Browsing by Author "Vinod kumar, N"
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ThesisItem Open Access PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON LINDANE TOXICITY IN MALE WISTAR ALBINO RATS AND ITS AMELIORATION WITH ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2014-08) VEERA HARIN, R; SAILAJA, N(MAJOR); Srilatha, Ch; Vinod kumar, NABSTRACT : Lindane is a synthetic organochlorine pesticide widely used as pesticide, as a therapeutic pediculocide shampoo in medical field and as an acaricide in veterinary practice in sheep dips. Indiscriminate use of lindane leads to contamination of water resources and food and feed materials, which is the common source of toxicity and thereby it enters into food chain. In animals, it tends to accumulate mainly in adipose tissue due to their lipophillic nature and due to long half life and leads to health hazards. Lindane induces increased oxidative stress by enhancing reactive oxygen species production depleting both enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants and thereby increase lipid peroxidation and cause tissue damage. Utilization of easily and cheaply available herbal or herbal combination to combat the effects of various environmental pollutants is the major task now-a-days. Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari), a herb that shows antioxidant activity through scavenging of free radicals, superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide and inhibiting the lipid peroxidation by reducing metal chelation is used presently to study the ameliorative effects of lindane. The present study was carried out with 72 male Wistar albino rats randomly divided into four groups, consisting of 18 rats in each. Lindane was gavaged orally using olive oil as vehicle @ 20 mg lindane / kg. b.wt. to groups II and IV and Asparagus racemosus @ 100 mg /kg. b.wt. in distilled water was given orally along with lindane to group IV up to 45 days to study ameliorative effects. Group I and III were treated with distilled water and Asparagus racemosus respectively. Six rats from each group were sacrificed at fortnight interval. Clinical signs like convulsions, seizures, hyperirritablity and scratching at face within 15-30 min after lindane treatment and inappetence, reduced growth rate, anxiety, ruffled hair coat and diarrhoea by the end of experiment were observed. Less severe intensity of clinical signs are exhibited by asparagus ameliorated group of rats. Lindane treatment significantly (p<0.05) lowered the body weight from 30th to 45th day whereas asparagus amelioration significantly (p<0.05) improved the body weights from 38 days onwards till 45th day. Significant reduction was noticed in the TEC and PCV in lindane fed group. Lindane caused significant increase in SGOT, alkaline phosphatase and total cholesterol levels in rats. Oxidative damage indicators like SOD, catalase and GPx levels were significantly decreased in liver of all the lindane treated rats. Asparagus amelioration showed significant improvement in TEC and PCV and significant decrease in SGOT and ALP levels over lindane treatment. Grossly, congestion and enlargement in liver, congestion in kidney, atrophy of testes and slight enlargement of spleen were noticed in lindane treated rats. Histopathologically, the liver of lindane treated rats revealed degenerative changes with micro vesiculation in cytoplasm and necrotic changes in nucleus . Congestion, focal areas of necrosis, perivascular MNC infiltration and bile duct proliferation in majority of the lindane treated rats. In asparagus ameliorated rats, these changes were less intense and by the end of 45th day, liver revealed to near normal appearance. Microscopically, glomerular congestion and atrophy, mild to moderate intertubular hemorrhages, extensive degenerative changes with vacuolated cytoplasm in tubular epithelial cells, cystic dilatation of tubules and microgranuloma formation in interstitium were seen in lindane intoxication. Sections of testis revealed a decrease interstitial edema,distorted seminiferous tubules, disorganized spermatogonial cells and spermatocytes, sparce Leydig cells and oligospermia. Lindane treatment resulted in cerebral vessel congestion, sub meningeal haemorrhages, gliosis, neuranophagia and demyelinating changes in cortex and perineuronal vacuolation and demyelinating changes and rounding of purkinje cells in cerebellum but the asparagus amelioration resulted in shrinkage of neurons, mild neuronophagia, mild spongiosis of brain and mild glial cell proliferation and minimal rounded purkinje cells in cerebellum. In lindane treates group rats, microscopically the heart revealed mild to moderate haemorrhages, sarcolytic changes and degenerative changes with loss of striations. Spleen showed mild to moderate depletion of lymphoid follicle and hyperplasia of reticulendothelial cells. Lungs reveled alveolar emphysema, capillary congestion, interstitial and peribronchiolar MNC infiltration. Goblet cells proliferation, mucosal and sub mucosal MNCs and desquamation of mucosal epithelial cells and hyperplasia of glandular structures in intestine were noticed.In ameliorated group mild changes were noticed in heart, spleen, lung and intestine. In the present study the lindane induced oxidative stress and caused damage of liver, kidney and testis. Liver and spleen regained its near to normal architecture. In Asparagus ameliorated group amliorative changes were noticed in liver and testis.