Browsing by Author "Singh, B.B."
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ThesisItem Open Access Classroom teaching behaviour of the university teachers - a study(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), 2002) Srivastava, Neerajakshi; Singh, B.B.ThesisItem Open Access Classroom Teaching Behaviour Of The University Teachers - A Study At G.B.Pant University Of Agriculture And Technology, Pantnagar(Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology;Pantnagar, 2002) Srivastava, Neerajakshi; Singh, B.B.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF PLNOFIX, CYCOCEL, AND ETHREL OF GERMINATION, NODULATION, GROWTH, MATURITY, YIELD AND QUALITY OF GARDEN PEA (Pisum sativim Linn)(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 1976) Bisen, Amrit Lal; Joshi, G.C.; Singh, K.; Singh, B.B.; Rao, K.C.EFFECT OF PLNOFIX, CYCOCEL, AND ETHREL OF GERMINATION, NODULATION, GROWTH, MATURITY, YIELD AND QUALITY OF GARDEN PEA (Pisum sativim Linn)ThesisItem Open Access Epidemiological studies on porcine brucellosis in Punjab, India(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 2015) Jindal, Prateek; Singh, B.B.Brucellosis is a serious veterinary and medical concern in Punjab, India. Huge losses have been reported due to brucellosis in livestock populations of the country. However, limited studies have been carried out on porcine brucellosis in India. As far as we are aware, this is the first molecular identification of Brucella species in naturally infected pigs (Sus scrofa) in Punjab, India. The blood samples were collected from 330 pigs slaughtered in small slaughter shops located in 5 districts of Punjab state of India. The samples were first screened using Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT), tube agglutination test (STAT) and ELISA. For molecular identification, conventional and Bruce ladder multiplex PCR were employed on all the seropositive and 30 negative samples. Nine (2.72%), 8 (2.42%) and 10 (3.03%) samples were found positive using RBPT, STAT and ELISA, respectively. Out of 10 seropositive samples, 4 were found positive using both conventional and multiplex PCR. The multiplex PCR indicated that all the Brucella positive samples belong to B. abortus species. Further, 123 human blood samples from pig farmers were collected and tested using RBPT, STAT and ELISA. For molecular identification, conventional and multiplex PCR were employed on all the seropositive and 20 negative samples. One sample was found positive using both RBPT and STAT whereas 4 human serum samples were found positive using ELISA. Out of 4 seropositive samples, 1 was found positive using both conventional and multiplex PCR. The multiplex PCR indicated that the Brucella positive sample belonged to B. abortus species. The results indicate that pigs could act as both victims and reservoirs of bovine brucellosis in India and policies must be developed for prevention and control of brucellosis in the countryThesisItem Open Access Epidemiological studies on rabies in Punjab, India(GADVASU, Ludhiana, 2018-02-21) Gill, Gurlal Singh; Singh, B.B.The current study was carried out to determine the magnitude of animal rabies in Punjab state of India. We prospectively followed canine and livestock populations residing in four sub-district(s) in Punjab, during 2016-2017. The annual canine rabies incidence was estimated to be 4.51 (95% Uncertainty Interval [UI] 0.066-21.88) per 10,000 population in pet dogs and 4.89 (95% UI 0.141-69.97) per 10,000 stray dogs in India. For livestock species, the disease incidence in domestic cattle populations was estimated to be 0.62 (95% UI 0.0034-4.21) per 10,000 domestic cattle in India. The disease incidence of 19.8 (95% UI 0.27-158.4) per 10000 populations was reported in the stray cattle populations. Stray dog and cattle count was carried out during 2016-2017 in the selected villages/wards in the Punjab, India. Overall, 22 villages and 10 wards were surveyed. We used a mark-re-sight procedure with slight modifications to estimate the stray animal populations. The data analyses indicated that based on the number of villages and wards in the state, there are a median of 672005 (95% CI: 241802, 1198024) stray dogs in Punjab state of India. Similarly, we estimated that there are a median of 679, 071 stray cattle based on the number of wards and villages, 354, 858 based on the adult human population residing in the surveyed areas and 435, 042 based on the residential (built-up) areas in