Browsing by Author "Singh, Balraj"
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ThesisItem Open Access Development of and recovery from water stress in Maize (Zea Mays L.), Sorghum )(Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum) Fodder Crops(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1993) Singh, Balraj; Malik, D. S.ThesisItem Open Access Development of and recovery from water stress in Maize (Zea Mays L.), Sorghum )(Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum) Fodder Crops(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1981) Singh, Balraj; Singh, S. P.ThesisItem Open Access EFFICACY OF CERTAIN IMMUNOMODULATORS IN THE TREATMENT OF ENDOMETRITIS IN CATTLE(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2007) Sarma, Dipak Kumar; Singh, Balrajin curing endometritis and can be used as alternative therapies for endometritis treatment. 3. Autologus plasma seems to be beneficial in field condition with regard to the cost and availability are concerned. Hence, this study suggests the use of such immunomodulators particularly E. coli LPS and oyster glycogen for treatment of endometritris on large scale to overcome the disadvantages with antibiotic treatment. In future, studies can be under taken on the following aspects : i. Nature and intensity of immunomodulation on repeatation of E. coli LPS and oyster glycogen at certain interval and its impact on recovery and fertility. ii. The intrauterine immunomodulatros in post parturient cows may prevent endometritis and /or metritis by augmenting uterine defense mechanism which is suppressed under the stress condition. iii. In this present study insemination was done at post treatment subsequent estrus. Thus calving to conception period lengthened by one estrous cycle. To avoid the lengthening, insemination in the same estrus following treatment can be tried.ThesisItem Open Access Efficacy Of Certain Immunomodulators In The Treatment Of Endometritis In Cattle(Birsa Agricultural University;Ranchi, 2007) Sarma, Dipak Kumar; Singh, BalrajThesisItem Open Access ESTRUS INDUCTION AND STEROID PROFILE IN ANESTRUS CATTLE TREATED WITH PMSG AND CLOMIPHENE CITRATE(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2006) Tiwary, Krishna Kant; Singh, BalrajIt was concluded from the results obtained in this study that there was no significant difference between PMSG and Clomiphene Citrate therapies, with regard to induction of estrus and fertile estrus, interval between treatment and onset of estrus, number of A.I per conception, conception rate, steroid profiles on the day of estrus. However, higher economic gain was achieved with Clomiphene Citrate therapies. Hence, it would be better to use Clomiphene Citrate therapy to combat anestrus problems in cows.ThesisItem Open Access PARTURITION BEHAVIOUR AND BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES FOLLOWING MINERAL SUPPLEMENTATION IN BLACK BENGAL GOATS(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2009) Singh, Dilip Kumar; Singh, BalrajPresent study was carried out on 20 Black Bengal goats allocated to two groups, treatment group and control group. Each group consisted of 10 goats. All the goats were maintained at Instructional Farm-Small Ruminants, Ranchi Veterinary Collage, Ranchi. The goats were maintained under identical managemental and feeding conditions. In treatment group, Minerex bolus at the dose rate of half bolus per doe was administered daily to the goats from 15 days prior to the parturition. Levels of glucose, cholesterol, protein, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, iron, copper and zinc were estimated in blood serum samples collected on 15th and 7th day before expected date of parturition and at parturition. 1. Most common symptoms of approaching parturition observed in 100 percent of does of both the treatment and control groups were abdominal distension, oedema and redness of vulva and tail raising. 2. Average duration of first, second and third stages and total duration of parturition in does of treatment group irrespective of type of birth was found to be 104.10±5.388, 16.60±1.796, 124.20±6.560 and 244.90±9.994 minutes respectively whereas in control group, these values were found to be 101.30±5.215, 17.70±1.892, 134.10±7.503 and 253.10±11.412 minutes respectively. Average duration of different stages of parturition in does did not differ significantly between both the groups. 3. Non-significant difference in the duration of different stages of parturition in does delivered single and twin kids was recorded in treatment group while significant difference was recorded in first stage, second stage and total duration in control group. 4. Time interval of sequence of the different events of parturition did not differ significantly between treatment and control groups. 