Browsing by Author "Sharma, Rakesh"
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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of conjoint application of organic and inorganic nutrient sources on soil properties and productivity of Peach(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr YSP UHF, Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-04-27) Thakur, Sumedha; Sharma, RakeshThe present experiment entitled “Effect of conjoint application of organic and inorganic nutrient sources on soil properties and productivity of Peach” was conducted at experimental farm of the College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, during the year 2020. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with thirteen treatments replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of T1 (100 % NPK + FYM 25 kg tree-1), T2 (75 % NPK+ FYM 25 kg tree-1), T3 (50 % NPK + FYM 25 kg tree-1), T4 (100 % NPK +VC 15 kg tree-1), T5 (75 % NPK + VC 15 kg tree-1), T6 (50 % NPK +VC 15 kg tree-1), T7 (Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at 15 days interval), T8 (Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at 15 days interval + FYM 25 kg tree-1), T9 (Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at 15 days interval +VC 15 kg tree-1), T10 (75 % NPK + FYM 25 kg tree-1+ Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at one-month interval), T11 (50 % NPK + FYM 25 kg tree-1+ Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at one-month interval), T12 (75 % NPK +VC 15 kg tree-1+ Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at one-month interval) and T13 (50 % NPK + VC 15 kg tree-1+ Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at one-month interval). The highest increase in tree height (26.70 %), annual shoot growth (58.47 cm), average fruit weight (95.04 g), fruit yield (10.67 kg tree-1) was recorded under 75 % NPK +VC 15 kg tree-1+ Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at one-month interval (T12). The advancement in flower initiation was also recorded in this treatment. Fruit quality parameters viz. total soluble solids (12.33 ⸰Brix), titrable acidity (1.18 %) and ascorbic acid (16.88 mg 100 g-1) were found highest in 100 % NPK +VC 15 kg tree-1 (T4). Leaf N (3.65 %), S (0.404 %), Mn (64.53 ppm) and Fe (227.49 ppm) contents were recorded significantly higher in 75 % NPK +VC 15 kg tree-1+ Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at one-month interval (T12) whereas, leaf P (0.310 %) and Zn (26.33 ppm) was observed significantly higher in 100 % NPK +VC 15 kg tree-1 (T4). Soil organic carbon (2.85 and 2.08 %), available N (428.59 and 397.23 kg ha-1), available P (70.63 kg ha-1), available K (443.52 and 436.05 kg ha-1), available S (50.09 and 49.39 mg kg-1) and Cu (0.92 and 0.88 mg kg-1) contents were significantly higher in 75 % NPK +VC 15 kg tree-1+ Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at one-month interval (T12), however, electrical conductivity (0.191and 0.188 dS m-1), cation exchange capacity (12 and 11.47 C mol p+ kg-1 soil), Zn (6.09 and 5.65 mg kg-1), Mn (31.78 and 29.79 mg kg-1), Fe (102.89 and 95.11 mg kg-1) in surface and subsurface layer were significantly higher in 100 % NPK +VC 15 kg tree-1 (T4). Further, maximum microbial count (219.00×105 cfu g-1) was recorded higher in 75 % NPK +VC 15 kg tree-1 + Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at onemonth interval (T12). From these results it is concluded that treatment comprising 75 per cent NPK +VC @ 15 kg tree-1 + Jeevamrit @ 6.6 % at one-month interval (T12) proved best in attaining maximum growth and yield parameters as well as physical, chemical and biological properties of soil over university recommendation of fertilizers and manures (100 % NPK + FYM 25 kg tree-1) (T1) for peach crop in subtropical region of Himachal Pradesh.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Salinity and Nitrogen Levels on Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Wheat Cultivars(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2003) Sharma, Rakesh; Singh, DalelThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of the Pradhan MantriFasalBima Yojana in Samba District, Jammu and Kashmir(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2023-10-25) Sou, Dinesh; Sharma, RakeshThe present study entitled “Evaluation of the Pradhan MantriFasalBimaYojana in Samba District, Jammu and Kashmir” was conducted by employing static control group design. A sample of 150 Pradhan MantriFasalBimaYojana(PMFBY) beneficiary farmers were selected by proportionate random sampling technique from the nine blocks of Samba district. For comparison,75 non-PMFBY farmers as per half of the proportionatevalue of the block for selection of PMFBY beneficiaries were taken up from each block on the basis of convenience. The data werecollected by means of personal interview methodwith the help ofsemi-structured interview schedule. The result revealed that majority of farmers(68%) ofPMFBY andnon-PMFBY(78%) were having marginal landholdingand 72 percent PMFBY farm households had non-farm sources of income.For awareness of the PMFBY, different extension strategies namely awareness camps and distribution of extension literature namely pamphlets, flyers and posterswere undertaken by the Department of Agriculture, insurance agency and banks. The results revealed that hundred percent of the beneficiaries farmers were aware about PMFBY whereas, in case of non-beneficiary only 63 percent of the farmers were awareabout the PMFBY. The perception index of the sampled PMFBY farmers towards the PMFBY crop insurance was 0.59, which