Browsing by Author "Vivek"
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OtherItem Open Access Bacterial Etiology and Antibiogram of Foot Ailments in Captive Asian Elephants of Guruvayur Elephant Sanctuary, Kerala(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2012-09) Subramanian, K.S.; Ranjani, S.; Purushothaman, V.; Vivek; Nambiar; TANUVASThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF PLANTING DATES, TILLAGE AND RESIDUE MANAGEMENT ON WEED DYNAMICS AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY IN WHEAT UNDER RICE-WHEAT SYSTEM(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2015) CHOUDHARY, MEENA; Vivek; Raghuvir Singh, B.P. Dhyani,Vivak Kumar,P.C. SharmaRice–wheat cropping system provides the staple grain supply for a large portion of the world’s population and is critically important for global food security. In south Asia, this system produces more than 30% of the rice and 42% of wheat and covers around 13.5 million hectare of cultivated land. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely grown and consumed food crop and is the staple food for 35% of the world population. In India, wheat is not only constitutes the basic component of human diet and staple food but also contributes 14.4 % of the value added agriculture and 3.1 % to GDP. Tillage Practices, late sowing, poor crop establishment, lodging, water management and weed are some common factors behind yield stagnation. Wheat is generally has problem of both, grassy weed and broad leaves weeds. These weeds are responsible for low productivity of wheat by sharing a greater part of nutrients, moisture, space and light with the crop. Keeping above facts in view, the present investigation was conducted for one year (2013-14) at Crop Research Centre, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana) during rabi season to work out weed dynamics and crop productivity in wheat under different tillage with or without residue management and planting dates. The field experiment consisting 12 treatment combinations (4 tillage and residue management practices viz.; conventional tillage, zero tillage, zero tillage with anchored residue and zero tillage with full residue; and 3 planting dates viz.; 25-October, 5-November and 15-November) laid out in Split Plot Design with four replications. Zero tillage with full residue recorded significantly better growth parameters (except plant height and number of tillers) at all the growth stages, yield attributes, yield (Grain yield 5.08 t ha-1) and (Straw yield 7.05 t ha-1) and economic returns of wheat over rest of the tillage management practices. In case of weed dynamics zero tillage with full residue recorded minimum weed density and biomass at all the growth stages over rest of the treatments while maximum was recorded under conventional tillage. Zero tillage with full residue significantly improved available phosphorous and potassium over rest of the treatments while, failed to affect available N and organic carbon in soil after harvest of the crop. Among the planting dates 25-October sowing of wheat recorded maximum and significantly higher growth parameters (except total number of tillers), yield attributes, yield (Grain yield 4.91 t ha-1) and (Straw yield 7.17 t ha-1) and economic returns over 15-November sowing. Early planting wheat recorded minimum weed density and biomass at all the growth stages compared to late planting. 25-October sowing of wheat also improved available phosphorous and potassium over rest of the planting dates while, failed to affect available N and organic carbon. Therefore, a combination of Zero tillage with full residue and early planting of wheat (25-October), may be recommended for better weed management, higher yield, higher productivity and net returns.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF PLANTING DATES, TILLAGE AND RESIDUE MANAGEMENT ON WEED DYNAMICS AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY IN WHEAT UNDER RICE-WHEAT SYSTEM(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2015) CHOUDHARY, MEENA; Vivek; Raghuvir Singh, B.P. Dhyani,Vivak Kumar,P.C. SharmaRice–wheat cropping system provides the staple grain supply for a large portion of the world’s population and is critically important for global food security. In south Asia, this system produces more than 30% of the rice and 42% of wheat and covers around 13.5 million hectare of cultivated land. