Browsing by Author "Sukhjinder Singh"
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ThesisItem Restricted EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF BLAST DISEASE OF RICE(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2013) Sukhjinder SinghDisease surveys revealed that disease incidence and severity of rice blast on nursery plants of Pusa basmati 1121 cultivar varied from 15.0 to 40.0 per cent and 10.0 to 35.0 per cent respectively at different locations of Punjab during 2011 crop season. The basmati rice fields which had high disease severity at seedling stage in the villages of Deep Singh Wala (22.0 %), Sarala Kalan and Avan Khalsa (15.0 %) were also visited during the adult plant stage and disease severity in all the above fields varied only from traces to 4.0 per cent. Disease survey at adult plant stage revealed that the highest disease incidence and severity was recorded from village Dhurial (Jalandhar) and Murthli (Gurdaspur) on cultivar Pusa basmati 1121 during 2011 and 2012 crop season. Maximum colony growth and sporulation of Pyricularia grisea was observed on Oat meal agar medium. A temperature of 250C was found to be highly suitable for colony growth and sporulation of the pathogen. Minimum colony growth and sporulation was observed at 15°C. Maximum colony growth and sporulation was observed at pH 6.0 followed by pH 7.0. Among different substrates tested maximum sporulation was observed on makra grass followed by carrot cubes. A minimum of 12 hours of leaf wetness was required for infection and symptoms appeared within 7 days of incubation period. Thereafter, the incubation period decreased while disease severity increased significantly with increase in leaf wetness from 12 to 48 hours. A positive correlation between leaf wetness duration and disease severity was observed. Maximum increase in lesion length was recorded at 250C followed by 200C. Increase in lesion length was minimum at 100C. Under in vitro conditions, tebuconazole proved most effective followed by azoxystrobin + difenconazole, propiconazole and difenconazole. Under pot house conditions tebuconazole was most effective in reducing the disease followed by propiconazole. Under field conditions, propiconazole followed by azoxystrobin + difenconazole and tricyclazole were most effective in reducing the disease and increasing the paddy yield.ThesisItem Restricted Experimental study on effectiveness of videos on crop residue management technologies(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Sukhjinder Singh; Sharma, AnilThe study was planned with the objectives to study the gain in knowledge of the respondents after watching informative videos, to ascertain the effectiveness of the videos related to paddy straw management, to study the satisfaction level of the farmers towards quality of videos on crop residue management. A multi-stage sampling procedure, a quasi- experiment design, a pre and post tests along with control group was applied. Four informative videos on crop residue management techniques, in-situ residue management, ex-situ residue management and fertilizer application were treatment in the study. Primary data was generated through structured interview schedule. The data analysis frequency, percentages, t-test, paired t-test and chi square were used. The results show that before treatments, there was non-significant difference in knowledge score between control and experimental group. However, after exposure to the videos a significant difference was observed in knowledge score from the residue management technologies videos. Majority of the respondents were found to be effective regarding different technical and scientific aspects of informative videos. Majority of the respondents were found to be satisfied with the videos in terms of language used and accuracy & credibility etc. The socio- personnel characteristics such as age, education, size of land holding were found to be significantly associated with satisfaction of respondents towards videos. Thus videos can be used as an effective medium of transferring agricultural information and enhancing knowledge of recommended technologies among the farming community.ThesisItem Open Access Induction and molecular characterization of guava variants generated through mutation breeding(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Sukhjinder Singh; Gill, M. I. S.The present study entitled “Induction and molecular characterization of guava variants generated through mutation breeding” was carried out during year 2015-2016. The research work was conducted at the Fruit Research Farm, Department of Fruit Science and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Induction of variation is the key to improve existing potential cultivars, lacking few important traits. The guava cultivars Shweta and Lalit are promising, however, lack the traits of commerce, particularly the development of uniform coloured pigmentation on outer skin and hard seeds, respectively. To induce variation, mutation induction approach was adopted. Buds of Shweta were exposed to gamma rays at different doses viz., 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 Gy followed by patch budding of putative mutated buds on L-49 rootstock. Seeds of guava cultivars Lalit and Shweta were exposed to gamma rays at the doses of 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 Gy. Generated variants were evaluated for vegetative characters based on UPOV descriptors. Statistically significant difference for all the traits were observed among generated variants. 21 SSR markers were used for molecular characterization of variants. Out of 21 primers used on 384 mutants, maximum number of mutations were identified for mPgCIR19 primer mapped to linkage group Lg:10 at 85 cM and minimum number of mutants were identified by markers mPgCIR40 and mPgCIR93. A mutant plant L207 generated by irradiating Lalit at 50 Gy resulted variation at maximum (8) different positions within the genome. The dendrogram generated using SSR markers grouped mutants into nine clusters and maximum similarity of 100 per cent was showed by B115 and B116. Whereas B201 and B310 showed minimum similarity of 64 per cent. Out of total 384 plants generated, 143 plants were selected on the basis of pigmentation of leaves. 40 SSR primers used for the molecular characterization of pigmented leaf variants generated were identified in M1V0. Out of 40 primers, maximum number of mutants were generated or identified by mPgCIR236 primer and minimum number of mutants were identified by mPgCIR418 and mPgCIR209. Plant S102 of cv. Shweta irradiated at 25 Gy, showed variation at maximum (19) different positions. The dendrogram generated using SSR markers grouped mutants into seven clusters. The maximum similarity of 99 per cent was observed in putative mutants B114 and B116, whereas B203 and B107 showed minimum similarity to the tune of 71 per cent. To conclude, the generated mutants have showed diverse variation at morphological (vegetative characters) and molecular level, which is expected to be translated into desired fruit characters for the anticipated traits.