Browsing by Author "Singh, Ranbir"
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ThesisItem Open Access Biology and assessment of losses caused by sesame leaf webber and pod borer, Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel) to sesame (Sesamum grientale Linn.)(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1982) Singh, Ranbir; Kataria, H RThesisItem Open Access DETECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF TOMATO LEAF CURL VIRUS IN JAMMU REGION(Division of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2016) Choskit, Dechan; Singh, RanbirTomato leaf curl disease caused by tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) is a major limiting factor in tomato cultivation in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir. Extensive survey was conducted in Jammu and Udhampur districts to ascertain the incidence of the disease and it was observed that in Jammu district the maximum disease incidence of 24.00 per cent was recorded from Akhnoor followed by Marh (22.25 %), Bishnah (20.50 %) and R. S. Pura (19.75 %) with the mean of 21.62 per cent. In Udhampur, the maximum percentage of tomato leaf curl incidence was recorded from Udhampur (23.75%), while minimum 18.75 per cent was recorded from Ramnagar with the mean percentage of disease incidence of 21.56 per cent. The identification of tomato leaf curl virus from all the locations surveyed was done through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the alignment analysis of the amplified- PCR fragments through (BLAST) showed that the virus shared 99.00 per cent nucleotide sequence identity with tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus. Screening of different germplasm collected from different sources against the disease showed that out of fifteen germplasm, Mahaveer and Avinash-2 were found resistant, Samrudhi F1 and Namdhari 82535 were found moderately resistant while eleven germplasm viz. Heem Sohna, Sonali, Rupali, NS 816, NS 812, Pusa Ruby, Indus 1030, Arti, DVRT-2, Hybrid no. 15 and local showed susceptible reaction. Different insecticide (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dimethoate, acetamiprid, profenofos and oxy-demeton methyl) were evaluated against tomato leaf curl disease under field condition and it was found that at 70 DAT seed treatment + seedling dip + foliar application of Imidacloprid showed lowest disease intensity followed by foliar application of imidacloprid, seed treatment with imidacloprid, foliar application of thiamethoxam, foliar application of dimethoate, foliar application of acetameprid, foliar application of methyl-o-demeton and foliar application of profenofos treatments, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Epidemiology and Management of Alternaria Blight of Radish(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2021-11) Loona, Diksha; Singh, RanbirRadish (Raphanus sativus) is one of the most important root crops of the family Brassicaceae. One of the most destructive diseases that causes widespread losses in radish is Alternaria blight. A set of investigations were conducted during Rabi season of 2020-21 regarding the epidemiology and management of Alternaria blight of radish. An extensive survey of radish fields was conducted and the data revealed that disease was prevalent at all the locations surveyed and varied from 22.66 and 28.08 per cent respectively. Weather parameters revealed that temperature, both maximum and minimum, exhibited a highly significant and positive correlation with disease intensity, while relative humidity (maximum and minimum) showed a significant and negative impact, whereas rainfall had no significant effect on disease development. Under field conditions, eighteen radish germplasm/genotypes were screened against Alternariablight disease and it was observed that no germplasm/genotype was found immune However, Kitchen Garden and AZ-88 were found resistant.White Star, Mahy 22, Mino early, White Mosaic, Gennext F1Hybrid, Durga, CR-45 and Mino Early Long White were moderately resistant. Supriya, Sangeeta, Korean Cross, Radish White Marble, Mino Early and Winter- 45 were susceptible while, Chinese Pink and Long White showed a highly susceptible reaction against the disease. The bioassay of eight fungicides was done in vitro conditions by using poisoned food technique with concentrations of 100, 250, 500 and 750 ppm against Alternaria brassicicola and all fungicides significantly inhibited growth of the pathogen even at the lowest concentrations. Tebuconazole wasmost effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth at all concentrations (100, 250, 500 and 750 ppm), while Azoxystrobin was found least effective. Under field conditions, Tebuconazole was found most effective while Copper oxychloride was found least effective in controlling Alternaria blight.ThesisItem Open Access Epidemiology and Management of Bitter Gourd ( Momordica charantia L. ) Mosaic(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Jammu, J&K, 2021-02) Devi, Mamta; Singh, RanbirBitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is one of the most important and traditional summer season vegetable crop cultivated in India. Diseases caused by viruses are a major problem in bitter gourd