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely grown and consumed food crop and is the staple food for 35% of the world population. In India, wheat is not only constitutes the basic component of human diet and staple food but also contributes 14.4 % of the value added agriculture and 3.1 % to GDP. Tillage Practices, late sowing, poor crop establishment, lodging, water management and weed are some common factors behind yield stagnation. Wheat is generally has problem of both, grassy weed and broad leaves weeds. These weeds are responsible for low productivity of wheat by sharing a greater part of nutrients, moisture, space and light with the crop. Keeping above facts in view, the present investigation was conducted for one year (2013-14) at Crop Research Centre, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana) during rabi season to work out weed dynamics and crop productivity in wheat under different tillage with or without residue management and planting dates. The field experiment consisting 12 treatment combinations (4 tillage and residue management practices viz.; conventional tillage, zero tillage, zero tillage with anchored residue and zero tillage with full residue; and 3 planting dates viz.; 25-October, 5-November and 15-November) laid out in Split Plot Design with four replications. Zero tillage with full residue recorded significantly better growth parameters (except plant height and number of tillers) at all the growth stages, yield attributes, yield (Grain yield 5.08 t ha-1) and (Straw yield 7.05 t ha-1) and economic returns of wheat over rest of the tillage management practices. In case of weed dynamics zero tillage with full residue recorded minimum weed density and biomass at all the growth stages over rest of the treatments while maximum was recorded under conventional tillage. Zero tillage with full residue significantly improved available phosphorous and potassium over rest of the treatments while, failed to affect available N and organic carbon in soil after harvest of the crop. Among the planting dates 25-October sowing of wheat recorded maximum and significantly higher growth parameters (except total number of tillers), yield attributes, yield (Grain yield 4.91 t ha-1) and (Straw yield 7.17 t ha-1) and economic returns over 15-November sowing. Early planting wheat recorded minimum weed density and biomass at all the growth stages compared to late planting. 25-October sowing of wheat also improved available phosphorous and potassium over rest of the planting dates while, failed to affect available N and organic carbon. Therefore, a combination of Zero tillage with full residue and early planting of wheat (25-October), may be recommended for better weed management, higher yield, higher productivity and net returns.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of sowing time, leaf cuttings and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of Beet leaf (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-12) Vivek; Tehlan, S.K.The field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Research Farm of the Department, Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the effect of sowing time, leaf cuttings and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of beet leaf. The experiment was laid out in a Split-Split Plot Design with 27 treatment applications comprised of three sowing dates (22th October, 05th November and 20th November) as main plots, three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (60, 80 and 100 kg N/ha) as sub plots and three levels of leaf cutting (no leaf cutting, one leaf cutting and two leaf cuttings) as sub-sub plots replicated thrice. Morphological parameters like plant height, leaf number, leaf dimensions were recorded significantly higher in 22th October crop with application of 80 kg N/ha and one leaf cutting, as compared to other levels. Phenological parameters like days to 50 % bolting and seed maturity was recorded significantly higher in 22th October crop with application of 100 kg N/ha and two leaf cuttings, as compared to other levels. Yield contributing parameters viz., number of spikes per plant, number of seeds per spike, seed yield per hectare and biological yield along with quality parameters viz., test weight, germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight and vigour indices were recorded highest in 22th October crop with 80 kg N/ha and one leaf cutting, as compared to other levels. Further, the interaction of sowing time, nitrogen level and leaf cutting significantly affected almost all the growth, yield and seed quality parameters. The highest BC ratio (1.71 and 1.75) with net returns (INR 118668/ha and INR 126462/ha) was observed in beet leaf crop sown on 22th October with application of 80 kg N/ha & one leaf cutting. In the end, it is concluded that for achieving the higher yield, better seed quality and net profit, the