5. Overall weight of placenta irrespective of type of birth in both the treatment and control groups was found to be 230.40±15.657 g and 227.20±15.740 g respectively. Total number of cotyledons in placenta irrespective of type of birth in both the treatment and control groups was found to be 90.80±4.690 and 93.30±5.016 respectively. t-values indicated non-significant difference with regard to weight of placenta and total number cotyledons between both the groups. However, difference in the weight of placenta as per type of birth was significant (P<0.05) between both the groups. Likewise, difference in total number of cotyledons as per type of birth was highly significant (P<0.01) between both the groups. 6. There was non-significant difference in average body weight of does at weekly interval in both the treatment and control groups. 7. Average body weight (kg) of kids at different intervals after birth did not differ significantly between treatment and control groups but highly significant (P<0.01) difference was found in average body weights of single and twin kids at different intervals in both the treatment and control groups. 8. Non-significant difference with respect to daily gain in body weight of kids irrespective of type of birth between treatment and control groups was recorded. Overall daily gain in body weight of kids was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in single birth than twin birth in both the groups. 9. Average blood glucose level in treatment group at parturition was slightly higher than the levels obtained at 15th day and 7th day before expected date of parturition. In control group, glucose level at parturition was significantly higher than the level obtained at 7th day before expected date of parturition. Non-significant difference in blood glucose level was found between treatment and control groups at all the periods. 10. Serum cholesterol levels at parturition in both the groups were found to be higher as compared to the other two periods before parturition. Significant (P<0.05) effect of periods on serum cholesterol level was observed in both the groups. t-values indicated non-significant difference between treatment and control groups. 11. Total serum protein levels at different periods between the two groups did not differ significantly. 12. Serum calcium level at parturition in treatment group was significantly higher than the level found at 15th day before parturition. However, difference between the two groups at different periods was non-significant. 13. Average serum inorganic phosphorus level at parturition in treatment group was significantly higher than 15th day before expected date of parturition while the level at parturition in control group was significantly lower than the findings obtained at both the periods before parturition. 14. Average serum magnesium level was found to be the highest at parturition in both the groups, though the effect of periods on magnesium level was found to be non-significant. Non-significant differences in serum magnesium level were observed between both the groups at all the periods. 15. Average serum iron level was found to be the lowest at parturition in both the groups but the difference during the periods was only significant in control group. Statistically the difference between treatment group and control group at all the periods was non-significant. 16. With respect to serum copper level, the difference between treatment group and control group at all the periods was non-significant. 17. Average serum zinc levels at parturition and 7th day before expected date of parturition were higher in treatment group than those of control group and the differences were highly significant (P<0.01). In this study, effects of mineral supplementation in the diet on duration of parturition were found to be non-significant. This might be due to better feeding and managemental conditions in the farm or due to shorter duration of mineral supplementation or less number of experimental animals. However, more studies are required on all these aspects.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Heteroplasmic preservation of buck semen(Birsa Agricultural University, 1982) Malik, Mohanned Akram; Singh, Balraj(1) Addition of 25% bull seminal plasma in Black Bengal semen increased the seminal quality (Progressive motility and live sperm percentage) by 15.4 per cent. In Barbari the corresponding value was 11.95 per cent. (2) Addition of 50% bull seminal plasma increased the superiority of Black Bengal semen by 23.4 per cent. In Barbari the corresponding value was 19.59 percent. (3) Per cent superiority was more in progressive motility than in live sperm percentage. (4) Increase in the superiority of semen was more marked in the case of Black Bengal breed than Barbari.ThesisItem Open Access Studies On Some Aspects Of Reproduction In Sheep(Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar, 1974) Singh, Balraj; Bhattacharya, A.RThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE LAMBING BEHAVIOUR IN CHHOTANAGPURI SHEEP(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2009) Salhaita, Jaybir Prasad; Singh, BalrajThe study was conducted on 10 healthy pregnant Chhotanagpuri ewes belonging to Small Ruminant Farm, Ranchi Veterinary College, Ranchi. Symptoms of approaching parturition, symptoms during parturition, duration of different stages of parturition were studied. Studies were also carried out on body weight of ewes and birth weight of lambs. Levels of glucose, cholesterol, protein, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium were estimated in blood serum samples collected on 15th and 7th day before expected date of parturition and on the day of parturition. Haematological parameters were studied in blood samples collected on 15th day and 7th day before expected date of parturition and on the day of parturition. 