Browsing by Author "Srinivasan, P."
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ArticleItem Open Access Acute Aspergillosis and Colisepticeamia in Japanese Quail Flocks(Indian Veterinary Association, 2014-12) Srinivasan, P.; Gopalakrishnamurthy, T.R.; Saravanan, S.; Balachandran, P.; Gowthaman, V.; Mohana, N.; TANUVASThe present study reports the concurrent occurrence of aspergillosis and colisepticaemia in Japanese quails at dit't‘ere-nt weeks of age. Materials collected from the dead birds. water. feed, litter and environment were subjected to fungal. bacterial. viral and pathological exami- nations. Presence of Aspergillus fumigatous and Escherichia coli were identified in the dead birds, litter. Water and environment samples. Affected flocks showed mortality of 12.2 to 26.7 per cent, respiratory difficulties. caseous nodules in the lungs. air sacs and cloisepticaemic lesions. Histopathologically the fungal hyphac were demonstrated. The flocks Wore successfully treated with copper sulphate and enrofloxacin in the drinking water.ArticleItem Open Access Acute Salinomycin Toxicity in a Turkey Flock(Indian Veterinary Journal, 2013-01) Srinivasan, P.; Murthy, T.R. Gopalakrishna; Saravanan, S.; Mohan, B.; TANUVASSalinomycin which belongs to the group of polyether ionophore antibiotic, is a fermentation product of Streptomyces albus (kinashi et. al., 1973) and used predominantly as a coccidiostat for broiler and replacement layer chickens. This communication reports the clinical, anatomical and histopathological aspects of unintentional poisoning by salinomycin in turkeys.ArticleItem Open Access Ameliorative Effect of Mannanoligosaccharide of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the Performance of Japanese Quails in Aflatoxiocosis(Indian Veterinary Journal, 2011-03) Sasikala, M.; Balasubramaniam, G.A.; Sivaseelan, S.; Sumithra, A.; Srinivasan, P.; TANUVASThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of mannanoligosaccharide of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the performance of Japanese Quail afftected by aflatoxicosis.ThesisItem Open Access AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF PANCHAGAVYA ON NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN CHICKEN(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2008) Sumithra, A.; TANUVAS; Srinivasan, P.; Balasubramaniam, G.A.; Dorairajan, N.The present work was carried out to assess the ameliorative effect of Panchagavya on Newcastle disease (ND) in chicken. In the experimental study, 96 cockerels were divided into 8 groups with 12 chicks in each. Panchagavya was fed in three different levels viz. 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7 per cent (T3 and T6, T4 and T7 and T5 and T8) from day one. Vaccination against ND was carried out in 4 groups (T2, T6, T7 and T8), but the other 4 groups (T1, T3, T4, and T5) were not vaccinated. All the birds in eight groups were challenged with VNDV. Sera samples were collected from birds at weekly interval after ND vaccination and the post vaccination antibody titre against NDV was assessed by modified filter paper technique. The protective antibody titre (HI) against NDV was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in Panchagavya fed and vaccinated groups (T6, T7 and T8) than the vaccinated control group (T2). Among the three levels of Panchagavya inclusion, 0.7 per cent (T8 group) showed highest antibody titre. The growth parameters including, weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were comparatively better in Panchagavya fed groups than the control. The highest body weight (1159 g) was recorded in 0.7 per cent Panchagavya fed and vaccinated group (T8), whereas in unvaccinated control group (T1) was about 1028 g at 16th wk. The mean feed consumption was higher in control groups (T1 and T2) than the Panchagavya fed (T3 to T8) groups. The feed conversion ratio was lesser in Panchagavya fed (T3 to T8) groups than the control (T1 and T2) groups. The incubation period in ND infected birds varied from 2 to 5, 5 to 14, 4 to 9, 5 to 10, 5 to 10, 7 to 13, 7 to 13 and 8 to 12 DPI for the groups T1 to T8. Mortality was 100 per cent (12/12), 16.6 (2/12), 83.3 (10/12), 66.6 (8/12), 58.3 (7/12), 8.3 (1/12) and 8.3 (1/12) for the groups T1 to T7. No mortality was observed in birds treated with 0.7 per cent Panchagavya fed and vaccinated group (T8). The clinical signs of dullness, depression, gasping, oculo nasal discharge and greenish watery diarrhoea were observed in unvaccinated control group (T1). In vaccinated control group (T2), all the above signs were noticed in only few birds. These signs were also observed in other Panchagavya fed groups but with low intensity and for a transient period. Grossly, the unvaccinated control group (T1), revealed multifocal haemorrhages on the mucosa of proventriculus, ulcers with raised borders in the gizzard and intestines and extensive haemorrhages in caecal