Browsing by Author "Verma, Shivani"
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
Results Per Page
Sort Options
ThesisItem Open Access Development and Quality Evaluation of Osmo-Dried Karonda (carrisa carandas L.)(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2021-12) Verma, Shivani; Bhat, AnjuIn the present study karonda fruits are subjected to osmotic dehydration by dipping in hypertonic solution. Karonda is acidic and astringent, cannot be used for table purpose. Osmotic dehydration increases its palatability and shelf life. Karonda slices dipped in sugar and jaggery syrup of different concentrations (50, 60 &70°Brix) for 24 hours. After dipping, the syrup was drained out and karonda slices were dried in cabinet tray drier (60°C) for 48 hours. After drying the product was packed in LDPE pouches and stored at an ambient temperature for three months. In osmo-dried karonda the highest mean moisture (18.67 per cent) and water activity was recorded in T7 (70°Brix jaggery syrup) while the lowest was recorded in T1 (Control). The highest mean reducing sugars (49.01 per cent) and total sugars (54.84 per cent) were recorded in treatment T4 (70°Brix sugar syrup) and the lowest (11.01per cent) and (11.71per cent) were recorded in T1 (Control) respectively. The highest mean value of ascorbic acid (7.90 mg/100g), total phenols (338.93 mg/100g GAE) and titratable acidity (4.93 mg/100g) were recorded in T2, T7 and T1 respectively. While lowest values (10.50 mg/100g), (312.90 mg/100g) and (3.39 mg/100mg) were recorded in control, T2 and T4. Highest anthocyanin (78.98 mg/100g) and iron content (35.06 mg/100g) was recorded in T4 and lowest was recorded in T5 (61.85) and T1 (19.71 mg/100g) respectively. With the advancement of storage period an increasing trend was observed in moisture, reducing sugars, total sugars, water activity and hunter colour a*. However a decreasing trend was observed in acidity, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, total phenols, iron and hunter colour L* and b* values. The osmo-dried karonda prepared from the treatment T4 (70°Brix sugar syrup) was adjudged as the superior on the basis of sensory attributes by scoring 7.90,7.92,7.95,7.92 values for colour, texture, taste and overall acceptability, respectively.ThesisItem Restricted Marketing of convenience food in Punjab(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Verma, Shivani; Ramandeep SinghThe study on marketing of convenience food in Punjab was undertaken with objectives to study the marketing practices being followed by selected convenience food companies in Punjab, to understand the major challenges of convenience food marketing and to study and analyze the prospects of convenience food market in Punjab. The results depicted that the competition, change in consumer habits and change in technology were often responsible for changes in the product line. The selected food processing organizations often adopted the promotional pricing strategy, rarely used the direct channel and preferred to use social media tools over any other media for promoting their products. While comparing the opinions of organizations’ representatives and agri-business experts towards the challenges of convenience food marketing, the significant statements were shortage of raw material, negative perception of the brand, government regulations and control, lack of distribution network, high prices of food products, inefficient transportation facilities and availability of cheap substitutes. The results further showed that manufacturing date, expiry date, quality and nutritional contents were important attributes before the purchase of convenience food. According to the respondents, convenience foods often have better taste and flavor; hygienic and uncontaminated; decrease cooking time and make life comfortable.ThesisItem Open Access Synthesis of potent herbicidal organic compounds using ionic liquid and heterogeneous catalytic systems(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-01) Verma, Shivani; Kasana, VirendraSynthesis of five series of compounds namely _-phosphonomalonates using tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) catalyst, naphthopyrans using novel nano-SiO2@Si(CH2)3@[tetrabutylammonium][valinate] catalyst, octahydroquinazolinone-1,3-dicarbaldehydes using novel tetrabutylammonium prolinate catalyst, small organic acid ionic liquids and cinnamic acid ionic liquids by acid-base neutralization method were carried out and screened for their herbicidal activity against Raphanus sativus (raddish) seeds at different concentrations (0.005M, 0.01M and 0.02M). Mild reaction conditions was applied for synthesis of _-phosphonomalonate, naphthopyran and octahydroquinazolinone-1,3-dicarbaldehyde derivatives affording these compounds in good to excellent yields. All the synthesized derivatives were docked with acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) protein available on RSPDB data bank via molecular docking studies. The prepared catalyst was confirmed by 1HNMR, FT-IR, SEM, TEM and XRD techniques. The structure of compounds was elucidated using FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and HR-MS spectral techniques.