causing considerable yield loss. In the present investigation, survey was conducted in the different bitter gourd growing areas of Jammu district particularly R.S. Pura, Akhnoor, Bishnah, Chatha and Marh to determine the incidence of bitter gourd mosaic disease. It was observed that the disease was prevalent in all the locations and per cent disease incidence varied from 17.22 to 35.55 per cent with overall mean of 26.44 per cent. Weather parameters played an important role in disease development and there was a positive and significant correlation between temperature (maximum and minimum) and disease intensity whereas, maximum and minimum relative humidity had negative correlation and rainfall had no significant relationship with disease development. Maximum percentage of disease intensity was recorded at 20th meteorological standard week (MSW), when the corresponding maximum and minimum temperature, and relative humidity were 34.90oC and 19.20oC, 62.00 and 31.00 per cent respectively. Eighteen bitter gourd germplasm line were screened under field conditions against the bitter gourd mosaic disease and it was found that Kathi Selection was highly resistant and Pusa Hybrid 1 and Abhishek were resistant. Palee, F1 Hybrid-spl., Prachi F1, Liberty, Punjab 4 and Pusa Domausmi were moderately resistant. However, Jaunpuri Long, Preethi, Jhalari Long and Jhalari Shilpa were susceptible and Vikrant, Monika, Co, Araya and Aman were moderately susceptible. Different chemical as well as non-chemicals were evaluated against the disease under field conditions. It was observed that application of spiromesifen recorded the lowest disease intensity and foliar and seed application of imidacloprid was also effective against the disease and its vector under field conditions.ThesisItem Open Access EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF MOSAIC OF CUCUMBER(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2021-11) Choskit, Dechan; Singh, RanbirCucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops of the family Cucurbitaceae, grown extensively in tropical and sub-tropical parts of the country. Cucumber production is greatly hampered by Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV). CMV is transmitted by mechanical inoculation and by aphid vectors in non-persistent manner. A survey was conducted in Jammu division to assess the status of the disease and the result revealed that disease incidence was maximum (34.66 %) in Bishnah of Jammu district and minimum (21.33 %) in Hirangar of Kathua district during 2019 while during 2020, maximum disease incidence of 36.00 per cent was recorded from Akhnoor of Jammu district and minimum 20.00 per cent was recorded from Hirangar of Kathua district. CMV was detected serologically through DAS-ELISA in the samples collected from all the locations surveyed during both the years. Biochemical analysis of different germplasm of cucumber revealed that total sugar and chlorophyll content were higher in resistant germplasm as compared to the susceptible ones whereas total soluble protein and total phenol content were higher in susceptible germplasm as compared to resistant ones. Host range study revealed that except Solanum melongena (brinjal), all other hosts (chilli, bottlegourd, tomato, bitter gourd, watermelon and muskmelon) were susceptible to cucumber mosaic virus. Epidemiological studies revealed that maximum and minimum temperature showed significant and positive correlation whereas relative humidity (maximum and minimum) showed negative correlation with disease intensity during both the years. However average rainfall showed non-significant negative correlation with the disease development. Temperature (maximum and minimum) also showed positive correlation with aphid population while relative humidity (maximum and minimum) and rainfall showed negative correlation during both the years. During the screening of different cucumber germplasm against cucumber mosaic disease, it was found that out of forty germplasm, two germplasm viz., Dasher II and Poinsett were resistant whereas eleven germplasm (CS-67, CS-70, CS-34, Cucumber green long, Vardan, Garima super, Malini, Nandini-732, Cucumber summer green, RK-40 and Local) were found susceptible during both the years. All the infected samples collected from screened germplasm showed positive reaction with the CMV specific antibody thus confirming the presence of virus except for Dasher II and Poinsett which showed negative response. Evaluation of different insecticides viz. imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dimethoate, methyl-o-demeton and malathion, either singly or in combination revealed that seed treatment with imidacloprid + foliar application of imidacloprid at 15 days interval was found most effective treatment in controlling the aphid population (vector) and minimizing the disease intensity during both the years.ThesisItem Open Access Identification and Characterization of Viruses causing Mosaic of Bottle gourd in Jammu sub-tropics(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2022-08) Choudhary, Sneha; Singh, RanbirBottle gourd (Lagenariasiceraria) holds an important place in the Cucurbitaceae family and is cultivated in all tropical and sub- tropical areas of