beet leaf crop may be sown on 22th October with application of 80 kg N/ha and one leaf cutting.ThesisItem Open Access “Effect of weed and nutrient management on performance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and associated weeds”(Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, 2019) Kumar, Santosh; VivekBarley is the most important food grain crop among cereals and stands next only to rice in our country. It has significantly contributed in the success of the green revolution and has greatly helped to transform our country from a situation of ship to mouth to being set-sufficient. Barley is a good supplement for nutritional requirement of human body as it contains 8-10% protein and 69.6% carbohydrates, 1.3% fat, 3.9% crude fiber. The productivity of barley is low. The main reasons are weed infestation and optimum plant nutrients to address these problems. A field experiment was conducted during 2015-16 and 2016-17at Crop Research Center, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.) to evaluate the Effect of weed and nutrient management on performance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and associated weeds. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The experiment comprised five levels of nutrients viz.; 100% NPK, 75% N-PK + 25% N through FYM, 75% N-PK + 25% N through vermicompost, 50% N-PK + 50% N through FYM, 50% N-PK + 50% N through vermicompost as main plot and four levels of weed control measures viz; Control, Two hand weeding, Trisulfuron 15g a.i ha-1 and Carfentrazone ethyl 15g a.i ha-1 as sub plot. Soil was sandy loam in texture with pH 8.3. Available N, P and K were 201.15, 14.7 and 192.32 kg ha-1, respectively. The significantly higher number of yield attributes and yield was obtained with the application of 75% N-PK + 25% N through vermicompost followed by 100% NPK. While reduction in weed density and weed dry matter accumulation was highest with the application of 75% N-PK + 25% N through vermicompost and it was more economical due to higher gross returns, net returns and B: C ratio. Among the different weed control practices the highest cost of cultivation and gross return was observed in two hand weeding closely followed by Trisulfuron 15g a.i ha-1. Net return and B:C ratio and weed control efficiency was observed highest in Two hand weeding closely followed by Trisulfuron 15g a.i ha-1 and Carfentrazone ethyl 15g a.i ha-1 Among the weed management practices, weed control treatments gave significantly higher yield attributes and yield compared to control. Among the herbicides Trisulfuron 15g a.i ha-1 was found more effective over Carfentrazone ethyl 15g a.i ha-1. The mean contribution of Phalaris minor to the total weed population in two hand weeding was 22.73, 25 and 24.61 per cent at 30, 60 and 90 DAS respectively. Among non-grassy weeds Chenopodium album and Melilotus spp. were dominant weed species. The contribution of others weeds in the total weed population was 16.65, 17.29 and 12.43 per cent, respectively at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing. It is concluded that the adoption of 75% NPK + 25% N through vermicompost being statistically at par with 100% NPK improved the growth, yield attributing characters and yield of barley crop significantly and is found much profitable. Among the weed control practices Trisulfuron 15g a.i ha-1 improved the different growth parameters yield attributes and yield of barley crop over the control. Nutrient uptake by crop, status of the soil also improved with the integration of organic and inorganic sources as of plant nutrient. Thus 75% N-PK + 25% N through vermicompost with Trisulfuron 15g a.i ha-1 may be recommended for better weed control and higher barley yield.ThesisItem Open Access “Effect of weed management practices on weed dynamics, yield and monetary returns of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”(SARDARVALLABH BHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE MEERUT 250110, 2020) Chaudhary, Preeti; VivekRice (Oryza sativa L.) is a monocot plant belongs to genus Oryza under tribe Oryzae in grass family Poaceae. Rice is very rich in genetic diversity, with thousands of varieties grown throughout the world. Rice is major staple crop of the world to diet of 2.7 billion people and its contain, 7-8% protein, 3% fat and 3% fiber. Until recently, rice was considered only a starch food and a source of carbohydrates and some amount of protein. In India, rice occupies an area of 43.79 mha with production and productivity of 112.91 mt and 2.58 tonnes ha-1 respectively. The investigation entitled “Effect of weed management practices on weed