Browsing by Author "Swati Sharma"
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ThesisItem Open Access A Comparative Study of Staples in Organized Retail Business and Future of Indiabulls Mart(INSTITUTE OF AGRI BUSINESS MANAGEMENT RAJASTHAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY BIKANER-334006, 2008) Swati Sharma; Dr. (Mrs.) Chitra HenryThesisItem Open Access Development of high regeneration frequency mutagenic lines using various explants and screening for yield and drought tolerant trait in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2022-11) Swati Sharma; Dr. M.K. YadavABSTRACT Name - Swati Sharma Id. No. - 1655 Year of admission - 2017 Degree - Ph.D. (Ag.) Biotechnology Major - Agriculture Biotechnology Minor - Genetics and Plant Breeding College - College of Agriculture Thesis title: - Development of high regeneration frequency mutagenic lines using various explants and screening for yield and drought tolerant trait in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ABSTRACT Being a main staple crop of India wheat has a major role in country daily needs for people needs. There are several methods exists to improve wheat crop. Among them plant tissue culture and mutagenic tools are gaining momentum in current scenario because of their innovativeness. The objective of the current study was to create drought tolerant lines via developing an efficient in vitro regeneration protocol. The impact of plant growth hormones (PGR) on callus induction response and regeneration frequency has been evaluated in the present investigation. Three wheat genotypes of different background and diversity in their gene pool exist were selected. Mature embryos were selected due to their availability all the time. MS media was used as a culture media in the present study. In comparison to the other genotypes HD3059 and UP2338, the C 306 genotypes attained the good callus induction no premature germination at the fourth week of observation. Among all three genotypes used, genotype UP2338 showed good regeneration. Sodium NitroPrusside (SNP) was used in the present study to check it synergistic effect with other PGRs which were standardized earlier, on callusing and regeneration in all the three selected genotype. 20μM SNP concentration was found suitable to enhance the callus induction and 10μM concentration enhances the regeneration. Further, upon treating explants (wheat seeds) with different doses of mutagens (EMS, UV and Gamma), the explants of genotype HD3059 responded well to callus induction. The most suitable EMS concentration T3E0 (0.5mM EMS, 0% PEG for 0.5 hours) followed by highest regeneration (71.10%) when subjected to 10% water stress by adding PEG in the media and gave 2.33 shoots per callus as explants. Similarly, 2h exposure of wheat seeds of genotype HD 3059 with UV light found very effective and recorded the highest regeneration (66.61%) when inducing drought stress to the culture media. The three genotypes HD 3059, C 306, and UP 2338, however, demonstrated the highest regeneration to occur when exposed with gamma ray (20Gy) irradiation in the current study. The biochemical evaluation of the mutagenized lines that had survived drought stress involved proline estimation and confirmed the results. In order to determine whether treatment of mutagens (EMS, gamma and UV radiation) resulted in any changes in wheat regeneration, molecular analysis was conducted. The mutant plants were regenerated for this purpose, and ISSR primers were employed to examine the normal and mutant plants. The ISSR markers UBC 810, UBC 876, and UBC 848 were determined to have the high rate of mutation, as seen by their banding patterns. PIC values range from 0.34 (UBC 810) to 0.67 (UBC 826) with an average of 0.49 in ISSR analysis. The current study may be helpful in creating transgenic lines in future with improved desired traits in wheat. (M. K. Yadav) (Swati Sharma) Advisor AuthorThesisItem Open Access POST HARVEST INTERVENTIONS IN ‘SANTA ROSA’ JAPANESE PLUM (Prunus salicina Lindell) FOR ENHANCED MARKETABILITY(DIVISION OF FOOD SCIENCE & POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGY INDIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE NEW DELHI, 2014) Swati Sharma; R. R. SharmaThe Japanese plum cv. ‘Santa Rosa’ is climacteric in nature and exhibits a short postharvest life. Hence, studies were done by formulating three objectives comprising of five different experiments to observe the effects of various treatments of salicylic acid (SA), nitric oxide (NO), ethylene absorbents (EA) and active modified atmosphere (MA) packaging on the postharvest quality and life of plum fruits. For objective I, three experiments were conducted (SA, NO and EA). In 1st and 2 nd experiment, the plums were given immersion treatments of salicylic acid (SA @ 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mM) and nitric oxide (NO @ 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM), respectively. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a donor of nitric oxide was used for NO immersion treatments. In the 3rd experiment, the plums were packaged with ethylene absorbents (KMnO4 impregnated newspaper shreds @ 2%, 4%, 6% and ethylene absorbent sachets). For these three experiments, the observations on several physical, physiological and biochemical attributes were recorded at 4 days interval. Results of these experiments revealed that postharvest SA and NO treatments maintained the postharvest quality up to 36 days while ethylene absorbents maintained quality up to 28 days in cold storage (2 ± 0.5oC and 90 ± 5% RH). The SA @ 2.0 mM, NO @ 0.5 mM and EA @ ethylene absorbent sachets packaging treatment were found to be the best for maintaining fruit quality and extending the postharvest life of plums. Remarkably, SA (1.5 and 2.0 mM) and NO (0.25 and 0.5 mM) treated fruits showed no symptoms of disease at any time during the storage period. For the second objective, the plums were first placed in cold storage (2 ± 0.5oC and 90 ± 5% RH) for 21 days, taken out at an interval of seven days and treated with the best doses (SA@ 2.0 mM, NO @ 0.5 mM and EA sachets) observed after execution of objective I, followed by storage at supermarket conditions (20 ± 1oC and 90 ± 5% RH). The observations on different attributes were recorded at an interval of 2 days. The SA @ 2.0 mM treatment was found to be the best for maintaining fruit quality. The ‘Santa Rosa’ plums removed after 7th (staggered-I), 14th (staggered-II) and 21st day (staggered-III) from cold storage maintained quality and exhibited postharvest life of 10, 6 and 4 days, respectively at subsequent supermarket conditions. For objective III, the fruits were packed in polypropylene trays by flushing different concentrations of O2 (2, 3 and 5%) and CO2 (5, 7 and 10%) and O2 = 20% and CO2 = 2% served as control, with subsequent storage at supermarket (20 ± 0.5oC and 90 ± 5% RH) and ambient conditions. Observations on different attributes were recorded at different intervals. The fruits treated with SA @ 2.0 mM maintained the highest quality parameters in every staggered set followed by NO @ 0.5 mM and EA sachets. The active MA packages maintained fruit quality up to 16 and 6 days, respectively under cold and ambient storage. The plums packed in T7 MA (O2=5%, CO2= 5%) was the best among all active MA packaging treatments in maintaining quality and delaying the postharvest ripening. All the active MA treatments significantly inhibited the enzyme activities and exhibited lower physiological loss in weight (PLW) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content than control fruits. The plums under T7 active MA packaging treatment retained maximum total phenolics content (100.66 mg 100 g -1 FW), antioxidant capacity (9.73 μmol Trolox equiv. g -1 ) and ascorbic acid content (20.3 mg 100 g-1 pulp) on the final day of cold storage (20oC). The development of colour was also significantly delayed by all the SA, NO, EA and active MA packaging treatments over control. Thus, it can be concluded that SA (2.0 mM), NO (0.5 mM), EA sachets and active MA packaging (O2=5% and CO2= 5%) treatments can be incorporated in the postharvest value chain of plums to enhance its marketability and maintain fruit quality for extended storage period.