isslightly favourable.Risk management practices other than PMFBY namely low input use while growing rainfed crops, non-farm activities like wage labour, shops and cooperative marketing were adopted by 79percent of the PMFBY farmers and 84 percent non-PMFBY beneficiaries to avoid exposure to risk.Out of 150 farmers, 18 farmers discontinued to adopt PMFBY in 2022 and reported the bad experiences of previous incidents (72%)as the major reason for quieting the PMFBY. The variable education and irrigated land holding significantly contributed for the discontinuance of the scheme.Thus, for continued adoption of PMFBY,government needs to consider the suggestions given by therespondent’s namely quick settlement of insurance claims, insurance service at village level, individual approach instead ofarea approach and need for maintaining transparency in settlement of insurance claims.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF THE VEGETABLE INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT FARMERS FIELD SCHOOL PROGRAMME IN JAMMU REGION(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2011) Sharma, Rakesh; Peshin, RajinderThe present study entitled "Evaluation of the vegetable integrated pest management farmer field school programme in Jammu region" was conducted in two phases to evaluate the implementation, outcomes and impacts. The research hypotheses formulated were that the IPM-FFS programme results in gain in knowledge, application of the gained knowledge in pest management resulting in economic and environmental benefits at farm and village level. The critical multiplism technique of evaluation was employed for the study using two research designs, namely quasiexperimental difference-in-difference non equivalent control group design and non-experimental with/without ex-post facto design. For quasi-experimental study a sample of 44 farmers from four vegetable crops was selected from the IPM villages and 60 from the non-IPM villages of Jammu district. A separate sample of 80 IPM farmers and 60 non-IPM farmers was drawn from the districts of Jammu, Samba and Kathua where IPM programmes were conducted between 2003-04 to 2007-08 for conducting ex-post facto study. The results of the quasi experimental study provide insight into the implementation of the IPM-FFS. The outcomes were in terms of significant gain in knowledge of cabbage, cauliflower, okra and brinjal farmers and its application in terms of raised nursery beds in cabbage and cauliflower and installation of pheromone traps in okra. The IPM trained farmers had significantly reduced pesticide spray (43%) and pesticide expenditure (70.7%) in cauliflower crop whereas in other crops there was no significant difference. The results of ex-post facto study reveal that there was significant difference in the adoption of treated seed/seed treatment in cauliflower and raised nursery beds in cabbage. The IPM farmers significantly reduced pesticide use (41.1%) and pesticide expenditure (45.1%) in brinjal crop. The cauliflower farmers significantly reduced the use of cocktail mixtures by 83.3 per cent. The synthesis of the results of the two designs employed indicate that there was reduction in pesticide use and adoption of cultural practices namely raised nursery beds and seed treatment/treated seed in the IPM villages. The socio-economic variables affecting the adoption of pesticide use and its intensity in cabbage, cauliflower, okra and brinjal crops were land holding and availability of pesticides locally. There was inconsistent evidence about the effect of different socio-economic variables on the pesticide use decision of fanners in the different vegetable crops. The uptake of the IPM could be affected by the attributes of the IPM practices and the quality of training. The major constraints in the uptake of IPM practices were: insufficient knowledge about installation of traps, non-availability of inputs namely pheromone traps and lures in the market, time consuming and labour intensive, not possible to adopt certain IPM practices on a large scale and shortage of labour during peak season. The results of the study are consistent with other evaluative studies of IPM programmes in north India. The study provides empirical hard data to IPM policy makers and implementers to reorient FFS programmes to have tangible results at the farm level. Keywords: IPM, FFS, Vegetable IPM, FFS implementation, Outcome evaluation, Impact evaluationThesisItem Open Access Extraction And Evaluation Of Oil From Different Cultivars Of Olive (Olea Europaea L.)(Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry;Solan, 2003) Sharma, Rakesh; Kaushal, B.B.LalThesisItem Open Access Molecular characterization of nimari breed of cattle (bos indicus) using microsatellite markers(JNKVV, Jabalpur, 2007) Sharma, Rakesh; Parmar, S. N. S.ThesisItem Open Access NUTRIENT INDEXING OF MANGO (Mangifera indica L.) ORCHARDS IN BILASPUR DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2020-12-09) Dhiman, Akshay; Sharma, RakeshThe present investigations entitled “Nutrient indexing of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) orchards in Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh’’ was undertaken to evaluate the nutritional status of mango orchards in Bilaspur district. Soil and leaf samples were collected from 57 mango growing location. The collected soil and leaf samples were analyzed for different soil properties such as soil texture, pH, EC, Organic carbon, available N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn nutrient. Leaf samples were also analyzed for nutrient such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn. On