Browsing by Author "TAMRAKAR, SAMEER KUMAR"
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON IRRIGATION AND FERTIGATION MANAGEMENT ON CHILLI (CAPSICUM ANNUUM) UNDER DRIP SYSTEM(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), 2017) Gireesh, Brahmanapuduru.; AGRAWAL, NARENDRA; SINHA, JITENDRA; PISALKAR, P.S.; TAMRAKAR, SAMEER KUMAR; TRIPATHI, M.P.Water is the precision source for agriculture growth and quality of agricultural products. In the methods of providing water to crop, the drip system is the first in techniques that provide a high quality yielding and reduce water wastage. For the effective use of such a valuable drip system, we must have proper design and installation. When the drip design and installation is easier, then farmers are more likely to use it. The design and hydraulic performance of drip is all that makes sense for every one is the main objective. A field experiment was conducted at Dau Kalyan Singh College of Agriculture and Research Station, IGKV, Bhatapara to studies on irrigation and fertigation management on Chilli (Capsicum annuum) under drip system. The flow phenomena, design and hydraulic performance of drip irrigation were evaluated at 0.9, 1.0 and 1.2 kg cm-2 operating pressures with 2 lph emitter discharge. The soil moisture content at 15, 25 and 30 cm depth of the soil was evaluated by gravimetric method. The hydraulic performance measures such as uniformity coefficient, emission uniformity, and coefficient of manufacturing variation at different operating pressure for inline drip irrigation at 0.9 kg cm-2 was 89.13 %, 85.7 % and 0.065 kg cm-2, respectively, similarly for the operating pressure 1.00 kg cm-2, it was 92.5 %, 90.07% and 0.060 kg/cm2 and for 1.20 kg cm-2 it was 96.30 %, 94.30% and 0.042 kg cm-2. The uniform coefficient, emission uniformity, coefficient of manufacturing variation, application efficiency and discharge variation are found excellent at 1.2 kg cm-2 operating pressure. Fertilizers are increasingly used to increase investment by assuming that production is high. But with the use of the excess fertilizer, the production is not too high and soil health is also damaged. This results; it may be affected to the future growing crops in the soil. There is no use of excess fertilizer in the experiment done by various fertilizer levels in various water levels, it has been proved that using excess fertilizers, may not effected the production. The randomized block design has three drip irrigation levels (I1-60 per cent, I2-80 per cent and I3-100 per cent of pan evaporation) and one control (furrow) irrigation with three fertilizer levels (F1-100 per cent, F2-80 per cent and F3- 100 per cent of RDF through drip) on growth and yield of Chilli. The research experiment results revealed that application of 80 per cent ET with 100 per cent fertilizer level has maximum yield, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, fruit diameter, primary branches, secondary branches and stem girth were 24.80 t/ha, 78.44 numbers/plant, 261.35 g/plant, 1.18 cm, 11.8, 50.6 and 2.26 cm respectively and minimum was found in control irrigation in all aspects of plant growth and yield attribution. What these results says that, if they use excess water and fertilizers beyond the decline, they will not more effect on the yield. Chilli crop receiving irrigation supply at 80 per cent ET with a discharge rate of 2 lph and 100 per cent fertilizer application has highest gross income (Rs.496000 ha-1), net income (Rs. 397276 ha-1) and B:C ratio (4.02) than in other treatment combinations.ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON ENTREPRENEURIAL ATTRIBUTES OF VEYGETABLES GROWING FARMERS IN BALODA BAZAR - BHATAPARA DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2017) AWADHESH KUMAR; SAHU, RAJESH KUMAR; KHAN, M.A.; TAMRAKAR, SAMEER KUMAR; CHAURE, N.K.The study was conducted in Baloda bazar-Bhatapara district of Chhattisgarh, during the year 2016-17. A total of 120 vegetable growers were selected as respondents from eight villages of Bhatapara and Simga blocks. The data were collected personally through pre-tested interview schedule and analysed by using appropriate statistical methods. Thestudy revealed thatmajority of vegetable growers were middle aged (35 to 55 years), had education up to primary school level, belonging to Other Backward Class, having joint family of six to ten members, out of which three to five members were engaged in some income generating activities. Most of them had rich farming experience of above 25 years, participating in gram panchayat and caste panchayat and were office bearers in kisan club. Majority of the respondents were small farmers possessingirrigated Kanhar(Vertisols) soil withpersonal tube well as source of irrigation. It was found that most of the respondentswere involved in agriculture and received one to two lac rupees as annual income from all sources. The majority of respondents had acquired credit from nationalised banks for six to twelve months period for purchasing agro-chemicals. Majority of them were getting information regarding vegetable production from friends while highest credibility was found towards University scientists. Television was the most popular mass media with highest credibility. They were having contact with RAEOs/RHEOs and had participated in Extension meeting and were having medium cosmopoliteness. Considering all the three seasons together viz.,kharif, rabi and zaid, vegetable crops were cultivated on a total of 348.0 ha land by the respondents. Tomato occupied highest acreage of total 132.31 ha in all the three season. The area under major vegetables cultivated in Kharif were Tomato (45.8 ha), Brinjal (39.8 ha) and Okra (19.60 ha). In Rabi seasons Tomato (49.11 ha), Chilli (43.70 ha) and Brinjal (30.79 ha) were the most popular vegetable crop amongsts the respondents.Similarly in Zaid, Tomato (37.4 ha), Chilli (23.7 ha)and Brinjal (21.2 ha) were popular vegetable grown by the respondents in the study area. Majority of the vegetable growers were having medium level of innovativeness, achievement motivation, decision making ability, economic motivation, risk orientation, management orientationand high level of leadership ability.A little less than two-third of the respondents were possessing medium level of the entrepreneurial attributes index. Correlation coefficient test was applied on the data and the results revealed that positive and highly significant correlation was observed between Mass media participation, Extension contact, Extension participation and Cosmopoliteness with innovativeness with Entrepreneurial Attributes Index at one per cent level of probability. Results further revealed thatpositive and highly significant correlation was observed between Mass media participation and Extension contact with Achievement motivation with at one per cent level of probability. Further it was observed that positive and highly significant correlation was between Extension participation with Decision making ability at one per cent level of probability. There was positive and highly significant correlation between Annual income and Cosmopoliteness with Economic motivation at one per cent level of probability. Positive and highly significant correlation was also observed between Age, Education, Annual income, Extension participation and Cosmopoliteness with Risk orientation at one per cent level of probability.Results further revealed a positive and highly significant correlation between Size of land holding with Leadership ability at one per cent level of probability. A positive and highly significant correlation was there between Age, Education, and Annual income with Management orientation at one per cent level of probability. And also a positive and highly significant correlation was observed between Annual income, Extension contact and Cosmopoliteness with Entrepreneurial Attributes Index at one per cent level of probability. While the results revealed that Age was significantly correlated at five percent level of probabilitywith Innovativeness.And Age was also significantly correlated at five percent level of probability with Decision making ability. Further Size of land holdings was significantly correlated at five percent level of probability with Economic motivation. Size of land holding was significantly correlated at five percent level of probability with Risk orientation.Whereas Age and Size of land holding were significantly correlated at five percent level of probability with Entrepreneurial Attributes Index. Majority of the respondents reported that price fluctuation in the market, lack of labour, availability no provision of vegetable crop insurance are the major constraints in vegetable cultivation. Most of them were suggested for intervention of government in resolving labour scarcity problem may be through MGNREGA. Some of the respondents were also suggested for MSP type mechanism at least for major vegetables like tomato, chilli, onion and brinjal so as to create stability in their income from vegetable farming.