dynamics, yield and monetary returns of rice” was carried out at the Crop Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, U.P. during kharif season of 2019. The experiment was conducted in R.B.D with three replications comprising ten treatments of weed management i.e Weedy check, weed free, One hand weeding at 40 DAT+ Bispyribac-Na (25 g a.i/ha) at 15 DAT, Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 20 DAT, One hand weeding at 15 DAT+ Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 30 DAT, One hand weeding at 20 DAT+ Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 35 DAT, One hand weeding at 25 DAT+ Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 40 DAT, Pretilachlor (750 g a.i/ha) at 3 DAT + Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 20 DAT, Pretilachlor (750 g a.i/ha) at 3 DAT+ Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 25 DAT and Pretilachlor (750 g a.i/ha) at 3 DAT+ Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 30 DAT were used for the experimentation. Different observations were recorded during the crop growth period. The results indicated that the application of Pretilachlor (750 g a.i/ha) at 3 DAT + Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 20 DAT significantly reduced the weed population and dry weight over weedy check. The highest plant height, number of tillers (m-2), dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, higher protein content, 1000-grain weight, weed control efficiency, nutrient content and grain yield (38.80 q ha-1), were recorded with the application of Pretilachlor (750 g a.i/ha) at 3 DAT + Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 20 DAT, which established its superiority over rest of the herbicidal treatments. The total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by rice crop was also highest (77.06, 18.45 and 75.01 kg ha-1), with the application of Pretilachlor (750 g a.i/ha) at 3 DAT + Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 20 DAT and 42.45 and 22.50 per cent increase in grains and straw yield as compared to weedy check in rice crop. The application of Pretilachlor (750 g a.i/ha) at 3 DAT + Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 20 DAT resulted in to higher gross return, net return and B: C ratio. Thus the application of Pretilachlor (750 g a.i/ha) at 3 DAT + Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 20 DAT found better for sustainability of rice crop yield.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of weed competitive abilities of rice varieties under different chemical weed management practices in direct seeded rice(Department of Agronomy, BAU, Sabour, 2017-07) Vivek; Singh, Mahesh KumarThe present investigation entitled “Evaluation of weed competitive abilities of rice varieties under different chemical weed management practices in direct seeded rice” was conducted during the kharif season 2016 at the Research Farm, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur to find out effect of different chemical weed management practices and varieties on growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, weed dynamics, nutrient uptake and economics of direct seeded rice. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with four levels of weed management practices viz. W1 (pendimethalin 30 % EC @ 750 g a.i. ha-1), W2 (bispyribac sodium 10 SC @ 30 g a.i. ha-1), W3 (pendimethalin 30% EC @ 750 g a.i. ha-1 followed by bispyribac sodium 10 SC @ 30 g a.i. ha-1) and W4 (control) in main plot and five varieties viz. V1 (Swarna Shreya), V2 (Sahbhagi Dhan), V3 (DRR Dhan 41),V4 (DRR Dhan 42) and V5 (DRR Dhan 44) in sub plot and replicated thrice. The experimental plot was loamy in texture, neutral pH (7.25), medium in organic carbon (0.55%) and low in available nitrogen (201.25 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (22.38 kg ha-1) and available potassium (215.5 kg ha-1). Sequential application of pendimethalin followed by bispyribac-sodium resulted in significant growth characters and yield attributes but at par to sole application of bispyribac-sodium. As regards to varieties, significantly higher growth characters and yield attributes were noticed with Sahbhagi Dhan which was remained at par with variety Swarna Shreya. Significantly higher grain yield (37.88 q ha-1) was recorded with sequential application of pendimethalin followed by bispyribac-sodium which was 50.14% higher over weedy check. As regards to varieties, Sahbhagi Dhan recorded significantly higher grain yield (38.82 q ha-1) but remained at par (37.28 q ha-1) with variety Swarna Shreya. Whereas, interaction effect between sequential application of