Browsing by Author "Singh, Santosh Kumar"
Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
Results Per Page
Sort Options
ThesisItem Open Access Aggregate associated zinc and zinc fractionation after six years of rice wheat cropping system with different doses and frequency of zinc application(Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, 2019) Lakshmi, Pepakayala Vara; Singh, Santosh KumarA six-year long-term field experiment was initiated during Kharif 2012-13 with rice-wheat cropping system under AICRP on micronutrients at nursery jhilli area of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar. The experiment was planned in RBD with 13 treatments and 3 replications consisting of four doses of zinc i.e., 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 kg ha-1 applied as zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) in Kharif with three different combinations of frequencies i.e., in the first year, alternate year and every year of zinc application along with control. Soil samples were collected and analyzed after 6 years i.e. after the harvest of wheat crop in 2018. Increasing doses and frequency of zinc application increased DTPA extractable zinc in all aggregate fractions and initial adsorption was more in small aggregate fractions than larger sized fractions. The order of DTPA extractable zinc was: 8 - 5 mm (1.01mg/kg) < 5 – 2 mm (2.37 mg kg-1) < 2 – 1 mm (3.81 mg kg-1) < 1 - 0.5mm (5.34 mg kg-1) < 0.5 - 0.25 mm (5.42 mg kg-1) < 0.25 - 0.1mm (6.13 mg kg-1). Most of the total zinc remained in residual form (80.03%) followed by crystalline form (9.19%) and the quantity of plant available form like water soluble + exchangeable (0.6%), complexed (3.16%), organically bound (1.19%), amorphous oxide bound zinc (6.6%) were very low. The order of dominance of different zinc fractions in soil was: Total-Zn (31.43 mg kg-1) > RES-Zn (25.13 mg kg-1) > CRY-Zn (2.89 mg kg-1) > ORG-Zn (2.09 mg kg-1) > COM-Zn (1.00 mg kg-1) > AMO-Zn (0.38 mg kg-1) > WS + EX-Zn (0.19 mg kg-1). All the fractions of zinc except crystalline and residual zinc had positive correlation with wheat grain yield and zinc uptake. Among all fractions Water soluble + Exchangeable and complexed fractions were the predominant forms that contributed most of the available zinc for wheat grain uptake and yield. Improvement in soil physical properties viz. bulk density and aggregate stability coupled with increase in organic carbon content and nutrient availability viz. nitrogen, phosphorous, Sulphur with application of 7.5 kg Zn ha-1 in alternate year resulted in optimum wheat grain and straw yield (45.6, 76.5 q ha-1) in the sixth year of experiment and also for rice-wheat cropping system (982.9 q ha-1). DTPA extractable zinc decreased with increasing depth of soil. The order of DTPA extractable zinc was 0-15 cm (0.99 mg kg-1) > 15-30 cm (0.81 mg kg-1) > 30-45 cm (0.31 mg kg-1) > 45-60 cm (0.21 mg kg-1)> 60-90 cm (0.19 mg kg-1). Most of the applied zinc was distributed in the upper layers of the soil (0-30 cm) than the lower layers (>30 cm).ThesisItem Open Access Effect Of Chelating Agents On Phytoextraction Of Cd And Ni By Zea Mays And Brassica Juncea From Contaminated Soils(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2007) Singh, Santosh Kumar; Anoop SinghThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS (GA3 AND NAA) ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CABBAGE (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) IN HILLY REGIONS OF CHHATTISGARH(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2021) Singh, Santosh Kumar; Verma, Annu; Rathiya, Pratap Singh; Sharma, Pravin Kumar; Singh, Pushpendra; Saxena, R.R.The current investigation entitled “Effect of plant growth regulators (GA3 and NAA) growth and yield of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var.capitata L.) in hilly regions of Chhattisgarh.” was conducted during Rabi season 2020-21 at Potato and Temperate Fruit Research Station Mainpat, Surguja under IGKV Raipur, (C.G.). GA3 and NAA are most essential growth promoters for improving plant growth and productivity in vegetable crops. GA3 is an important growth-stimulating chemical that aids in the growth and development of many plants by promoting cell elongation and cell division. NAA has an effect on physiological processes, hastening maturity and enhancing vegetable quality.Three replications and nine treatments with absolute control were used in the RBD experiment. The treatment comprised three different concentrations GA3 and NAA at 25, 50 and 100ppm and different combination GA3, NAA and GA3 + NAA (25-25, 50-50 and 100-100 ppm) at 30, 45 and 60 DAT. The results revealed that foliar application of GA3 + NAA @ 50-50ppm were found more beneficial for vegetative characters viz., plant height, number of leaves, stalk length, length of leaves, width of leaves, stalk diameter, head diameter and yield attributes viz. head diameter, head weight (kg per plant), head yield (kg per plot) and head yield (tonne per ha). The present study demonstrates that combined effects of foliar application of plant growth regulators treatment T2 (GA3 @ 50 ppm) recorded maximum plant height (18.37 cm) at 30 DAT, while treatment T8 (GA3 + NAA @ 50-50 ppm) was recorded (30.07 and 34.73cm) maximum