world. This multipurpose crop faces many stresses (biotic and abiotic) wherein, viruses are a major group of pathogens causing mosaic disease. Bottle gourd mosaic disease is not only responsible for yield losses but also for inciting epidemics. Extensive survey of Jammu division to assess the status of bottle gourd mosaic disease was conducted during 2020 and 2021 and it was found that the average maximum disease incidence (53.33 %) was recorded from Salaher (R.S. Pura) while the lowest incidence (7.00 %) was recorded from Ratwal (Bishnah) of Jammu district. However, Jammu district recorded higher incidence of mosaic than other districts (Kathua, Samba and Udhampur). About 274 samples were collected from different locations and 55 symptomatic isolates were detectedfor causal virus/ viruses. Molecular identification of the causal viruses through RT-PCR revealed the presence of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)and Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-W) by using coat protein specific primers. CGMMV CP primers amplified a 604 bp product while PRSV-W CP primer produced 398 bp amplicon which was further custom sequenced. CGMMV isolate shared maximum sequence identity (99.80 %) at nucleotide level with CGMMV isolate CG003 (MH271409)reported from USA while, PRSV-W isolate shared the highest per cent identity (96.23 %) with PRSV isolate SHK- PM1 from India(KY448325). The host range of the virus was restricted to Cucurbitaceae and Chenopodiaceae families only. During transmission assays, CGMMV isolate was not transmitted by insect-vector while, PRSV-W was transferred successfully by aphids (Aphis gossypii and A. craccivora) from infected to healthy plants.However,A. gossypii was found an efficient vector for the transmission of the virus. Seventy eight different germplasm were screened against bottle gourd mosaic disease under both field and controlled conditions and it was found that‘MGH-4’ was moderately resistant under field conditions but resistant under controlled conditions. However, four germplasm (IC- 40890, IC- 337077, IC-550725 and PusaKomal) were found moderately resistant against the disease under both the conditions.ThesisItem Open Access IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF CHILLI MOSAIC VIRUS(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2017) Bhagat, Sonali; Singh, RanbirThe investigation regarding the identification and management of chilli mosaic virus was conducted in the year 2016-2017. Extensive survey were conducted in the various chilli growing areas of Jammu and Udhampur districts of Jammu and Kashmir. It was observed that in Jammu district maximum incidence of chilli mosaic was recorded in Arnia (31.42%) followed by Dasgal (29.71%), Bayaspur (24.00%), Ambran (21.14%) and Kalyana (17.14%) while in Udhampur district, maximum disease incidence was recorded in Chenani (32.57%) followed by Basht (30.28%), Kandwal (27.42%), Sudhmahadev (25.71%) and Gaurikund (19.42%). To confirm the presence of different viruses causing the disease, infected samples collected during survey were tested by serological means (DAS-ELISA). The results showed that cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was found in Arnia, Bayaspur, Kalyana, Dasgal, Basht, Chenani, Gaurikund and Sudhmahadev, potato virus Y (PVY) was found in Bayaspur, Kalyana, Ambran, Basht, Chenani, Kandwal, Gaurikund and pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV) was found in Arnia, Dasgal, Basht, Chenani, Kandwal, Gaurikund and Sudhmahadev. Screening of fifteen germplasm collected from different sources against the disease showed that out of fifteen germplasm Pusa Sadabhar, Punjab Gucchedar and Punjab Lal were found resistant, CH-1, Arka Meghna and Anmol BSS-273 were found moderately resistant, Surajmukhi, G-4, Nishant, Crystal 906, K-Long 1 and Chandani were found moderately susceptible while Pusa Jwala, NP-46-A and local were found susceptible. Serological identification of chilli mosaic viruses in different germplam showed that Pusa Sadabhar, Punjab Gucchedar and Punjab Lal were not infected by any virus which proved the resistant nature of these germplasm while in other chilli germplasm there was presence of one or more virus. Different insecticides viz. imidacloprid, malathion, demeton-o-methyl, dimethoate, acetamiprid and a bio-insecticide (neem oil) were evaluated under field conditions and it was found that foliar application of imidacloprid showed lowest disease intensity of 9.01 per cent and was found most effective in controlling the spread of the disease under field conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Management of aphids infesting Brassica napus L.