Punjab. Lack of knowledge on rabies prevention and control measures were recorded in the target populations such as students and animal owners.ThesisItem Open Access In-depth study of performance of self-help groups in women empowerment(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), 2000) Archana; Singh, B.B.ThesisItem Open Access Indigenous And Modern Organic Farming Practices And Their Communication Pattern In Kumaon Hills Of Uttaranchal(Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology;Pantnagar, 2004) Joshi, Chandra Prakash; Singh, B.B.ThesisItem Open Access Organizational Behaviour Of A Ngo - An In-Depth Study Of `Chirag`(Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology;Pantnagar, 2003) Malik, Netrapal; Singh, B.B.ThesisItem Open Access Pattern of rural leadership among farming community - a study on leadership dynamics In Uttaranchal(Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology;Pantnagar, 2005) Mohanty, Amulya Kumar; Singh, B.B.ThesisItem Open Access Prediction of Bovine Brucellosis from Occupationally Exposed Human Brucellosis Cases in Ludhiana, Punjab(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 2016) Proch, Vishal; Singh, B.B.The current study was conducted to determine whether veterinary personnel could be used as sentinels for bovine brucellosis. Blood samples were collected from 279 veterinary personnel working in district Ludhiana and tested using Rose Bengal plate test, standard tube agglutination test, and both IgG and IgM ELISA. Information about participant demographics, disease perception and control practices was collected using a self-completed questionnaire. Of all the participants, 61 (21.9%), 67 (24.0%), 55 (19.7%) and 150 (53.8%) were positive in RBPT, STAT, IgM and IgG ELISA test, respectively. Based on prevalence of brucellosis in veterinary professionals, SaTScan analyses were conducted to identify spatial clusters with high and low prevalence of IgG and IgM human Brucella antibodies. A total of 15 villages representing different spatial clusters were selected and a total of 533 bovine milk samples were collected. Additionally, 334 bovine milk samples from nine villages were also collected to estimate the prevalence of bovine brucellosis from all the sub-districts in district Ludhiana. Overall, 847 milk samples were collected to estimate Milk Ring Test (MRT) and milk ELISA based prevalence of bovine brucellosis. Herd prevalence of bovine brucellosis came out to be 15.0% using Milk ring test (MRT) and 20.5% using Milk I-ELISA. Logistic regression and chi-square analysis for bovine brucellosis was done in 533 milk samples to compare prevalence of bovine brucellosis in high and low human brucellosis prevalence clusters. It was found that MRT based prevalence of bovine brucellosis is significantly associated with low and high human brucellosis prevalence clusters.ThesisItem Open Access Prevalence and molecular studies on sarcocystis species in cattle and water buffaloes(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 2014) Daptardar, Monal; Singh, B.B.The current study was carried out to screen prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. infecting cattle and water buffaloes using conventional as well as molecular techniques. A total of 321 muscle samples were collected and examined by using rapid isolation of intact micro-Sarcocystis cysts, pepsin digestion technique, followed by routine PCR. The Sarcocystis spp. were found in 136 (42.36%), 184 (57.82%) and 210 (65.42%) samples, respectively. Histopathologically, both thick and thin walled cysts were seen in tissues of water buffaloes whereas only thin walled sarcocysts were seen in cattle. Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA gene of 19 sarcocysts sequences revealed the presence of S. cruzi and S. cruzi like taxon in most of the samples. One isolate from buffalo showed varied homology with S. sinensis, S. cruzi, S. hominis, S. fusiformis and S. buffalonis. The presence of thick walled cysts indicated that it could be S. dubeyii which has been previously reported from India. One isolate from cattle showed much homology with S. sinensis or may be different Sarcocystis species. Furthermore RT-PCR and melt curve analysis of S. cruzi / S. cruzi like taxon revealed an average Tm of 83 having a range of 82.8 to 83.5. The melting temperature of the 2 samples other than Sarcocystis cruzi / Sarcocystis cruzi like taxon was found to vary between 82.8 to 83. The result indicated that