Browsing by Author "Thejomoorthy, P."
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ThesisItem Open Access Anit-inFlammatory and Antioxidant Activites of Leucas Aspera in Rats(TANUVAS, 2007) Kumar, R. Kishor; TANUVAS; Thejomoorthy, P.; Ramesh, S.; Sekar, M.ThesisItem Open Access Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cassia Fistula in Sub-Acute Models of Inflammation in Rats(TANUVAS, 2005) Rajeswari, R.; TANUVAS; Thejomoorthy, P.; Mathuram, L.N.; Suresh, R.V.OtherItem Open Access Anti-Oxidant Activities of Alcoholic Extract of Tylophora Indica in Phytotoxin (Carrageenan) Induced Inflammatory Model(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2014-12) Sasikumar, U.; Thejomoorthy, P.; Selvasubramanian, S.Exposure of biological system to xenobiotics (various types of toxins), ionizing radiations and certain nonnal metabolic processes in the body lead to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that overwhelms the antioxidant armory.ArticleItem Open Access ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF CASSIA FISTULA EXTRACT ON PATHOGENIC BACTERIA OF VETERINARY IMPORTANCE(TANUVAS, 2009-05) Vimalraj, T. Ranjith; Kumar, S. Saravana; Vadivel, S.; Ramesh, S.; Thejomoorthy, P.; TANUVASCassia fistula (Family – Caesalpinaceae) (Tamil – Sarakondrai) is a deciduous and an ornamental tree native to India and Sri Lanka, its extracts have been shown to have antifungal, antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, the antibacterial activity aqueous and alcoholic extract of stem bark of Cassia fistula was tested. The bacterial isolates tested include: Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 740), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 441), Escherchia coli (MTCC 443) and a few field isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, and Salmonella typhi. Disc diffusion and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) studies were carried out to assess the antibacterial effect.ArticleItem Open Access ASTEMIZOLE AS GROWTH PROMOTER IN RABBITS(TANUVAS, 1998-02) Thejomoorthy, P.; Jayasundar, S.; Selvasubramanian, S.; TANUVASA study was conducted to explore the effect of Astemizole (ATZ), an H1 histamine receptor antagonist on growth, carcass quality and biochemical variables in male crossbred rabbits in graded dose levels by oral administration daily for ten weeks i.e. from seventh to the end of sixteen weeks of age. Significant effects were noticed in improving the growth performance of rabbits together with better feed efficiency and carcass quality at 1 and 2 mg/kg levels.ArticlesItem Open Access Comparative Efficacy Of Fenbendazole And Levamisole Against Nematodes In Calves(TANUVAS ; Chennai, 1995) Thejomoorthy, P.; Sundararaman, M.N.; Nepolean, R. Ezakial; Gajendran, K.; TANUVASArticleItem Open Access Effect Of Enrofloxacin Admlnlstratlon On Haematological Profile In Broiler Chicken- A Safety Pharmacology Study(2012) Sureshkumar, V.; Sarathchandra, G.; Ramesh, J.; Vairamuthu, S.; Thejomoorthy, P.; Hariharan, P.; TANUVASA safety pharmacological trial was conducted to investigate the effect of enrofloxacin on haematological profile after pulsed water medication in broiler chicken, at therapeutic dose 10 mg/ kg body weight through drinking water for five consecutive days in accordance with the FDA approved norms.ArticlesItem Open Access Estrus Synchronization And Conception Rate In Crossbred Cows With Prostagladin F2 Alpha Using Two Routes Of Administration(TANUVAS ; Chennai, 1998) Nepolean, R. Ezakial; Thejomoorthy, P.; Sundararaman, M.N.; Gajendran, K.; Pattabiraman, S.R.; TANUVASThesisItem Open Access Evaluation Of Anaesthetic Protocols For Surgical Intervention In Mugger Crocodiles (Crocodylus palustris)(Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, 2010) Simon. M., Shiju; TANUVAS; Sureshkumar, R.; William, B. Justin; Jayaprakash, R.; Thejomoorthy, P.Crocodilians, an important group of reptiles, maintained in zoological parks and commercial farms worldwide, often require chemical restraint because of their large size and aggressive disposition. Safe and effective anaesthesia and analgesia could be challenging in reptiles because of their unique anatomy and physiology. Slow metabolic rate makes induction and recovery prolonged as compared with other mammals. There are no authenticated evaluations of anaesthetic monitoring or physiological parameters are available. Xylazine and ketamine combination provided muscle relaxation, sedation and analgesia. Acepromazine maleate is a phenothiazine derivative, rarely used for immobilization purposes; mostly it is used in combination with ketamine. Diazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative exerts potent muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant effect. Midazolam is also a benzodiazepine derivative nearly three times more potent with faster onset of action and a shorter duration of effect than diazepam. Hence this study was undertaken to evolve safe and reliable anaesthetic regimen with the hypothesis that the use of diazepam, acepromazine, midazolone as an adjunct to existing xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia could reduce the stress during anaesthesia in captive Mugger crocodiles. Twenty four crocodiles, divided into four groups of six each (group I, II, III and IV). Group I, crocodiles were premedicated with alpha-2-agonist xylazine at the dose rate of 1.5mg/kg body