tonsils. Trachea showed congestion, catarrhal changes and petechial haemorrhages. Spleen showed congestion, enlargement, necrosis and atrophy. In vaccinated control group (T2), petechial haemorrhage on caecal tonsil, moderate congestion of trachea, lung, duodenum, liver and kidney were observed. In Panchagavya fed and unvaccinated groups (T3, T4 and T5), the lesions were similar to that of unvaccinated control group, whereas in Panchagavya fed and vaccinated group (T6, T7 and T8) caecal tonsil haemorrhage, mild congestion of lung and kidneys were observed Histopathologically, in unvaccinated control group (T1), proventriculus showed severe haemorrhages, necrosis and infiltration of mononuclear cells. Intestine showed diphtheritic enteritis along with vascular changes. Focal deciliation, congestion, edema, infiltration of mononuclear cells and heterophils in submucosa, necrosis and ulceration were noticed in trachea. Congestion and haemorrhages in the alveoli of lungs and mild perivascular cuffing with mononuclear cells and spongiosis in brain were observed. Lymphoid depletion along with lymphocellular necrosis and apoptosis were noticed in spleen and caecal tonsils. In vaccinated control group (T2), proventriculus and intestine showed infiltration of mononuclear cells. Depletion of lymphocytes, multifocal areas of necrosis and formation of germinal centres in spleen, diffuse lymphoid infiltration and formation of germinal centres in caecal tonsils were observed. In Panchagavya fed and unvaccinated groups (T3, T4 and T5), haemorrhage, necrosis and infiltration of mononuclear cells in the proventriculus, diphtheritic changes in the intestine, hypertrophy of goblet cells and loss of cilia in the trachea were noticed. In Panchagavya fed and vaccinated groups (T6, T7 and T8), profuse lymphoid infiltration in proventriculus, congestion and infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the trachea and lymphoid nodular hyperplasia in spleen were observed. Confirmation of the NDV by indirect immunoperoxidase test was carried out in spleen, trachea, proventriculus brain, liver, kidney, lung of all the groups (T1 to T8).OtherItem Open Access Assessment of Humoral Immunity to Eimeria Tenella Sporozoites in ChickensSaravanan, S.; Palanivel, K.M.; Harikrishnan, T.J.; Srinivasan, P.; Selvaraju, G.; TANUVASHumoral immune response to E. tenella Sporozoites in broiler chickens by a developed enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was assessed.ArticleItem Open Access Assessment of humoral immunity to Eimeria tenella sporozoites in chickens by ELISA(Veterinary World, 2014-07) Saravanan, S.; Palanivel, K.M.; Harikrishnan, T.J.; Srinivasan, P.; Selvaraju, G.; TANUVASAim : To assess the humoral immune response of Eimeria tenella sporozoites in broiler chickens by a developed enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the efficacy in terms of bodyweight, lesion score and oocysts excretion in immunized broilers. Materials and Methods: Purified live E. tenella sporozoites were administered subcutaneously in neck region of broiler chickens in the early life (first week) at different concentrations. The potency of the sporozoite vaccine as assessed by IgG levels and the performance in immunized broilers as assessed by body weight, lesion score and oocysts excretion in faeces after challenge with 10, 000 E. tenella live oocysts at 49 days of age were evaluated. Results: The chickens of group (T4) immunized with 20 μg of antigen on day 6 showed an increase in IgG levels (0.161±0.004) two weeks post immunization (PI) peaking (0.399± 0.016) at 5 weeks PI. The mean weekly weight gain (g) after challenge, at 56 days of age was high in T4 (148±4.751 g) with a low mean lesion score (2.5±0.22) and mean oocyst output (x10^3 oocytes per gram (OPG) in faeces (100.3± 45.72) when compared to unimmunised infected controls. Conclusion: An early but partial immune response against caecal coccidiosis could be achieved by immunization with E.tenella specific sporozoites in chickens of less than a week old. Moreover, the performance of immunized chickens as indicated by weight gain, lesion score and oocyst output was found to be superior to the unimmunized infected controls.OtherItem Open Access Assessment Of Immune Response Against Newcastle Disease Oral Pellet Vaccine In Desi ChickenReetha, T. Lurthu; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; Harikrishnan, T.J.; Sukumar, K.; Srinivasan, P.; Arthanareeswaran, M.; TANUVASThe study was carried out at Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu.ArticleItem Open Access Assessment of Immune Response Against Newcastle Disease Oral Pellet Vaccine in Desi Chicken by ELISA Test(2016-12) Reetha, T. Lurthu; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; Harikrishnan, T.J.; Sugumar, K.; Srinivasan, P.; Kirubaharan, J. John; TANUVASThe study was carried out at Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu. A