Browsing by Author "Shivaleela I.U."
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ThesisItem Open Access Biology of Lac Insect, Kerria lacca Kerr (Lacciferidae: Homoptera) and Feasibility of Cultivation of Lac on Flemingia semialata roxb. for Uttara Kannada District(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-11) Shivaleela I.U.; JavaregowdaStudies on lac insect infesting forest tree species and agricultural crops, biology of lac insect, cultivation of lac insect on Flemingia semialata and its natural enemies on different host plants and evaluation of insecticides molecules on survival of lac insect crawlers were conducted at the College of Forestry, Sirsi and at Agricultural Research Station, Malagi during 2014-2017. Banyan tree, jambe, tamarind and tur recorded highest settlement and lowest mortality of Kerria lacca as host plants out of thirty hosts. Emergence of crawlers started immediately after eggs hatching from the female cell and continued up to 35 to 40 days. The newly formed male adults were creamy white with a pair of wings, legs, and well developed eyes. Male adult longevity was only 4 to 5 days. The female was brownish colored. The abdomen of female lac insect had well developed ovisac and wingless lived for 50- 65 days. Female laid eggs under lac encrustation coating. Duration of first instar crawler varied from 25 to 30, second instar 20-24 and third instars 59 to 68 days. Yield of stick /brood lac was 619.20 g/plant and scraped lac was 481.33 g/plant in kharif season. In rabi season, stick /brood lac was 566.53 g/plant and scraped lac was 407.94 g/plant. Predators like, Eublemma amabilis, Pseudohypatopa pulvarea and Chrysopa sp, parasitoid, Tachardiaephagus tachardiae were recorded on the brood lac of F. semialata and Calliandra calothyrus host plants. Indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 0.2 ml/l recorded the highest number of survival of lac insect followed by flubendiamide 40 SC @ 0.2 ml/l, spinosad 45 SC @ 0.1 ml/l and fipronil 5 SC @ 0.2 ml/l and these treatments were on par with UTC-1 (with water dipping) and UTC-2 (without water dipping). With proper management lac cultivation on F. semialata is feasible in Uttara Kannada District.ThesisItem Open Access Management of Pod Borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in Chickpea Ecosystem(UAS, Dharwad, 2012) Shivaleela I.U.; B.S. NandihalliStudies on survey, surveillance and management of chickpea pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) were conducted at AC, Bijapur and also in farmer’s field at Kallolli village of Jamkhandi taluk Bagalkot during 2011-12. The activity of chickpea pod borer was more or less same in all the taluks of Bijapur district. However, the maximum pod borer larvae was recorded in Sindagi and Indi taluks (upto 10.83 larvae /mrl), followed by Basavana Bagewadi, Bijapur and Muddebihal. Chickpea as well as intercrops grown in chickpea based intercropping systems recorded lower pod borer and its natural enemy, Campoletes chlorideae activity compared to chickpea sole crop. The surveillance of pod borer over a season indicated that the incidence of the pod borer activity was noticed from 4th week after sowing reaching peak at 8th week after sowing and then onwards decreased as the crop reaching maturity. Chickpea + wheat (3:6) recorded lowest pod borer larvae/ mrl followed by chickpea + safflower (4:2), chickpea + sorghum (1:2), chickpea + sorghum (2:4) and chickpea + sorghum sprinkled. The activity of the C. chlorideae fluctuated with the host population over a season. Chickpea + wheat intercropping recorded significantly highest crop equivalent yield of chickpea (7.50 q/ha) followed by chickpea + safflower (7.01 q/ha), chickpea + sorghum sprinkled (6.97 q/ha), chickpea + sunflower (6.60 q/ha), which were on par with the sole crop (7.00 q/ha). Chickpea + sorghum intercropping recorded lowest crop equivalent yield of chickpea (6.15 q /ha). Among the different spray sequences, rynaxypyr 20 SC- flubendiamide 480 SCemamectin benzoate 05 SG treatment was found effective in recording lower pod borer larvae and recorded the lower number of C. chlorideae cocoon compared to the sequential sprays containing botanicals. With respect to cost effectiveness, rynaxypyr- flubendiamideemamectin benzoate proved to be the best economical treatment as realized by the highest benefit (` 4000/ha) and CB ratio (1:2). The next best treatments were profenophos- Btquinolphos with benefit of ` 2080/ ha and CB ratio of 1:1.7 and neem oil- flubendiamideacephate with benefit of ` 1880/ ha and CB ratio (1:1.6).