(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2010) Singh, Ranbir; Kumar, SurjeetThesisItem Open Access Management of insects pests of cabbage (Brassica olerecea var. Linn.) and persistence of chlorpyriphos(DRPCAU, Pusa, 1999) Singh, Ranbir; Singh, I.P.ThesisItem Open Access Manpower utilization and development in dairy industry- A pilot study in Punjab state(NDRI, Karnal, 1979) Singh, Ranbir; Patel, R. K.ThesisItem Open Access Manpower utilization and development in dariy industry- A pilot study in punjab state(NDRI, Karnal, 1979) Singh, Ranbir; Patel, R. K.ThesisItem Open Access Population dynamics of some insect pests on groundnut crop and biology of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1991) Kharub, Ranbir Singh; Singh, RanbirThesisItem Open Access Potassium nutrition of maize as affected by Magnesium, Calcium and potassium(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1981) Sangwan, Virender Singh; Singh, RanbirThesisItem Open Access Radiographic and Ultrasonographic Study of Limbs with reference to Diagnosis of Lameness in Buffaloes(U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, (DUVASU), Mathura – 281001, 2018-05-05) Singh, Ranbir; Pandey, R.P.In the present study, mean length of metacarpal of animals was 18.98±0.21 cm, and in metatarsal 23.77±0.14 cm. Amongst the medial and lateral phalanges of fore and hind limbs, it was observed that the length of the first lateral phalanx of hind limb was higher than the length of lateral phalanx of the fore limb, the values of the length of second lateral phalanx of fore limb was significantly higher than the second lateral phalanx of the hind limb. Mean±SE values of radiographic total bone diameter (D) (mm) of bones of distal fore and hind limb of adult buffalo ranged from 21.99±0.58 to 37.92±1.12 mm. Diameter of metacarpal was not significantly different from diameter of metatarsal. Statistical analysis between the different bones of fore limbs and hind limbs showed that the values of radiographic bone diameter of first medial phalanx and first lateral phalanx of fore limb was significantly higher than that of the first medial phalanx and first lateral phalanx of hind limbs. The diameter of third medial phalanx and third lateral phalanx of fore limbs was significantly higher than that of the third medial phalanx and third lateral phalanx of hind limb. It could be due the fact that fore limbs bear more body weight in comparison to hind limbs. Between the medial phalanges and lateral phalanges, the total bone diameter of the second medial phalanx of both fore and hind limb were significantly higher than that of the second lateral phalanx of the same limb. In third phalanx the third medial phalanx of fore limb as well as hind limb was significantly lesser than that of the third lateral phalanx bone of fore and hind limbs, respectively. Mean±SE values of radiographic width of cortex and medulla of distal bones of adult buffaloes ranged from 8.74±0.32to 15.16±0.32mm and 13.01±0.16 to 22.93±1.09 mm respectively. Cortex to medulla ratio of different bones studied ranged from 0.52 to 0.78. Comparison between cortex to medulla ratio of both limbs depicted that the values of first medial phalanx and first lateral phalanx of fore limbs were significantly lesser than that of hind limb. Additionally, comparison between the medial and lateral side of bones revealed significantly lesser values of first lateral phalanx than of first medial phalanx of hind limbs. Similarly, the values of second lateral phalanx was significantly lesser than the mean CM ratio of second medial phalanx, when compared in fore limbs. Cortex to diameter ratio of different distal bones of fore and hind limbs in the range of 0.31 to 0.43. The cortex to diameter ratio of first medial phalanx of hind limb was significantly higher than cortex to diameter ratio of first lateral phalanx. Similarly, the cortex to diameter ratio of second medial phalanx of hind limb was significantly higher than cortex to diameter ratio of second lateral phalanx. Comparison amongst different bones of fore and hind limbs the cortex to diameter ratio of first medial phalanx and first lateral phalanx of hind limb were significantly higher than cortex to diameter ratio of first medial phalanx and first lateral phalanx of fore limb respectively. Mean values of joint space measurements may act as reference values as there is paucity of reference values of joint space in animals.Radiographic evaluation of each limb was performed aiming at the identification of possible lesions that affected the digital extensors and flexor structures, consequently causing lameness. The ultrasound examination of the musculotendinous and ligamentous structures of buffalo distal limbs was performed. Theexamination on carcass limbs, was difficult to be performed due to certain technical artifacts absence of lividity, vascularity and muscle tone. Soft tissue relaxation also contributed to this observed difficulty. This all put together, made echolocation and identification of various structures difficult when done on carcass limb. It was observed that the absence of blood flow led to the presence of other technical artifacts, where the formation of anechoic circular areas could be interpreted as fluid accumulation in the tissues or the presence of a blood vessel at the site examined. This occurrence was observed mainly in the ultrasound evaluations of the interosseous muscle and the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon. It is not possible to attribute to the observed image pattern the existence of musculo-tendinous lesions. As an abstract observation it can be said that in live animals, identification and examination of echotexture of various musculo tendinous structures is easy. The structures visualized on ultrasound examination of the distal