Browsing by Author "THEJASWI KUMAR, J."
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ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF AEROBIC AND CONVENTIONAL PADDY CULTIVATION IN EASTERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BANGALORE, 2019-08-02) THEJASWI KUMAR, J.; LOKESHA, H.The study was undertaken in Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka to estimate the economics of aerobic and conventional paddy cultivation along with Resource Use Efficiency (RUE) and externality. Primary data was collected from 50 farmers each practicing aerobic and conventional paddy cultivation. The cultivation of paddy under aerobic method was profitable as it generates higher net returns (` 24,653/ha) compared to conventional paddy cultivation (` 11,046/ha). Aerobic paddy cultivation was sustainable compared to conventional method as it saved 63 per cent of scarce irrigation water. The cost of irrigation was reduced to the extent of 60 per cent in aerobic paddy cultivation compared to conventional paddy cultivation. RUE indicated that, resources were not optimally utilized in both aerobic and conventional paddy cultivation. Bullock labour, machine labour, seeds and irrigation were underutilized in aerobic paddy cultivation whereas, FYM was underutilized in conventional paddy cultivation indicating that usage of additional amount of these inputs leads to increase in the returns. Aerobic paddy cultivating farms were more technically and economically efficient compared to conventional paddy cultivating farms. In addition, aerobic paddy cultivation resulted in positive externality to the tune of ` 7714 per hectare over conventional paddy cultivation. Infestation of weeds, uneven crop stand resulting in reduced yield and water management were the major constraints in aerobic paddy cultivation. Focus should be given to shift the area towards aerobic paddy cultivation instead of paddy under tube well irrigation where irrigation water is becoming very scarce.ThesisItem Embargo SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN KARNATAKA: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-12-31) THEJASWI KUMAR, J.; Gajanana, T. M.The present study examines the spatial and temporal subtleties of Crop Diversification (CD) in Karnataka using primary and secondary data. The temporal analysis carried out from 2000-01 to 2018-19 indicated steady improvement of CD in Karnataka. The area and production of horticulture & plantation crops, commercial crops and condiments & spice crops exhibited positive growth. However, higher instability was observed in condiments & spices and commercial crops compared to cereal crops. The transitional probability matrix revealed the shift in area towards horticulture & plantation crops, commercial crops and condiments & spices. The major drivers of CD were cropping intensity, rural road density, rainfall and per capita district agricultural income. The micro level evidences from Southern Transition Zone (STZ) and Southern Dry Zone (SDZ) of Karnataka indicated higher CD in STZ (0.71) compared to SDZ (0.66). In STZ, commercial and vegetable crops occupied major share in land allocation whereas, vegetable and fruit crops were the major crop in SDZ. The major share in total net returns from crops was contributed by High Value Crops (HVCs) in both the zones. The elasticities of stochastic input distance function revealed the existence of output complementarity between HVCs and subsistence crops like cereals and pulses thereby indicating potential for economies of diversification. The mean Technical Efficiency (TE) was higher in SDZ (0.86) than STZ (0.81) while CD had negative effect on TE in STZ. The variability in returns was found significantly higher in commercial and vegetable crops compared to cereals and pulses in both the zones. The important diversification enablers included credit, irrigation, education and technology. Thus, study emphasizes the need for market stabilization and strengthening of secondary vertical and horizontal supply chains for sustaining the present HVCs cropping system across the study regions.