plant height at 45 and 60 DAT, number of leaves recorded in treatment T8 (GA3 + NAA @ 50-50 ppm) was (12.18, 14.27 and 17.80) maximum at 30, 45 and 60 DAT, stalk length (3.73cm NS, 5.23 cm and 5.83 cm ) was maximum in treatment T8 (GA3 + NAA @ 50-50ppm) at 30, 45 and 60 DAT, length of leaves at 30 DAT in treatment T7 (GA3 + NAA @ 25-25 ppm) was (14.57cm) maximum, while treatment T8 (GA3 + NAA @ 50-50ppm) was recorded (21.27 cm and 27.43cm) maximum, at 45 and 60 DAT, width of leaves at 30 and 45 DAT, in treatment T8 (GA3 + NAA @ 50-50 ppm) was (15.13 cm and 20.96 cm) maximum, while at 60 DAT the treatment T6 (NAA @ 100ppm) was (24.80 cm) maximum, stalk diameter at 30 DAT (1.36cm NS) while 45 DAT and 60 DAT (2.70 cm and 3.39cm) was maximum in treatment T8 (GA3 + NAA @ 50-50 ppm), days of harvesting in treatment T8(GA3 + NAA @ 50-50 ppm) the early harvest was done at 90 DAT while late harvest done at 100 DAT in treatment T0, head diameter at harvest in treatment T8 (GA3 + NAA @ 50-50ppm) was (49.17 cm) maximum, head weight at 95-100 DAT per plant, per plot and per hectare in treatment T8 (GA3 + NAA @ 50-50ppm) were maximum recorded 1.53kg, 19.13kg and 32.15 tonnes respectively. From the economic point of view, foliar spray of GA3 and NAA @ 50-50 ppm was found to be profitable as compared to rest of the treatments.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of sowing dates and varieties on growth and yield of linseed under irrigated condition(JNKVV, 2016) Singh, Santosh Kumar; Jain, NamrataThesisItem Open Access Impact of tillage on soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration rates in rice-wheat cropping system(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-10) Singh, Santosh Kumar; Singh, RoomA field experiment was conducted at Crop Research Centre (CRC) of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar (Uttarakhand) to evaluate the effect of tillage on soil properties, soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration rates along with crop performance in rice-wheat rotation. The experiment was laid in split plot design with four rice tillage treatment viz. P1 (direct dry seeding), P2 (seeding by drum seeder), P3 (hand transplanting) and P4 (Machine transplanting) serving as main plots, while the subplots consisted of four wheat tillage treatments viz. T1 (conventional sowing), T2 (bed planting), T3 (strip till drilling) and T4 (zero till drilling). The results have been obtained after 3 years of experiment. The results clearly indicated significant changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), soil nitrogen and saturated hydraulic conductivity due to tillage treatments at 0-10 cm depth, beyond which no significant changes were observed. P1 and T4 treatments had significantly higher values of SOC and soil nitrogen. Highest differential SOC and nitrogen sequestration rates among rice tillage treatments were obtained for P1 (0.717 t/ha/year and 0.083 t/ha/year respectively). While the same in wheat tillage treatment was obtained for T4 which was 1.147 t/ha/year and 0.103 t/ha/year respectively. Significantly higher values of mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter and water stable aggregates were obtained for P1 and T4. Greater storage of SOC was observed in largest aggregate size fraction, indicating the importance of maintenance of large size aggregate fractions in soils. Grain yield (highest for P1 and T4) for rice and wheat were significantly affected due to their respective tillage treatments. Hence in rice-wheat cropping system zero and reduced tillage can help to mitigate the ill effects of increasing CO2 by enhancing SOC storage, maintaining soil structure and enhancing yields.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of soil properties and phosphate on lead sorption by lakaline calcareous Soils(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2002) Singh, Santosh Kumar; Chand, TekThesisItem Open Access Integrated Management Of Anthracnose Of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp.)(CSA University of Agriculture and Technology;Kanpur, 2006) Singh, Santosh Kumar; Singh, P.N.ThesisItem Open Access SOIL ORGANIC CARBON DYNAMICS UNDER LONG TERM RICE-BASED CROPPING SYSTEM IN CALCIORTHENTS OF BIHAR(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) KUMAR, VIKASH; Singh, Santosh KumarThe research was carried out as part of an ongoing field experiment under the AICRP on Micro Secondary and Pollutant Elements in Soil and Plants, which began in Kharif 1985 in light-textured calcareous soil. The experiment was in randomized block design with four fertility levels 0, 50%, 100%, and 150% of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) for each crop), and six replications with two cropping systems viz. Rice-Mustard-Moong (R-M-M) and Rice-Wheat-Sorghum (RW- S). The RDF for wheat and rice were 120:60:40; for moong-20:50:30; for Sorghum-60:50:30; and for mustard-60:40:30. After ten cropping cycles, because of substantial micronutrient deficiencies, particularly zinc, in plots receiving 150% of the RDF, out of six replications, 4 replication were superimposed with (10 kg/ha Zinc, 10 kg/ha Zinc + 5 t/ha FYM, 10 t/ha FYM and 10 kg/ha Zinc + 10 t/ha FYM). The superimposed treatments were applied