Browsing by Author "Swain, P.K."
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ThesisItem Open Access Bioecology and management of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting mungbean(OUAT, 2018-08) Barik, Shrabani; Swain, P.K.Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important pulse crop of India constrained by several diseases resulting in losses in quality and quantity. Root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita very often results in severe losses in mungbean crop in different parts of the Odisha state. Experiments demonstrated the symptoms stunting, chlorosis, drying of leaf tips and margins with numerous galls in the roots of mungbean infected by M. incognita. It induced 3-7 poly nucleated giant cells inside the vascular parenchyma which served as metabolic sinks to sequester nutrient demand of the developing nematode accompanied by disruption of vascular tissues, hypertrophied cortical cells and hyperplastic pericycle cells leading to typical gall formation in the roots of mungbean. The life cycle was completed in 28 days in mungbean with an ambient mean temperature ranging between 27.6 to 28.10C. The damaging threshold level of M. incognita in mungbean cultivar Dhauli was determined @100j2/kg soil. The avoidable yield loss in mungbean CV, Dhauli by M. incognita in a naturally infested field was estimated to be 35.39 per cent. The population densities of M. incognita in paddy-mungbean cropping sequences varied greatly in different parts of the year depending upon the crop and fallow periods. Highest population was recorded during pick period of growth of mungbean and the lowest during fallow. OBGG-52 and OBGG-194 with a mean root knot index ranging between 1.66 to2.0 exhibited resistant reaction. Cultivars De local and T-43-1-5 exhibited highly resistant response with a mean root knot index ranging between1.0 to 1.33. Soil application of carbofuran 3G @ 0.75kg a.i/ha+ seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum@ 10g/kg seed was the best cost effective integrated management module for M. incognita infecting mungbean.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Some Herbicides on Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne Incognita) Affecting Tomato.(Orissa Univesrity of Agriculture and Technology; Bhubaneswar, 1985) Barad, Bharat; Swain, P.K.ThesisItem Open Access HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIP AND MANAGEMENT OF Meloidogyne incognita IN TURMERIC(2014) Mohanty, Swatilekha; Swain, P.K.Turmeric an important spice of India is very often subjected to the invasion of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita resulting in loss of production and productivity. In the present study, there was a progressive decrease in plant growth parameters of turmeric and increase in nematode parameters with increase in the initial inoculums density under both ambient and enhanced CO2 condition. The damaging threshold level was estimated to be 100 J2/kg soil of M. incognita irrespective of seasons and environmental conditions. Increase in various physiological and biochemical parameters viz; rate of photosynthesis, carbohydrate, relative water content, proline and curcumin as well as decrease in N-R activity, chlorophyll index, leaf water potential, dark respiration and relative water deficit were observed under enhanced CO2 condition irrespective of the inoculums level of M. incognita. There was a progressive decrease in all the physiological and biochemical parameters except relative water deficit with increased initial inoculums density and the threshold level was estimated to be 1000 J2/kg soil. The second stage juveniles of M. incognita induced 4-7 discrete multi nucleated giant cells in the xylem parenchymatous cells at multiple sites with dense cytoplasm, enlarged nuclei, nucleoli and wall ingrowths along with cortical hypertrophy and the pericycle hyperplasia to form typical root galls. The life cycle (J2 - J2) of M. incognita on turmeric (cv. Lakadong) was completed in 30 days with ambient temperature range of 25-35˚C. The extent of mean avoidable loss in rhizome yield of turmeric by M. incognita irrespective of seasons was 22 per cent. Out of several turmeric cultivars screened through in vitro, in vivo and marker assisted selection, „Dugirala‟, „PTS 31‟, „Ansitapani‟, „PTS 42‟, „PTS 47‟, „361 Gorakhpur‟, „328 Sugandham‟ and „PTS 21‟ were resistant to M. incognita and cultivars viz; „Erode local‟, „PTS 53‟, „Sudarsan‟, „CLS 33‟, „Phulbani wild‟, „PTS 17‟, „328 Sugandham‟, „PTS 47‟ and „Kasturi manjari‟ were resistant to T. maculans. However, the resistance of „Dugirala‟, „PTS 47‟ and „328 Sugandham‟ to both M. incognita and Taphrina maculans was confirmed by using ISSR markers. Soil solarization alone or in combination increased soil temperature, plant growth, yield and reduced the nematode population. Crustacean exoskeleton significantly increased population build up of actinomycetes lethal to nematodes. Among all the single and combined management modules, T11 (carbofuran @ 0.75 kg a.i/ha + Bacillus subtilis @ 5 lit/ha) was the best cost effective eco-friendly INM module with a B : C ratio of 2.8 : 1.