Browsing by Author "Vennila, C"
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ArticleItem Open Access Dynamics of soil fertility as influenced by intercropping systems, mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilizer levels in maize-sunflower cropping system(2020) Ananthi, T; Vennila, C; TANUVASField experiments were conducted for two consecutive years (2010-11 and 2011-12) at Eastern Block Farm, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore on sandy clay loam soils consisting sunflower was raised as residual crop during summer in a sequence of maize sown in winter. The experiments were laid out in split-split plot design with three factors. In respect of succeeding crop sunflower, all the treatment plots were further divided into two equal parts by adopting the following treatment schedule. Three intercropping systems viz., sole maize - sunflower (I1), maize+cowpea - sunflower (I2) and maize+ greengram - sunflower (I3) were the treatments under main plot. Four mycorrhizal treatments viz., M1 - uninoculated (Both crops), M2 - uninoculated (Sunflower), M3 - inoculated (Sunflower), M4 - inoculated (Both crops) were included under sub plot. Three fertilizer levels viz., 75% RDF (F1), 100% RDF (F2), and 125% RDF (F3) under sub-sub plot. Regarding the dynamics of various soil fertility parameters viz., N, P and K uptake of sunflower were found higher to a considerable extent under preceding maize + cowpea intercropping followed by maize + greengram intercropping at both the stages. With respect to mycorrhizal inoculation, nutrient uptake was higher under mycorrhiza inoculated treatments for both the crops over uninoculated treatments. Among the fertilizer levels, 125% RDF to preceding maize recorded higher N, P and K uptake followed by 100% RDF at both the stages of observation. With regard to soil available nutrients, among the intercropping systems, preceding sole maize registered higher soil available N, P and K followed by maize + cowpea intercropping. Among the mycorrhizal treatments, mycorrhiza uninoculated to both the crops and among the fertilizer levels, 125% RDF recorded higher soil available nutrients. As regards the balance sheet of soil available N, P and K,lower actual N loss was (-32.7 kg ha-1), P loss was (-1.2 kg ha-1) and K loss was (-22.1 kg ha-1) under the treatment combination maize + cowpea intercropping along with mycorrhizal inoculation to both the crops and 125% RDF (I2F3M+) during 2011. Regarding 2012, the maximum actual N gain was (5.0 kg ha-1), P gain was (0.1 kg ha-1) and K gain was (12.3 kg ha-1) under the treatment combination maize + cowpea intercropping along with mycorrhizal inoculation to both the crops with 125% RDF (I2F1M+). The maximum actual loss was recorded under the treatment combination of sole maize without mycorrhizal inoculation to both the crops with 75% RDF.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Lopping Interval on the Growth and Fodder Yield of Subabul (Leucaena leucocephala)(2020-09) Vennila, C; Daisy, M; Bhuvaneswari, J; TANUVASSubabul is an important protein rich tree fodder which its lopping is extensively used as cattle fodder. It is drought resistant tree, generally grown as border or bund crop in farmers and its lopping is cut for green fodder for animals. For this purpose tree fodder cultivating seems to be a promising strategy for livestock farmers. A field experiment was conducted to find out the relative performance of tree fodder growth at various stages of cutting and suitable lopping interval of subabul (Leucaena leucocephala) during 2019-2020, at Institute of Animal Nutrition, Kattupakkam, TANUVAS, Chennai. The experiment was conducted on sandy loam soil laid out with Randomized Block Design with three replications. There were six treatments viz., T1: lopping once in 2 months, T2: lopping once in 4 months, T3: lopping once in 6 months, T4: lopping once in 8 months, T5: lopping once in 10 months and T6: lopping in 12 months. The results showed that lopping at shorter time interval that is once in 2 months or 4 months resulted in more number of branches (10.90 and 7.84), leaves (427.6 and 461.3) , leaf weight, leaf branch ratio (1.42 and 1.09) and increased fodder yield (19.07 t-1 ha-1year-1 and 17.72 t-1 ha-1year-1). Further, early lopping resulted in succulent leaves and branches which were highly suitable for the animals to consume.Book chapterItem Open Access FODDER PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES THROUGH AGRO-FORESTRY MODELS(2014) Murugan, M; Sangaran, VM; Vennila, C; Senthilkumar, T; TANUVASIndia has numerically very impressive Livestock wealth. She accounts for 15% cattle, 53% Buffaloes, 4% sheep and 20 % Goats of worlds population. As per a conservative estimate the Indian Livestock had worth over Rs.500 Billion asset value in 1991 with output value of Rs.436.59 Billion which accounted for 25% of the output from the Agricultural sector. In