in alternate years. No replication was left for statistical analysis in RBD due to superimposition in four replications. To compare the superimposed treatments, a paired t-test was used. After the 109th rice crop was harvested in 2021, during the 37th crop cycle, the current research was conducted. From the current study, Among superimposed treatment the conjoint application of 10 kg Zn along with 10 t FYM/ha proved the best treatment with respect to soil organic carbon dynamics in both the cropping system. The combined application of 10 kg Zn along with 10 t FYM/ha, it was observed that there were significant changes in soil organic carbon, fractions of soil organic carbon, total organic carbon, soil organic carbon stock, lability index and soil microbial biomass carbon while in subsurface soil no significant effect of different superimposed treatments on soil organic carbon dynamics. The values of different fractions of soil organic carbon such as very labile carbon, labile carbon, non labile carbon and less labile carbon content in treatment receiving with 10kg Zn/ha with 10t FYM superimposed treatment over control was found to be 0.41%, 0.19%, 0.12% and 0.67% in R-W-S crop rotation while in R-MM rotation it was found to be 0.44%, 0.23%, 0.08%, 0.58%. Among different fractions of soil organic carbon, the content of very labile and labile carbon fractions were found more in R-M-M rotation than in R-W-S rotation for each superimposed treatment. However, less labile and non-labile organic carbon fractions were higher in R-W-S rotation. A similar trend was also observed for total organic carbon, soil organic carbon stock and soil microbial biomass carbon. Soil organic carbon, total organic carbon, and microbial biomass carbon the percent increased in superimposed treatment over control was found to be 26.3%, 39% and 32.9% in R-W-S crop rotation while in R-M-M was found to be 30.7%, 38.4%, and 24.5%. Rice grain yield was positively and highly significantly correlated with the soil's very labile carbon, labile carbon, and organic carbon in R-W-S cropping system and in R-M-M cropping system rice yield was was positively and highly significant with very labile carbon, labile carbon, organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon. It was also positively and significantly correlated with less labile, total organic carbon content in both the cropping system. However, the non-labile carbon fraction didn‘t significantly improve rice grain yield in both the cropping system.ThesisItem Open Access Soil properties and productivity of rice crop in 35th year of cropping and fertilization under rice-wheat- Sorghum crop(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Rajshree; Singh, Santosh KumarA study was accomplished in an ongoing field experiment under AICRP on Micro Secondary and Pollutant Elements in Soil and Plants, initiated in Kharif 1985 in lighttextured highly calcareous soil. The experiment was designed in Randomised Block Design (RBD) with four fertility levels (0 RDF, 50% RDF, 100% RDF and 150% RDF), two cropping system (Rice-Wheat-Sorghum and Rice-Mustard-Moong) and six replications. The RDF for rice and wheat were 120:60:40; for mustard: 60:40:30; for moong:20:50:30; and for Sorghum:60:50:30. After 10 cropping cycles owing to severe deficiency of micronutrients particularly zinc, on four replications out of six superimpositions (10 kg/ha Zn, 10 kg/ha Zn + 5 t/ha FYM, 10 t/ha FYM and 10 kg/ha Zn + 10 t/ha FYM) were made. The superimposed treatments were applied in alternate years in kharif. The present investigation was carried out in rice-wheat-sorghum rotation in the 35th cropping cycle. The data were analysed using paired t-test do make out a meaningful comparison among superimposed treatments. The analysis revealed that the superimposed treatment (10 kg/ha Zn + 10 t/ha FYM) outperformed all other treatments. A significant improvement in available N, P2O5, K2O and S content over control to the tune of 30.0%, 15.6%, 27.9% and 22.9% respectively was found in surface soil. The organic carbon content also improved significantly. The increase in available Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn content was 93.4%, 13.6%, 14.5% and 0.30% respectively. Soil physical properties viz. penetration resistance and bulk density decreased while volumetric water content, in-situ hydraulic conductivity and mean weight diameter increased. While comparing the application of 10 kg/ha Zn and 10 t/ha FYM, it is evident that the use of 10 kg/ha Zn significantly improved available S and Zn content in the soil. In contrast, the use of 10 t/ha FYM proved significantly superior in improving soil chemical properties viz. (Organic carbon content, Available N, K) and creating favourable physical conditions viz. (Penetration resistance, Bulk density and in-situ hydraulic conductivity). Application of 10 kg/ha Zn along with 5 t/ha FYM or 10 t/ha FYM in alternate years was found significantly superior over individual use of either 10 t/ha FYM or 10 kg/ha Zn with regards to grain yield, straw yield and nutrient uptake.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on foliar blight complex of wheat and its management(Indian Agricultural Research Institute;New Delhi, 2003) Singh, Santosh Kumar; Srivastava, K.D.