pendimethalin followed by bispyribac-sodium x Sahbhagi Dhan produced significantly higher grain yield (46.00 q ha-1) which showed (43.33 q ha-1) parity with pendimethalin followed by bispyribac-sodium x Swarna Shreya. Weed population (number m-2) and weed dry weight (g m-2) were noticed lowest while weed control efficiency (71.78%) was recorded highest with sequential application of pendimethalin followed by bispyribac-sodium. Among varieties, Sahbhagi Dhan recorded significantly lowest weed population (number m-2) and weed dry weight (g m-2) but parity with variety Swarna Shreya and DRR Dhan 44 while, weed control efficiency (48.56%) was recorded highest in variety Swarna Shreya remained at par to variety Sahbhagi Dhan. Highest gross return, net return and B:C ratio were recorded with sequential application of pendimethalin followed by bispyribac-sodium. Among varieties, highest gross return, net return and B:C ratio was recorded in variety Sahbhagi Dhan. The interaction effect was found significant between treatment on gross return (Rs. 86708 ha-1), net return (Rs. 55579 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.79) were noticed significantly higher with application of pendimethalin followed by bispyribac-sodium x Sahbhagi Dhan) but remained at par with pendimethalin followed by bispyribac-sodium x Swarna Shreya. The results of one year study lead to conclusion that sequential application of pendimethalin followed by bispyribac-sodium along with either variety Sahbhagi Dhan or variety Swarna Shreya may be cultivated for higher yield, net return and for weed suppression under direct seeded condition. However, to reach a specific conclusion and recommendation the same experiment need to be repeated and should be done over different Agro-climatic zones of Bihar.ThesisItem Restricted Studies on acute and subacute toxicity of thiacloprid and its amelioration by resveratrol in male rats(LUVAS) Vivek; Jain, S.K.Thiacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide is known to target the nicotinic acetyl choline receptors (nACHRs) in insects, and potentially in mammals. The aim was to ascertain the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and to investigate the effect of acute (24 h) and subacute (28 days) toxicity of thiacloprid and its amelioration by resveratrol in male Wistar rats. The MTD of thiacloprid was determined to be 345 mg/kg b wt. orally in male rats. Thiacloprid produced typical signs and symptoms of toxicity viz. piloerection, decreased motility and reactivity, poor reflexes, spastic gait, spasmodic state, convulsions, tremors, tachypnoea, dyspnoea, labored breathing, diarrhoea, narrowed palpebral fissure, closed eyelids, red incrusted snout. Thiacloprid treatment resulted in decreased body weight gain in 28 days study which was restored by resveratrol co-treatment. No significant changes were observed in relative organ weight 24 h study whereas significant changes were observed in relative organ weight in liver kidney and spleen in male Wistar rats in 28 days study which was restored with resveratrol co-treatment. Thiacloprid treatment produced significant changes in oxidative stress markers viz. malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, nitric oxide, total thiols and superoxide anion radical generation which were significantly restored by resveratrol co-treatment. Liver and kidney function tests viz. ALT, AST, GGT, BUN, creatinine, were significantly increased while reduction in total protein levels were resulted from thiacloprid treatment which were significantly restored with resveratrol cotreatment in rats. Thiacloprid treatment resulted in significant reduction in T3, and T4 levels and increase in TSH levels in 24 hours study whereas a significant increase in T3, and T4 levels and reduction in TSH levels in rats were observed in 28 days study which were significantly restored by resveratrol co-treatment. No significant changes were observed in hematological profile in 24 h study whereas a decline in Hb, TEC, HCT and MCV and increase in ESR and TLC due to neutrophilia and lymphocytosis was observed in rats in 28 days study. Histopathological alterations were observed in kidney, liver, brain and spleen in both acute and subacute studies due to thiacloprid exposure which were attenuated by resveratrol co-treatment. The study revealed that thiacloprid possesses mild to moderate toxicity potential for hepatic, renal, CNS and hematological profile of adult male rats. Resveratrol possesses potential to sufficiently ameliorate the toxicity produced by thiacloprid and as such do not have any toxic effect at therapeutic doses in adult male wistar rats.