bovine sarcocystosis could be an important public health risk and transmission studies must be carried out to evaluate the role of human/ non human primates (as definitive host) in the life cycle of this parasiteThesisItem Open Access SEROPREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF Toxoplasma gondii IN PIGS AND POULTRY IN PUNJAB AND SURROUNDING AREAS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ITS PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 2019) Thakur, Rashmi; Singh, B.B.Toxoplasma gondii is an important food borne protozoan parasite which is worldwide in prevalence and known to infect all warm-blooded animals and human beings. Around one third of world’s population is known to be infected by this parasite. Besides being an important food-borne pathogen it is also an occupational hazard. The outcomes of infection are mostly in benign in immunocompetent hosts but lead to severe signs of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised hosts and in pregnant animals and human-beings. In our study we collected 810 pork samples from selected six slaughter shops from Punjab and Uttarakhand states; one government owned abattoir from Chandigarh. A molecular prevalence of 6.67% (95CI: 5%-9%) was reported in the study. None of the farmed pigs (n-23) were found positive in study molecularly. In our study we reported a sero-prevalence of 49.7% (95 CI: 45%-54%) from pigs (255/513). A molecular prevalence of 2.29% (95 CI: 1%-4%) (n=522) was detected from poultry samples. Highest molecular prevalence was found from backyard poultry (7.32%; 95CI: 3%-19%) followed by deep litter system birds (4.57% 95 CI: 2%-8%). While an apparent sero-prevalence of 6.51% (95CI: 5%-9%) was recorded. In the current study, a sero-prevalence of 28.13% (95 CI: 12%-37%) was reported in backyard poultry while 14.54% (95 CI: 9%-18%) was reported in deep-litter system and no bird was found positive from caged birds. On phylogenetic analysis of representative samples of pigs and poultry samples they clustered to the same sequences suggesting that same strain is circulating in pigs and poultry in northern states of India. Blood samples from 205 veterinary personals were collected for sero-prevalence estimation both for IgG and IgM antibodies. Highest sero-prevalence of 19.05% (95 CI: 7.67%-40%) was reported in veterinary college clinics faculty/ academicians. Along with this a self-completed questionnaire was also filled to estimate the risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis and sero-positivity was found to be significantly associated with the consumption of mutton and type of treatment carried out to drinking water.ThesisItem Open Access SPATIAL ANALYSIS, TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TAENIA SOLIUM CYSTICERCOSIS IN PIGS IN PUNJAB AND CHANDIGARH (INDIA)(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 2018) Singh, Satinder Pal; Singh, B.B.Taenia solium cysticercosis remains a neglected zoonosis in the developing India. The current research was planned to fill research gaps essential to inform disease prevention and control programs in Punjab, India. Overall, 1132 pigs were post-mortem inspected. The tissue distribution of T. solium cysts in different muscles and organs of the pigs were determined. The cysts isolated from infected carcasses were molecularly confirmed using PCR targeting large subunit rRNA gene, internal transcribed spacer 1 gene, ITS1 gene and Cytochrome oxidase I gene. The selected PCR products were submitted for sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Choropleth map to understand the spatial distribution of the infection was developed. We recorded T. solium cysticercosis apparent prevalence of 2.12% (95% CI 1.43%-3.14%) and the true prevalence of 5.58% (95% CI 3.76%-8.25%) in naturally infected slaughter pigs in Punjab, India. We counted a mean of 985.57 (range 526-1964) cysts per infected pig from the 19 infected pig carcasses. The polymerase chain reaction confirmed the T. solium cysts from all the 24 positive samples. The phylogenetic analysis indicated all positive samples to be clustered with the T. solium Asian genotype. The pigs reared outside Punjab and sold for slaughter were significantly associated with the infection in Punjab, India. The Tricep brachi muscle was found to be a vital site for localisation of cysticerci in pigs in Punjab, India. The presence of heavily infected carcasses containing viable cysts indicates that T. solium cysticercosis is an important food safety concern for pork consumers in Punjab, India.