weight, group II, by xylazine and acepromazine combination at the dose rate of 1.5mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg body weight, group III, by xylazine and midazolam combination at the dose rate of 1.5mg/kg body weight each and group IV, by xylazine and diazepam combination at the dose rate of 1.5mg/kg and 0.22mg/kg body weight intramuscularly, respectively. In all the groups, induction and maintenance was carried out by administration of ketamine hydrochloride at a dose of 20mg/kg body weight intramuscularly after the loss of tail reactivity to noxious stimuli. There was a highly significant decrease in the time for sedation and induction in group II (19.17 ± 1.33 and 21.83± 1.72 minutes) when compared to other three groups. There was a highly significant increase in the duration of anaesthesia and recovery in group IV (55.5 ± 1.05 minutes and 5.07 ± 0.33 hours) when compared to other three groups. Recovery was smooth and uneventful for crocodiles of all the groups. Muscle relaxation was excellent in group IV animals. There was no significant difference with respect to the hematological parameters in between the groups. Significant difference was observed for creatinine values in between the groups and highly significant rise in the intra and post-operative serum glucose values in all groups. There were highly significant difference in the serum total proteins and serum uric acid levels between all groups were noticed. In this study, group IV animals (xylazine-diazepam with ketamine) provide excellent muscle relaxation, smooth induction and recovery. So this combination could be used for all major surgeries. Xylazine and ketamine combination could be useful for minor procedures like translocation.ThesisItem Open Access Exploration of the Anti Inflammatory Effect of Aloe Vera and Emu Oil in Experimentally Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Rats(TANUVAS, 2012) Vemu, Bhaskar; TANUVAS; Selvasubramanian, S.; Thejomoorthy, P.; Pandiyan, V.ArticleItem Open Access Feather – A Potential Source For Reentry Of Enrofloxacin and its Metabolite Ciprofloxacin Residues in Food Chain(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2014-03) Sureshkumar, V.; Sarathchandra, G.; Ramesh, J.; Vairamuthu, S.; Thejomoorthy, P.; Hariharan, P.; TANUVASAntimicrobials used in poultry production have the potential to bioaccumulate in poultry feathers but available data are scarce. Although feathers were processed and introduced as a protein source in animal feed, withdrawal periods were not established. Hence, an experimental trial was conducted to evaluate the residuol profile of enrofloxacin and its primary metabolite ciprofloxacin in feather of broiler chicken. Thirty six one-day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into control (6 nos) and treatment group (30 nos).PresentationItem Open Access Leptospiral Mastitis in Goats(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2007-08) Suresh, R.V.; Kumar, Sachin; Balagangatharathilagar, M.; Thejomoorthy, P.; Srinivasan, S.R.ThesisItem Open Access Pharmacokinetics of Sparfloxacin in Broiler Chicken(TANUVAS, 2005) Sriranjani, D.; TANUVAS; Mathuram, L.N.; Thejomoorthy, P.; Raj, G. DhinakarThesisItem Open Access Pharmacological Evaluation of R-Compound and Amukkura Choornum for Anti Inflammatory Activity(Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 1983) Thejomoorthy, P.; TANUVAS; Natarajan, R.; Raghavan, K.C.; Gopalan, S.ThesisItem Open Access Residue Profile of Enrofloxacin and its Primary Metabolite Ciprofloxacin in Broiler Chicken(Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, 2012) Kumar, V. Suresh; TANUVAS; Chandra, G. Sarath; Hariharan, P.; Thejomoorthy, P.; Vairamuthu, S.An experimental trial was conducted to determine the residueomics of enrofloxacin and its primary metabolite ciprofloxacin in broiler chicken under controlled experimental condition, at recommended therapeutic dose of enrofloxacin @ 10mg Kg-1 in drinking water for five consecutive days (from 43rd to 47th day of age), till 9th day post treatment. Parameters like Zootechnical performance, behavioural, haematology, biochemical, immunological, histopathological and transmission electron microscopic profile were studied as an index of Safety Pharmacology of enrofloxacin in broiler chicken. Effects of various cooking process (Boiling, microwaving, roasting and grilling) on enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin residues in edible tissues of broiler chicken were also evaluated. A field study was conducted to assess the prevalence of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin residues in broiler meat and organ samples collected from various retail outlets in Chennai. A high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in plasma and edible tissues (muscle, liver, kidney and skin). As a non invasive technique to monitor drug residues, standardized the HPTLC method for simultaneous determination of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in feather and droppings. In the experimental study, during the post treatment period the tissue : blood concentration ratio for enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin residues in liver and kidney was found to be high. The ratio for enrofloxacin on day 1 post treatment in breast muscle was equal, but in thigh muscle and skin it was below while exceeded the plasma concentration on day 3 post treatment. The