Browsing by Author "Srinivasan, S.R."
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ThesisItem Open Access Ambulatory Electrocardiographic Studies in Canine Cardiac Arrhythmias(TANUVAS, 2008) Eswari, K.; TANUVAS; Suresh, R.V.; Srinivasan, S.R.; Kirubaharan, JohnThesisItem Open Access Analysis Of Tetracycline Residues In Poultry And The Impact Of Its Wash - Off On Macrobrachium Rosenbergii(Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, 2012) Rameshwar, Bijargi Shriharsh; TANUVAS; Hariharan, P.; Selvasubramanium, S.; Venkateswaran, K.V.; Srinivasan, S.R.Antimicrobials are commonly used in animal production since 1940’s, after it was observed that tetracycline increased the survivability and growth rate in chicken. With the intensification of broiler industry, stress on birds increased and hence the use of antimicrobials in production has also increased. To safeguard public health against the deleterious effects of antimicrobial residues in consumable meat, regulatory agencies all over the world have come up with measures like prescribing “Maximum Residue Limits” (MRLs) so as to keep the antimicrobial concentration in meat below the prescribed limit by following strict withdrawal periods. Considering the utility and requirement regarding the use of tetracyclines in mass medication through drinking water and the lack of published data in this regard, the present study was designed and conducted on pharmacokinetic and tissue residue analysis of oxytetracycline (10 mg.kg^-1), doxycycline (20 mg.kg^-1) and tigecycline (10 mg.kg^-1) in broilers. Twelve pharmacokinetic studies (Intravenous – single dose, oral– single dose, through drinking water– single dose, through drinking water– multiple doses) and three tissue depletion studies including six sacrifices per study at seven day interval till 35 days post-treatment were conducted. Residues of tetracyclines were analysed in muscle, liver and kidney considering Codex MRLs. An attempt was also made to study the effect of tetracyclines on aquatic invertebrates when these antimicrobials are present in poultry unit waste (wash-off) using Macrobrachium rosenbergii as a model for the toxicity study. Oxytetracycline demonstrated very poor bioavailability through oral (23.52%) and drinking water route (2.43 and 4.81% for single and multiple dose). In tissue depletion study, muscle tissues was observed to retain oxytetracycline for longer period than other tissues with the levels above MRL at day 7 while liver and kidney had quantifiable levels only on day 1. An overall withdrawal period of 14 days can be suggested for oxytetracycline at the given dosage regimen. Doxycycline was found to have greater stability and fair systemic bioavailability after administration through drinking water (27.60 –single dose and 33.28% - multiple dose) or per-os route (47.60%). A consolidated withdrawal period upto 28 days can be prescribed for doxycycline based on tissue depletion studies. Tigecycline, a novel glycylcycline compound also had poor bioavailability (through drinking water after 5 doses – 2.2%) similar to oxytetracycline. The tissue depletion study revealed presence of quantifiable tigecycline only on day 1 of sacrifice, suggesting a necessary withdrawal period upto 7 days in all the tissues. Oxytetracycline and tigecycline could not meet the therapeutic levels in plasma required for treatment of systemic infections. Doxycycline, though found to be most feasible tetracycline for mass medication, exhibited a longer withdrawal period required to bring the tissue concentrations below prescribed limits, which questions the field applicability of this antimicrobial at given dose and dose interval. Usefulness of oxytetracycline and tigecycline for treatment of gastrointestinal infections and as a growth promoter can be considered since these tetracyclines have lower tissue penetration and shorter withdrawal period. While evaluating the effect of tetracyclines as wash-off contaminants from poultry farm the concentrations of tetracyclines as high as 0.5mg/g of wash-off was observed. On testing Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Giant freshwater prawn) for acute immobility test with the same amount of tetracyclines for 48 h, no acute toxicity was evident. However, delay in hemolymph clotting time and molting time suggested possible immunosuppression caused by tetracyclines.ThesisItem Open Access Application and Outcome of Haemodialysis in Dogs with Refractory Uremia(TANUVAS, 2009) Girishkumar, V.K.; TANUVAS; Srinivasan, S.R.; Suresh, R.V.; Balachandran, CThesisItem Open Access Assessment of Fecal Cortisol in Captive and Free-Ranging Elephants of Tamil Nadu State(TANUVAS, 2011) Nishanth, B; TANUVAS; Srinivasan, S.R.; Jayathangaraj, M.G.; Sridhar, RThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF MINERAL PROFILE AND THEIR ASSOCIATED DEFICIENCY DISEASES IN SHEEP(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2015) Inbaraj, C.; TANUVAS; Balaganagatharathilagar, M.; Srinivasan, S.R.; Balakrishnan, V.The research work on “Assessment of Mineral Profile and Their Associated Deficiency Diseases in Sheep” was carried out to assess the mineral profile of sheep and to generate data on deficiency, if any, and to Suggest appropriate intervention for sheep in North Eastern Agro Climatic Zone of Tamil Nadu (Kanchipuram, Thiruvallur, Thiruvannamalai, Vellore and Villupuram). Four blocks were randomly selected from each district. Soil, plant and animal serum samples were collected for this study. The plant and soil samples were collected by throwing the ring randomly in the grazing area and the plants were cut close to the ground level, The predominant grass varieties were kept for plant identification.ArticleItem Open Access Babesia Gibsoni – An Emerging Challenge In Canine Pediatric Practice In Chennai(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2010-05) Selvaraj, P.; Senthilkumar, K.; Vairamuthu, S.; Prathaban, S.; Srinivasan, S.R.; TANUVASCanine Babesiosis caused by Babesia gibsoni was more prevalent in canine pediatric population of Chennai. In puppies it causes a fatal disease with complicating signs. Though Diminazene aceturate was used in successful management of babesiosis, in some cases it fails to effect cure in puppies. In such cases Clindamycin was found to be successful in the clinical management of pediatric babesiosis.OtherItem Open Access Bethanechol in the Management of Bladder Atony in a German Shepherd Dog - A Case Report(TANUVAS, 2006-06) Albert, P.S. Jojy; Thirunavukkarasu, P.S.; Kavitha, S.; Srinivasan, S.R.ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical and Clinico Pathological Findings of Non-penetrating Foreign Bodies in Ruminants(TANUVAS, 2008) Vanitha, V.; TANUVAS; Nambi, A.P.; Srinivasan, S.R.; Raj, G. DhinakarBook chapterItem Open Access BIOINFORMATICS IN FOOD ANIMAL MEDICINE(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2009-09) Srinivasan, S.R.; TANUVASBioinformatics is a composite field that applied the knowledge from applied mathematics, informatics, statistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, chemistry and biochemistry to solve biological problems. This is the field where millions of research hours and the maximum investment are being done in developed countries to explore better and also to obtain effective results based on data. The simplest task to start with in the field of bioinformatics is to create and maintain databases of biological information.ThesisItem Open Access Blood Transfusion in Canine Anaemia(TANUVAS, 1992) Vertimalai, K; TANUVAS; Rajan, T.S.S.; Thanikachalam, M; Srinivasan, S.R.Book chapterItem Open Access Blood Transfusion in Dogs(TANUVAS, 1986) Srinivasan, S.R.ArticleItem Open Access Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Bacteriology in Bovine Respiratory Disorders(Indian J. Vet. Med., 2015) Thirunavukkarasu, P.; Ramesh, A.; Balachandran, C.; Srinivasan, S.R.; Prathaban, S.; Dhanapalan, P.; TANUVASArticleItem Open Access Buffers and Feed Additives for Productivity Augmentation in Dairy Cattle: A Review(INTAS Polivet, 2007) Selvaraj, P.; Srinivasan, S.R.; Dhanapalan, P.; TANUVASDairy Husbandry became a precision farming system with the single most objective of “cost cutting” and “profit maximization”. The challenge in feeding high producing dairy cows is to maximize dry matter intake and energy density of the ration, while maintaining the rumen health. The major risk to rumen health in current feeding practices in India is feeding too much readily digestible starch diet (e.g. finely ground grain) or too little good quality fiber (roughage). Owing to shrinking pasture land and water resources, green fodder or roughage feeding was very minimal today.OtherItem Open Access Canine Distemper In Two Jackals (Canis aureus)— A Case Report(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2010-02) Chandrasekar, M.; Jayathangaraj, M.G.; Vijayalakshmi, P.; Pandian, L.P.; Thirunavukkarasu, P.S.; Srinivasan, S.R.; TANUVASTwo jackals belonging to wild animal enclosure, Vellore were reported to be off feed for the past three days and were found to be going down in condition, with convulsions. Clinical examination revealed rectal temperature of 39.4° C, congested mucous membrane,ArticleItem Open Access A Case Report of Tetanus in a Puppy(Indian Veterinary Association, 2003-01) Vijayakumar, G.; Srinivasan, S.R.; Subramanian, M.; TANUVASTetanus is caused by the action of a potent neurotoxin formed in the body by Clostridum tetani, which are introduced to animal hosts usually traumatically (Wells and Balish, 1983). Disease occurs frequently in horses, less often in other herbivores and occasionally in pigs and carnivores (Rood et al. 1977).ThesisItem Open Access Chicken Bone Marrow Stem Cell Characterization for Osteogenic Progenitor Differentiation(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2011) Bhuvanalakshmi, G.; Mangalagowri, A.; Srinivasan, S.R.; TANUVASArticleItem Open Access Chronic Hepatitis in Dogs: Finding Incidence, Haematological and Peritoneal Fluid Changes in Histologically Confirmed Cases(2017-02) Ranjithkumar, M.; Srinivasan, S.R.; Balachandran, C.; TANUVASChronic hepatitis is common in dogs which often perceived as most frustrating disease. Liver biopsy is always required for definitive diagnosis. Based on histopathological lesions it is classified in to four groups’ viz., chronic progressive hepatitis, chronic nonspecific hepatitis, chronic cholangio hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. The incidence, predominant clinical signs, heamatological and peritoneal fluid changes were not clear among the different types chronic hepatitis. The study was carried out to address the above said problems in natural cases of chronic hepatitis dogs. Our study found that overall incidence was 0.25% with more occurrence of chronic progressive hepatitis (43.34%) followed by others in it. Mongrels (33.34 %) were suffered more frequently followed by Doberman pinschers (15.38 %) and German shepherd (15.38 %) dogs. The predominant clinical signs of chronic hepatitis were inappetance to anorexia (92.30 %), depression (74.35 %) and vomition (56.41 %). Haemoglobin values and eosinophils were significantly altered when compared to control. Neutrophil counts were increased significantly in liver cirrhosis animals. Peritoneal fluid analysis in nine cases confirms it as trasudate to modified transudate with total protein and cell count values of 4.07 gm/dl and 5.21 x 103 /cumm respectively.OtherItem Open Access Chylothorax in a Dog - A Case Report(TANUVAS, 2006-06) Chandrasekar, M.; Thirunavukkarasu, P.S.; Nambi, A.P.; Balachandran, C.; Vijayakumar, G.; Kavitha, S.; Prathaban, S.; Srinivasan, S.R.