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE RISK OF TAENIA SOLIUM EXPOSURE FROM PORK PRODUCED IN PUNJAB, INDIA(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 2019) G. K, Megha; Singh, B.B.Taenia solium cysticercosis is an important parasitic disease with animal and human health significance. Studies have shown that T. solium is endemic in Punjab. Till date no studies were conducted in Punjab to know the risk of T. solium infection in pork produced in Punjab and to know the effectiveness of oxfendazole against T. solium in pigs reared in Punjab. A Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) model was constructed to understand the risk of human T. solium infection from pork produced in Punjab. The analysis was conducted in R statistical software. Missing data on pig slaughtering practices and pork consuming population were collected through surveillance. To determine the frequency of pork consumption, a total of 922 subjects were surveyed. Out of 117 pork consumers, 115 consumed cooked pork while only 2 persons showed their preference for consuming raw pork. A significant association of pork consumption with sex, education and residence was recorded. The results showed that that there is a probability of 0.0242 (95% CI, 0.0079-0.0783) that any one pork meal contains at least one cyst before cooking. The probability that any one pork meal containing at least one viable cyst in Punjab before cooking was found to be 0.0121 (95% CI, 0.0039- 0.0391). Probability of any one pork meal being infective after cooking at consumption was found to be is 0.0003 (95% CI, 0.000-0.0018). A randomized controlled trail was conducted to know the effect of oxfendazole in controlling T. solium cysticercosis in pigs in Punjab. We selected 60 pigs 4 months of age and pigs were randomly assigned in three groups: T1 group (Treatment 1; Treated with 30mg/kg b.wt of oxfendazole at 4months old age; n=20), T2 group (Treatment 2; Treated with 30mg/kg b.wt of oxfendazole at 9months old age; n=20) and the C group (Control; Treated with placebo; n=20). Serological status of these pigs against T. solium was tested using sandwich antigen ELISA at 4, 9 and 12 months of age. Three pigs from T1 (treatment 1) group were positive at 4 months but became negative in subsequent samplings. One pig from the control group turned seropositive during the course of the study. However, none of the pigs was found positive from the treatment groups. This study showed that oxfendazole is an effective control measure against T. solium infection in Punjab but further studies should be conducted to prove statistical significance of this studyThesisItem Open Access A study of Information and Communication Technology intervention in integrated functioning of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2006-12) Matsepe, Maqalika Yessel; Singh, B.B.Scientists of Agricultural Universities are continuously engaged in the activities related to teaching, research and extension. Developments of the agricultural scientists can expedite the development of agriculture, which is ultimately useful for the society. Their professional growth and development are enhanced by acquiring current information through the use of new means of communication, mainly through Information and Communication Technologies. Thus, the study entitled “A study of Information and Communication Technology intervention in integrated functioning of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar.” was conducted. Based on the major findings of the study, it can be concluded that scientists used ICT mostly computer for various professional purposes. Also, the scientists perceived use of ICT very useful for performing their professional activities. Specialised training courses should be organised to improve skills of scientists to use ICT efficiently. There is a need to include other stake holders like students, librarians and farmers.ThesisItem Open Access A study on dynamics of production and marketing of Litchi in Muzaffarpur district of Bihar(DRPCAU, Pusa, 1997) Kumar, Suresh; Singh, B.B.ThesisItem Open Access A study on dynamics of production and marketing of Mango in Samastipur district of Bihar(DRPCAU, Pusa, 1999) Israfil, Md.; Singh, B.B.ThesisItem Open Access A study on dynamics of production and marketing of Turmeric in Samastipur district of Bihar(DRPCAU, Pusa, 1995) Mishra, Om Prakash; Singh, B.B.