total of 48 day old desi chicks obtained from a private hatchery in Namakkal, TamilNadu were maintained under cage system of rearing up to 52 weeks of age as per standard management practices. All the 48 chicks were divided into six groups having eight chicks in each group were subjected to different treatment regimes. Serum samples were collected at 21 days interval and the post vaccination antibody titre was assessed by ELISA tests. All the birds were challenged at 52 weeks of age with 0.5 ml dose of 104.0 EID50 virulent ND field virus. All the vaccinated groups in this study showed protective level of antibody titre throughout the study period of 52 weeks. The challenged birds were observed for ten days for the development of clinical symptoms, lesions and mortality. No mortality was observed in any of the vaccinated group whereas 100 percent mortality was recorded during the observation period in the unvaccinated control groups.ArticleItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF IMMUNE RESPONSE AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE ORAL PELLET VACCINE IN TURKEY(2014-01) Reetha, T. Lurthu; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; Harikrishnan, T.J.; Sukumar, K.; Srinivasan, P.; TANUVASNewcastle disease (ND) is a major constraint to village poultry production throughout developing countries, frequently causing mortality rates of 75 to 100 per cent in unvaccinated flocks (Spradbrow, 1992). Turkey farming is getting fast growth in southern regions. Kerala and Tamil Nadu are the leading states in turkey production.ArticleItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF POST VACCINATION IMMUNE RESPONSE AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE ORAL PELLET VACCINE IN TURKEY BY - CHALLENGE STUDYReetha, T. Lurthu; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; Harikrishnan, T.J.; Sukumar, K.; Srinivasan, P.; Arthanareeswaran, M.; TANUVASThe study was carried out at Veterinary University Training and Research Centre - Tiruchirapalli, Tamil nadu. A total of 32 turkey poults obtained from TANUVAS-Regional Research Centre, Pudukottai were divided into 4 groups having 8 poults in each group.ArticleItem Open Access Atypical form of IBD Outbreak in a Commercial Layer Flock(Indian Veterinary Association, 2018-04) Arulmozhi, A.; Balasubramaniam, G.A.; Doraisamy, K.A.; Gopalakrishnamurhty, T.R.; Sivaseelan, S.; Srinivasan, P.; TANUVASFifteen, White Leghorn layer chick carcasses and ve ailing birds aged 4 weeks were presented at the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal for clinical and post-mortem examination with the history of regular mortality. The ailing chicks exhibited ruf ed feathers, somnolence and greenish diarrhoea. Grossly, there were no typical lesions except haemorrhagic bursa. Histopathologically, there were severe lymphocytic depletion, central follicular necrosis and haemorrhages. The bursae samples showing lesions were positive for AGPT against IBD known serum. But the typical lesions of IBD viz. heamorrhage in the thigh, breast muscle, gizzard - proventriculus junction and renal lesions were totally absent. Hence, the present study was undertaken to study the atypical form of IBD in laying chicks which also causing high mortality.ArticleItem Open Access Bacteriological and Pathological Studies of Salpingitis in Layer Chicken‘(Indian Veterinary Association, 2014-03) Srinivasan, P.; Balasubramaniam, G.A.; Murthy, T.R. Gopala Krishna; Balachandran, P.; TANUVASThe oviduct of chicken is a hollow tubular organ joining the normally sterile environment of the body cavity with the cloaca, which normally has many millions of potentially pathogenic bacteria. The control of infection in oviduct is probably achieved by ciliated epithelium that mostly wafts a carpet of mucus towards the cloaca. Anything that damages the epithelium or disturbs normal oviduct motility is likely to increase the likelihood of salpingitis resulting in mortality, decrease in egg production and quality of eggs in commercial layers.ArticleItem Open Access Bacteriological Studies Of Ovine Pneumonia in an Organised Farm(Indian Veterinary Association, 2003-04) Srinivasan, P.; Iyue, M.; Anilkumar, R.; TANUVASThe success of sheep farming is largely based on the efficiency in minimising the mortality due to various reasons. Mortality due to diseases is the most important reason that determine the economic feasibility of large scale sheep rearing.ArticleItem Open Access Bilateral Submandibular Salivary Gland Tumour in a Goat(Indian Veterinary Journal, 2011-04) Sivaseelan, S.; Senthilkumar, S.; Balasubramaniam, G.A.; Srinivasan, P.; Balachandran, P.; Arulmozhi, A.; TANUVASArticleItem Open Access Clinico-pathological studies and immunohistochemical expression of hormonal receptors in perianal gland tumors of dogs(Indian J. Vet. Pathol.,, 2021) Madheswaran, R.; Prabhakaran, K.P.; Srinivasan, P.; Balasubramaniam, G.A.; Balachandran, P.; Sasikala, M.; Nithya, P.; TANUVASAn