ciprofloxacin concentrations were always lower than that of the parent drug enrofloxacin. With the exception of critical metabolic and excretory organs (liver: 20-70% and kidney: 28-62%), tissue (skin, breast and thigh muscle) ciprofloxacin never exceeded the 4-6% of the parent drug concentrations. Ciprofloxacin was found to be rapidly depleted from the chicken body compared to that of enrofloxacin. There was a significant difference in total enrofloxacin residues between breast muscle and thigh muscle at all the time points examined during the withdrawal period. The withdrawal period for enrofloxacin and its primary metabolite ciprofloxacin in broiler chicken was calculated as per EU and Japan MRLs. Accordingly, it was found to be 5 days and 9 days respectively. High level of enrofloxacin residues was recorded in feathers, even at concentrations far higher than those measured in edible tissues. Withdrawal times, based on the concentrations of enrofloxacin residues in edible chicken meat, were not adequate to reduce antimicrobial residues in chicken feathers. Enrofloxacin residues could be detected in droppings even up to 7th day post treatment, thus it warrants environmental concern. Enrofloxacin administration decreased the lymphocyte count and humoral immune response, with associated histopathological changes in spleen and bursa of Fabricius, however, on 9th day post treatment reversal in the effect was noticed. It did not have any appreciable effect on Zootechnical performance of the broilers. A significant elevation in serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) was observed after the 4th dose of the enrofloxacin and on day 1 post treatment. The elevated levels were declined gradually during the withdrawal period. The elevated levels of the GGT were correlated with the histopathological changes of the liver and further validated by the electron microscopic observations. A significant but transient increase in serum uric acid and creatinine was noticed after the 4th dose and on day 1 post treatment of enrofloxacin. The elevated levels were declined gradually during the withdrawal period. These biochemical changes were in congruent to histopathological alterations in kidneys and further bolstered by the ultra structural changes observed in kidney. Histopathological examination of skin revealed hyperkeratosis and thickening of the epithelial layer, however, lesions were mild and revealed normal epidermis layer in day 7 and 9 post treatment groups. The histopathological results of feather follicle showed hyperplasia of squamous epithelial cells and vacuolated epithelial cells, which were persisted in day 1 and 3 post treatment groups. However, hyperplasia of follicular epithelium is the only appreciable lesion found to be persisted till 9th day post treatment. Fluoroquinolone arthropathy was manifested in juvenile cartilages as evidenced by histopathological changes in articular and sternal cartilages, and possible correlation with a significant reduction in antioxidant enzymes (Glutathione S-transferase, Glutathione and Catalase) in liver, muscle and serum. Different cooking methods caused perceptible decrease in enrofloxacin residue levels in all the tissues studied, however, the residue levels remained high in cooked tissues and found to be far above the MRLs prescribed by EU and Japan. Amongst the various agents affecting antibiotics residue after the cooking process, it was found that cooking time and temperature can play crucial roles about antibiotic residue reduction. The field study revealed that 30.56% of the samples investigated were found to contain detectable levels of enrofloxacin residues at the time of marketing. The incidence of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin residues as found in broiler, tissue wise was as follows: liver>kidney>skin. However, the residues of enrofloxacin were not detected in any of the breast and thigh muscle samples investigated. Even though the mean concentrations of enrofloxacin residues were found to be below the MRLs prescribed by EU and Japan regulations, 4 (18.18%) liver, 3 (16.67%) kidney and 2 (13.33%) skin samples had enrofloxacin residues higher than the Japan MRLs and found to be violating the regulations. However, all muscle samples investigated were found to be safe as per EU and Japan MRLs.ArticleItem Open Access Screening of Antipyretic Activity of Alcoholic Extract of Tylophora Indica in Wistar Rats(Indian Veterinary Journal, 2015-05) Sasikumar, U.; Thejomoorthy, P.; Selvasubramanian, S.; Sekar, M.; TANUVASThe present study was taken up to evaluate the antipyretic potential of alcoholic extracts of Tylophora indica in Lipopolysaccharide induced pyrexia in rats. Pyrexia was induced in all the rats by intraperitoneal injection with freshly prepared LPS at the dose rate of 100 µg/kg. Treatment with standard drugs (Indomethacin 100 mg/kg bw and Paracetamol 150 mg/kg bw.) and test drug (alcoholic extracts of Tylophora indica at 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w) were given orally 30 minutes before the injection of Lipopolysaccharide. The alcoholic extract at 400 mg/kg bw. excelled better than the dose of 200 mg/kg bw. in exhibiting antipyretic activity.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Time Varying Magnetic Field in Adjuvant Induced Arthritis in Rats(TANUVAS, 2003) Senthilkumar, V.; TANUVAS; Thejomoorthy, P.; Cyrus, Inbaraj; Balachandran, C.