addition the Indian animals provide additional Rs.22.0 Billion annually on fuel equivalent basis.ArticleItem Open Access Influence of nutrients on yield and nutrient uptake of bajra napier hybrid grass(AkiNik Publications, 2018) Vennila, C; Sankaran, VM; Nithya, C; TANUVASA field experiment was conducted with bajra napier hybrid grass – a perennial fodder crop. Organic and inorganic nutrients were used as nutrient sources during the year 2014-2016. The study was conducted at University Research Farm, Madhavaram, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with twelve treatments viz., F1- FYM 25 t ha-1, F2- FYM 12.5 t ha-1, F3- FYM 25 t ha-1+ 50% RDF (50% NPK as basal + balance through drip), F4- FYM 25 t ha-1+ 100% RDF (50% NPK as basal + balance through drip), F5- FYM 25 t ha-1+ 100% RDF through drip, F6- FYM 12.5 t ha-1+ 50% RDF (50% NPK as basal + balance through drip), F7- FYM 12.5 t ha-1+ 100% RDF (50% NPK as basal + balance through drip), F8- FYM 12.5 t ha-1+ 100% RDF through drip, F9- 50% RDF (50% NPK as basal + balance through drip), F10-100% RDF (50% NPK as basal + balance through drip), F11-100% RDF through drip and F12- Control and replicated thrice. The different combinations with organic and inorganic sources of nutrients were equated to Nitrogen content of the sources of nutrients. Nutrient recommendation for bajra napier hybrid grass was 150:50:40 kg of NPK ha-1. Based on the nitrogen content, the organic and inorganic sources of nutrients, the treatments were formulated. The irrigation was given through drip irrigation. During both the years of experimentation, application of Farmyard Manure at the rate of 25t ha-1 and 100% recommended dose of nutrients applied basally and the remaining through drip resulted in higher yield, however on par with the application of inorganic nutrients through drip alone. The total nitrogen uptake by bajra napier hybrid grass is higher with the application of FYM 25 t ha-1 + 100% recommended dose of fertilizers through drip. Similarly, with respect to phosphorous and potassium uptake, application of 100 % recommended dose of fertilizers through inorganic nutrients along with 25 t of Farm Yard manure to bajra napier hybrid grass resulted in higher uptake.Book chapterItem Open Access METHODS OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE FOR FODDER PRODUCTION(2014) Vennila, C; Sankaran, VM; Senthilkumar, T; TANUVASWater is one of the most important inputs essential for the production of crops. Plants need it continuously during their life and in huge quantities. It profoundly influences photosynfliesis, respiration, absorption, translocation and utilization of mineral nutrients, and cell division besides some other processes. Both its shortage and excess afiect the growth and development of a plant directly and, consequently, its yield and quality. In India, rainfall is notoriously capricious, causing floods and droughts altemately. Its fi'equency distribution and amount are not in accordance with the needs of the crops. Artificial water supply through irrigation on one occasion, and the removal of excess water through drainage on another occasion therefore, become imperative, if the crops are to be raised successfiilly. Water management in India, thus, comprises irrigation or drainage or both, depending considerably on the environmental conditions, soil, crops and climate. It is a situation oriented entity.Book chapterItem Open Access NUTRITION Vs REPRODUCTION - MYTH AND REALITY(2014) Asokan, SA; Reena, D; Sankaran, VM; Vennila, C; Senthilkumar, T; TANUVASThe Indian bovine population is 304.42 million out of which 4.34% (13.20 million) are reared in Tamil Nadu (18th Livestock census, Animal Husbandry Department, 2007). Among the southern state of India, Tamil Nadu has emerged as a forerunner in milk production producing around 68.34 lakh tonnes of milk. This is primarily due to the high crossbred dairy cattle in total dairy cattle population has increased from 28.67 per cent in 1997 to 62.95 per cent in 2007 (Policy note, 2012-13).Book chapterItem Open Access TECHNOLOGIES FOR FODDER PRODUCTION IN RAINFED AREAS AND E-GUIDE, AN INTELLECTUAL TOOL ON FODDER PRODUCTION(2014) Sankaran, VM; Vennila, C; Senthilkumar, T; TANUVASIndian agriculture is traditionally a system of dry land agriculture. Out of 143 million hectares of net cropped area, about 72% is dry land production about 45% of food grains and 75 - 80% of pulses and oil - seeds and a number of important industrial crops. Considering the present rate of development of irrigation facilities and also water potentiality of the country, it is estimated that at any point of time 50% of cropped area in India will remain under dry land farming system. Such vast areas as of now consume hardly 25% of total fertilizer consumption of the country and due to poor level of management, crop productivity is also very low resulting in socio - economic backwardness of the people.