR and NAR were found significantly higher during 21-40 DAS, 41-60 DAS and 61-harvest in salicylic acid treatment over control. Chlorophyll content was found significantly highest with the application of thiourea over control but remained statistically at par with FeSO4 and salicylic acid treatment during 35-40 DAS. Salicylic acid spray treatment had higher total tillers plant-1, effective tillers plant-1, ear head length, ear head girth over control but remained statistically at par with thiourea spray treatment at harvest. 1000 grain weight was found maximum in thiourea treatment. Nitrogen, protein and Fe contents were significantly improved with the application of FeSO4 than control but remained statistically at par with the thiourea and salicylic acid. Maximum Iron content was recorded in ferrous sulphate (71.3 ppm) which was significantly superior to control (62.8 ppm). The foliar application of salicylic acid exhibited significantly highest gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio (Rs. 85840 ha-1, Rs. 4427 ha-1 and 2.07) over Thiourea ( Rs. 83671 ha-1 , Rs. 40287 ha-1 and 1.93), Ferrous sulphate (Rs. 77571 ha-1 , Rs. 36314 ha-1 and 1.88) and control ( Rs. 74485 ha-1, Rs. 34938 ha-1 and 1.88).ThesisItem Open Access Extraction of berberine from Berberis spp. using different method and concentration.(Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, 2021) Yogita; Bunkar, Durga ShankarThe present study entitled, “Extraction of Berberine from Berberis spp using different method and concentration” was undertaken in the laboratory of Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology with the aim of extraction using different extraction techniques from Berberis aristata and B. lycium. Berberis is a promising source of various secondary metabolites including benzylisoquinoline (berberine), natural alkaloid which is a principle active compound of this plant. Other active compounds are berbamine, oxyberberine, aromoline, oxyacanthine, palmatine. It is being used as general tonic as well as a cure for morbidity arising from different kinds of diseases. It is used in the treatment of diabetes, jaundice, malarial fever, provide relief in eye and ear infection, wound healing, gastrointestinal disorders, effective in rheumatism, analgesic action against various skin diseases, cancer, diuretic, stomachic, and anti-convulsive and also as a stimulant. Chemical characterization of isolated extract from Berberis aristata and Berberis lycium included proximate analysis covering estimation of moisture, ash, fat content, protein, phenolic content and carbohydrate. The quantitative analysis of berberine in extract was done using HPLC. The samples for quantitative analysis from roots of B. aristata and B. lycium from Solan district of Himachal Pradesh. From the present study, it can be inferred that the antioxidant activity of the extract of roots of Berberis aristata and Berberis lycium which was determined using DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay exhibited dose-dependent radical scavenging activity. The proximate analysis has shown that moisture and ash content are high in B. aristata as compared to B. lycium. While, the proportions of Protein, Fat, Crude Fibre and Total Carbohydrates are present in high amounts in B. lycium as compared to B. aristata. In order to develop and validate an efficient method for the analysis of berberine in extracts of different solvents and concentration were explored. According to the past studies the detection wavelength used is 346 nm and the mobile phase of acetonitrile/buffer used in gradient flow. Before fully implementing in the quantitative determination of berberine, this method was thoroughly validated for its linearity, specificity, accuracy, precision and intermediate precision, and robustness under various modified conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Physio-Chemical, nutritional and product development properties of underutilized crops of Himachal Pradesh(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2006) Yogita; Dhaliwal, Y.S.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on osmoprotective role of trehalose in thermotolerance of wheat (triticum aestivum L.)(CCSHAU, 2012) Yogita; Madan, ShashiThe present investigation was carried out to study the osmoprotective role of trehalose in thermotolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two wheat genotypes viz. WH-730 (thermotolerant) and WH-711 (thermo-sensitive) were grown under control conditions in seed germinator at 25ºC. The 10 days old seedlings were exposed to 35ºC. These seedlings were supplied with Hogland solution containing 1mM and 2mM trehalose. All biochemical (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) and physiological parameters were studied in the leaves of control (25ºC), stressed (35ºC) and trehalose (1mM and 2mM) treated seedlings on 15th day of germination. Analysis of data revealed that activity of H2O2 scavenging enzymes such as CAT, POX and APX increased under heat stress in both the genotypes while decreased with the increasing concentration of trehalose from 1mM to 2mM. The LOX activity, MDA and H2O2 content increased under heat stress conditions when compared with controls reflecting the higher lipid peroxidation and free radical production under stressed conditions whereas trehalose helped to recover from damage due to lipid peroxidation and free radical production. The metabolites like ascorbic acid and trehalose were increased under stressed conditions. Upon trehalose treatment, reduction in ascorbic acid content was observed while trehalose content further increased under trehalose treatment. The glucose content reduced under heat stress, but increased in treated seedlings. Physiological parameters like relative water content, osmotic potential, membrane thermo-stability and ratio of chlorophyll a and b were found to be higher in trehalose treated seedlings in comparison to stressed conditions. Excised leaf water loss capacity (ELWL) increased under stress conditions whereas trehalose treatment decreased ELWL.