Browsing by Author "Suri, Deepika"
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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of chemical fertilizers, organics and lime on fractions of micronutrient cations under continuous maize-wheat cropping in an acid Alfisol(CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2023-02-10) Suri, Deepika; Sharma, R.P.The present investigation was carried out in an on-going long-term fertilizer experiment, initiated during 1972 at experimental farm of Department of Soil Science, CSK HPKV Palampur, to study the effect of chemical fertilizers, organics and lime on fractions of micronutrient cations under continuous maize-wheat cropping in an acid Alfisol. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with twelve treatments. The soil of the experimental site was silty loam and classified taxonomically as “Typic Hapludalf”. Soil samples were collected after wheat (rabi, 2019-20 and 2020- 21) harvest from the surface (0-0.15 m) and sub-surface (0.15-0.30 m) layer. Soil samples were analyzed for various chemical, physical and microbiological properties using standard analytical procedures. Different fractions of Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe were determined in surface and sub-surface soil samples collected after wheat harvest (rabi, 2019-20) and soil samples drawn from adjacent buffer plots. The grain and stover/straw yield of maize and wheat was recorded. The nutrient concentration was determined in grain and stover/straw samples of maize & wheat and uptake was calculated. Continuous use of chemical fertilizers, organics and lime under maize-wheat system in an acid Alfisol brought out marked depletion in the pools of all the micronutrient cations as compared to buffer plots. The content of different fractions of Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe in sub-surface layer was less than that in surface layer. However, the treatment wise trend was almost similar to that under surface layer. Highest grain yield of maize (54.77 and 44.91 q ha-1 during 2019 and 2020, resectively) and wheat (28.11 and 24.67 q ha-1 during 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively) was recorded under 100% NPK + FYM treatment which was at par with 100 % NPK + lime. FYM and lime treatments resulted in significantly higher uptake of all the nutrients by both the crops compared to other treatments. Most of the fractions of Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe correlated negatively and significantly with pH and positively and significantly with OC and CEC. Simple correlation and regression studies revealed that organically bound and exchangeable fractions were found to play major role in the nutrient supply, crop productivity and nutrients’ uptake.ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF SULPHUR FRACTIONS IN SOME CULTIVATED SOILS OF LOW AND MID HILL ZONES OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 24-07-18) Suri, Deepika; Sharma, V.K.Knowledge of the spatial distribution of various fractions of sulphur in soils helps in predicting its short- and long-term availability for sustainable crop production. In the present investigation, 196 surface soil samples, representing major soils (Entisols, Alfisols & Inceptisols) and land use types, were collected from low and mid hill zones of Himachal Pradesh to study the spatial distribution of S forms vis-à-vis their relationship with important soil properties. The soil samples were collected at 0-15 cm depth from cultivated soils under maize-wheat, paddy-wheat, vegetable-based & sugarcane-based cropping sequences and at 0-30 cm depth from tea gardens and orchards of mango, mandarin, apple etc. and analyzed for important soil properties and S forms using standard methods. The depth-wise distribution of those soil attributes and S forms (at 0-15, 15-30 & 30-60) was also studied in the selected soils. Sand (%), silt (%), clay (%), textural class, soil pH (1:2.5), electrical conductivity (μS cm-1), organic carbon (g kg-1), cation exchange capacity {cmol(p+) kg-1}, base saturation (%) and calcium carbonate (%) ranged from 40 to 80, 12 to 45, 6 to 24, loamy sand to sandy clay loam, 6.1 to 7.8 (slightly acid to slightly alkaline), 142 to 372, 3.1 to 15.3, 4.7 to 13.3, 60 to 77 and 0.05 to 2.20 in soils of low hill zone and varied from 25 to 80, 12 to 43, 5 to 32, loamy sand to sandy clay loam, 5.2 to 6.9 (slightly acidic to slightly alkaline), 0.040 to 0.320, 0.280 to 2.200, 4.1 to 16.38, 48 to 71 and 0.075 to 2.150 in soils of mid hill zone of Himachal Pradesh, respectively. As regards available nutrient status of soils , N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were medium, low, medium, high, high, low, sufficient, sufficient, sufficient and deficient, respectively in low and mid hill zones of Himachal Pradesh. Per cent soil samples deficient in N, P, S and Zn were 26, 47, 59 and 39 in low hill zone and 11, 45, 30 and 34 in mid hill zone, respectively. Such a spatial variation in soil properties and fertility status may be explained in light of pedo-genesis and prevailing nutrient management practices. Water soluble, exchangeable, available, organic, non-sulphate and total S in cultivated soils of low hill zone ranged from 7 .0 to 1.1, 1.9 to 10.9, 3.1 to 21.1, 75.9 to 316.1, 8 to 41.5 and 75.5 to 281.9 with mean values of 3.7, 6.1, 9.8, 143.4, 21.7 and 155.6, respectively. Whereas in mid hill zone, water soluble, exchangeable, available, organic, non-sulphate and total sulphur in cultivated soils varied from 1.7 to 9.9, 3.4 to 20.9, 5.1 to 30.8, 60.8 to 444.6, 6.7 to 58.9 and 72.6 to 513.9 with mean values of 4.5, 9.6, 14.1, 215.4, 31.4 and 260.9, respectively. On an average, water soluble, exchangeable, available, organic and non-sulphate S constituted about 2.0, 3.8, 5.8, 86 and 13 per cent of total soil S, respectively in both the zones of Himachal Pradesh. As regards depth-wise distribution, surface soils were richer in available and potentially available reserves of S as compared to the sub-surface soils. Irrespective of land use type and soils, there were significant and positive correlations between different chemical pools of S, indicating the existence of dynamic equilibrium among them. Among all soil properties, clay, organic carbon and cation exchange capacity exhibited better correlations with each form of S. Soils with lower values of clay, organic carbon and CEC contained less amount of soil S in each pool as compared to soils higher in those soil attributes. Based on step-wise multiple regression analysis, OC was found to be main contributing factor which affects the S availability in soil. Soils deficient in available S had lower content of each form of sulphur as compared to those, sufficient in available S. It is therefore, essential to maintain the S build-up in different S pools for ensuring optimum S supply to crops.