portion of the bubaline limbs included the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons, the interosseous muscle, the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon. Ultrasonographic assessment of bovine limbs was done by dividing the distal limbs into five transverse and two sagittal zones, the proximal third, the middle third, the distal third of the metacarpals or metatarsals, the area proximal to the dew claws, and that between the dew claws and the heel transversely and dorsal and palmer/planter surface in sagittal plane. Since buffalo is not an athletic animal and there is little possibility of frequent strain or sprain to occur. Lack of awareness amongst farmers about the indirect enormous economic impact of lameness in buffaloes in the form of reduced fertility and reduced production also needs to be addressed.ThesisItem Open Access Some Biochemical and Electron Microscopic Studies in Post Parturient Haemoglobinuria of Buffaloes(College of Veterinary Sciences Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1989) Singh, Ranbir; Bahardwaj, M. RThesisItem Open Access Status and Management of LeafBlight of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2023-11-09) Bhat, Nasir Ali; Singh, RanbirCabbage (Brassica oleraceavar. capitata) is an economically important vegetable crop of the family Brassicaceae. One of the most destructive disease that causes widespread losses in cabbage is leaf blight. A set of investigations were conducted during rabiseason of 2022-2023 regarding the epidemiology and management of leaf blight of cabbage. An extensive survey of cabbage fields was conducted in different locations of district Jammu, Samba and Udhampur and the data revealed that disease was prevalent in all the locations surveyed and varied from 11.30 to 34.10 per cent. Epidemiological studies revealed that temperature, both maximum and minimum exhibited a highly significant and positive correlation with the development of the disease while, relative humidity, (maximum and minimum) showed a significant and negative impact, however rainfall had no significant effect on disease development. Under field conditions, thirteen cabbage germplasm/genotypes were screened against leaf blight and it was observed that no germplasm/genotype was found immune. However, Green voyager, Cabbage No-139, AnkurManas, Cabbage No-118, Sumit and H-139 were found resistant, while Cabbage NS-25, Cabbage No-5624,Green Challenger and Veer-333 were found moderately resistant. However, Kranti and Golden acre were found susceptible. Evaluationofdifferentfungicides and plant extracts against the diseaserevealedthattebuconazolewasmosteffectivefollowedbyPropiconazole,Propineb,Metalaxyl+Mancozeb, Hexaconazole, Azoxystrobin, Copperoxychloride, Garlic, Ginger extract andTurmeric extract.ThesisItem Open Access STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF YELLOW MOSAIC OF MUNGBEAN (Vigna radiata L.) IN JAMMU DIVISION(Division of Plant Pathology Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2015) Kour, Manpreet; Singh, RanbirSTATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF YELLOW MOSAIC OF MUNGBEAN (Vigna radiata L.) IN JAMMU DIVISIONThesisItem Open Access Status of Alternaria leaf spot of spinach beet (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis) in Jammu sub-tropics and its management through organic management(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2022-11) Sheikh, Irrha; Singh, RanbirSpinach beet (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis) is an economically important vegetable crop cultivated by small-scale farmers in India for both domestic and commercial purposes. Alternaria leaf spot is one of the most destructive diseases of spinach beet which causes low yields and poor-quality crop in India. The current study aimed to ascertain the status of Alternaria leaf spot of spinach beet in different sub-tropical areas of Jammu, study the effect of weather parameters on disease development and management of the disease through organic approaches. Extensive surveys of spinach beet fields were conducted during the Rabi season 2021-22 and it was observed that the disease was prevalent in all the locations surveyed, and disease severity ranged between 10.65 to 33.26 per cent.Weather parameters revealed that maximum and minimum temperature showed a significant and positive correlation with disease intensity, while relative humidity (maximum and minimum) showed a significant and negative impact, whereas rainfall had no significant effect on disease development. Under field conditions, sixteen spinach beet germplasm/genotypes were screened against the disease and it was found that out of 16 germplasm, All Green was highly susceptible, while JobnerGaint, Arka Anupama, Ooty-1 and Banerjee Gaintwere susceptible.Whereas, Pusa Palak, IIHR-10, IIHR-8, Pusa Jyoti, Pant-Composite-1, Pusa Bharati and Spinach Perpetual were moderately resistant, whilePusaHarit, Local variety, Jammu Spinach beet 07 and HS-23 were resistant and no germplasm/genotype was immune. Different bio control agents and botanicals were evaluated under field condition and it was observed thatTrichoderma asperellum was most effective for managing Alternaria leaf spot of spinach beet.