1. The most common symptoms of approaching parturition observed in all the ewes (100 %) were enlargement of udder, vulvar oedema, abdominal distension and congestion of vulvar mucosa. 2. The overall average duration of first, second and third stages of parturition and total duration of parturition were found to be 117.10 ± 3.11, 56.30 ± 4.15, 202.20 ± 12.34 and 375.60 ± 13.65 minutes respectively in ewes irrespective of sex of lambs born. 3. Significant (P < 0.05) difference was recorded in the duration of second stage of parturition between ewes delivered male lambs and ewes delivered female lambs. 4. Seventy per cent lambings occurred in between 2 to 6 A.M. Sex ratio was found to be 40 per cent. 5. The overall weight of placenta was found to be 184.30 ± 14.41 g. Placental weight in ewes delivered male lambs was more than those of the ewes delivered female lambs and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). 6. Total number of cotyledons in placenta averaged 68.40 ± 2.56 and number of cotyledons did not differ in ewes according to the sex of lambs born. 7. The overall average body weight of pregnant ewes from 4th, 3rd, 2nd and 1st weeks before expected date of parturition was 21.45 ± 0.76, 21.65 ± 0.76, 21.84 ± 0.76 and 22.14 ± 0.77 kg, respectively and on the day of parturition it was 22. 51 ± 0.77 kg. Body weight of ewes carrying male lambs was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the body weight of ewes carrying female lambs. 8. Birth weight of male lambs was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than female lambs. 9. Non-significant differences in daily body weight gain was recorded between male and female lambs. 10. Overall average blood glucose level was noted as 53.80 ± 2.66 and 72.42 ± 3.41 mg/dl at 15th day and 7th day before the expected date of parturition respectively whereas the value was 103.47 ± 3.29 mg/dl at parturition. Significant effect (P < 0.01) of periods on blood glucose level was observed. 11. Overall average serum cholesterol level was estimated to be slightly higher (117.26 ± 6.82 mg/dl) at parturition as compared to 15th and 7th day before parturition though non-significant effect of periods on cholesterol level was recorded. 12. Overall average serum protein, calcium, inorganic phosphorus levels were found to be slightly lower (6.44 ± 0.19 g/dl, 7.92 ± 0.22 mg/dl and 4.09 ± 0.22 mg/dl respectively) at parturition than the values obtained at 15th and 7th day before parturition though the differences were nonsignificant. 13. Overall average serum magnesium level was found to be slightly higher (2.15 ± 0.18 mg/dl) at parturition than the values obtained at 15th and 7th day before expected date of parturition though the effect of periods on magnesium level was non-significant. 14. Overall average hemoglobin level and erythrocyte count was slightly higher at parturition (10.41 ± 0.63 g/dl and 8.61 ± 0.32 x 106/μl respectively) as compared to the values obtained at 15th and 7th day before the expected date of parturition though the effect of periods on these values was non-significant. 15. Overall average leucocyte was estimated to be slightly higher at parturition (8.25 ± 0.31x 103/μl) than the other two periods considered into this study. Leucocyte count at parturition differed significantly (P < 0.05) than the count recorded at 15th day before the expected date of parturition in ewes with male births. 16. Overall average lymphocyte count at parturition was slightly lower (65.30 ± 2.01 %) whereas the value for neutrophil was slightly higher than the findings estimated at other two periods in this study though the differences were found to be non-significant. 17. Overall average eosinophil count at parturition was found to be 3.80 ± 0.44 per cent which was slightly more than the value estimated at 7th day before and slightly less than the value at 15th day before expected date of parturition. It was concluded from this study that the results obtained for different parameters were within the normal physiological range reported in other breeds of sheep.ThesisItem Open Access Viability and Seed Vigour Studies in Pea (Pisum Sativum L.)(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1991) Singh, Balraj; Pandita, M.L