investigation was conducted to study the clinico-pathological features and hormonal receptors expression in perianal gland tumors of dogs. Hematological parameters of the aff ected dogs did not show any changes for TEC, Hb, Hct, platelets, TLC and DLC. Serum biochemical values like glucose, total protein, albumin, bilirubin, ALT, ALP, BUN, creatinine, calcium and phosphorus did not show any alterations. Grossly, cut surface of the tumor masses revealed greyish white, blood tinged and caulifl ower-like growths. Wright-Giemsa stained impression smears prepared from fi ne needle aspirates revealed a population of hepatoid cells mixed with few basaloid cells. Histopathologically, six cases of adenoma and three cases of carcinoma were observed. Adenoma was characterised by discrete bundles of large and round neoplastic cells. The cells were round to polygonal in shape and appeared as closely packed hepatocytes. A deeply basophilic round cells known as basaloid cells were found at the periphery of the lobules. The features of carcinomas were similar to adenoma but tend to grow faster, more fi rm and ulcerated. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissues revealed positive expression of estrogen receptor alpha, androgen receptor and human epidermal growth factor-2 and negative expression to progesterone receptor and pan-cytokeratin. The expression of hormonal receptors indicated the role of gonadal hormones in the development of perianal gland tumors in dogs.ArticleItem Open Access COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF ONCO-GENE AND ONCOGENECITY ASSOCIATED GENES OF SERO-TYPE 1 MAREK'S DISEASE VIRUS ISOLATES(Indian Veterinary Association Kerala, 2015-11) Suresh, P.; rajeswar, J. Johnson; Sukumar, K.; Harikrishnan, T.J.; Srinivasan, P.; TANUVASA study was undertaken to characterize the oncogene and oncogenecity associated genes at molecular level for three serotype 1 Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV) field isolates isolated from vaccinat- ed poultry flocks which had encountered the l\/Iarek’s Disease (MD) outbreak in Tamil Nadu and Kar- nataka. The isolates were named as Ind/TN/11/01, Ind/KA/12/02 and Ind/ TN/ 12/03. The oncogen- eMegand oncogenecity associated genes like pp38 and V[L8were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Amplified product size was 1081 bp, 1006 bp and 887 bp for Meg, pp38 and VIL8 genes respectively. The isolates were shown to have a homology of 99.1-99.8, 97.3-98.3 and 94.6-95.1 per cent with vari- ous isolates of China for Meg, pp38, and I/[L8 genes respectively and 98.5 - 99.2, 98.4 - 100 and 96.6 - 99.5 per cent with isolates of Europe and USA for Meg, pp38 and I/[L8 genes respectively. Alignment analysis of the nucleotide sequences showed that nucleotide mutations at five different positions in Meg gene, two different positions in pp38 gene and three different positions in I/[L8 gene displayed perfect regularity in MDVs circulating in southern part of India, which could be considered as features of field MDVs prevalent in this area recently. In addition, the mutation in Meg gene at positions 251, 260 and 437 were unique and coincides with very virulent strains from China GX0101, GXY2 and a Hungarian strain ATE. The mutation at positions 283 and 300 were unique and coincides only with very virulent strain ATE of Hungary There isalso a single nucleotide mutation at positions 155 (A to T), 369 (A to C), 462 (C to A) and 548 (C to T) observed in the isolate Ind/TN/ 12/03. The nucleotide mutation in pp38 gene displayed regularity at two positions, including 477 and 640 and the I/[L8 gene displayed regularity at three positions, including 112 (T to C), 329 (T to C) and 368 (A to G) in en- tire field MDV isolates of this study. Phylogenetic analysis of Meg, pp38 and I/[L8 protein sequences revealed that field MDVs in this area evolved independently but have similarities with very virulent strains of China and primary oncogene Meghas got more similarities with very virulent Hungarian strain.ArticleItem Open Access Complete nucleotide sequence analysis of the oncogene “Meq” from serotype 1 Marek’s disease virus isolates from India(2017) Suresh, P.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; Sukumar, K.; Harikrishnan, T.J.; Srinivasan, P.; TANUVASA study was undertaken to characterise the oncogene Meq at the molecular level for three serotype 1 Marek’s disease virus (MDV) field isolates from vaccinated poultry flocks which had encountered a Marek’s disease outbreak in the southern part of India. The isolates were named Ind/ TN/11/01, Ind/KA/12/02 and Ind/TN/12/03. The oncogene Meq was amplified by PCR and sequenced.OtherItem Open Access Concurrent Occurrence of Fowl Cholera and Newcastle Disease in a Turkey Flock(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2012-09) Srinivasan, P.; Murthy, T.R. Gopala Krishna; Saravanan, S.; Mohan, B.; TANUVAS