the basis of soil textural classes, soils of mango growing areas varied from sandy loam to clay loam. The soils were acidic to alkaline in soil reaction. Soils are suitable and normal for the growth of mango crop as the Ec values were <0.8 dS m-1. Soil OC status was found to be medium to high in status. In light of nutrient indices the soil sample were low in N, medium in K and high in P, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn content. The results suggest that soils are responsive to N and K-fertilizer application, whereas source economy on P-fertilizer application can be exercised. Leaf nutrient status indicated that 68.42, 70.17, 85.96, 66.66, 100, 87.71 and 91.22 per cent samples were sufficient in N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu whereas, 5.27, 14 and 8.9 per cent samples were in deficient range for Ca, S, Zn. Soil OC was highly significant and positively correlated with Cu and Mn. Available N, Mg, Fe and Mn exhibited significant and positive relationship with their respective leaf nutrient contents. On the basis of coefficient of variation, soil properties such as soil pH and available Mg are least variable. Soil OC, N, Ca, S, Zn and leaf N, P, K, S, Mn, Cu and Zn are moderately variable. Whereas, soil EC, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and leaf Ca, Mg and Fe are highly variable. Therefore Site Specific Nutrient Management strategies should be adopted and developed where the soil and leaf nutrient status is deficient and coefficient of variation is moderately and highly variable to increase the mango productivity in the regionThesisItem Open Access NUTRIENT INDEXING OF MANGO (Mangifera indica L.) ORCHARDS IN UNA DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2022-03-02) Sharma, Puneet; Sharma, RakeshIn this study soil and leaf samples were collected from 73 major mango orchards in district Una. The collected soil samples were analyzed for different soil properties such as soil texture, bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon and available N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn nutrient. The leaf samples were analyzed for nutrient contents such as leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn. On the basis of soil textural classes, the soils of mango orchards varied from sandy loam, sand and loamy sand and the bulk density was < 1.6 g cm-3, hence the soils were less compact and doesnot interfered with root growth. The soils were near neutral to slightly alkaline in soil reaction. The soils were in safe limits of electrical conductivity as the values were less than 0.8 dS m-1. Organic carbon content was found medium to high in status. The available N content was low in the soils of mango orchards in study area. The available K and Cu contents were medium and available P, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn and Zn were high in nutrient status. The leaf nutrient status indicated that 30.14, 89.04, 16.44, 78.08, 78.08 and 86.30 per cent samples were sufficient in N, K, Mg, S, Fe and Cu contents. Whereas, 16.44, 47.95, 12.33 and 12.33 per cent samples were deficient in P, Ca, Mn and Zn. The organic carbon content was significant and positively correlated with available N, P, K and Ca. Available Ca and Zn exhibited significant and positive relationship with their respective leaf nutrient contents. Based on the coefficient of variation, the soil properties such as the bulk density, pH, Mg and leaf N, Ca, Zn were least variable. Whereas, electrical conductivity (EC), N, Ca, S, Mn, Cu, Zn and leaf K, Mg, S, Fe and Cu were moderatelyvariable. However, organic carbon content (OC), P, K, Fe and leaf P, Mn contents were highly variable. For moderately and highly variable soil parameters, site specific nutrient management strategies should be developed and adopted for enhancing the productivity of the crop in the region.ThesisItem Open Access Population dynamics of insect pests and pollinators associated with Mangifera indica Linn.(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-07) Sharma, Rakesh; Karnatak, A.K.The leaf infestation pattern as well as population dynamics of five different foliage feeders (Idioscopus clypealis Linnaeus, Drosicha mangiferae Stebbing, Apsylla cistellata Buckton, Popillia japonica Newman, Myllocerus discolour Boheman) was observed in mango crop at Horticulture Research Centre Pattharchatta during 2012 and 2013. The incidence of all insect pests occurred once in a year. The incidence of all the pests was maximum in East direction and minimum incidence was recorded in North direction. The population as well as leaf infestation was significantly different in both the orchards. The abiotic factors (Temperature and Relative humidity) had significant impact on pest incidence. Rainfall was a limiting factor for all the insect pests. The relative abundance of different insect pollinators during the flowering season was found to be maximum in the 4th week of March in East direction. The maximum abundance of Syrphids (3.8 and 4.3 foragers/inflorescence/3min), Musca domestica (3.0 and 1.1 foragers/inflorescence/3min), Coccinella septempunctata (3.7 and 2.3 foragers/inflorescence/3min) and Trigona laeviceps (1.8 and 1.7 foragers/inflorescence/3min) was recorded at 1100 hours during the year 2012 and 2013 respectively. The surrounding environment of inflorescence had more impact on the relative abundance of pollinators than the open environment of location.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on character association and genetic divergence in safflower [carthamus tinctorius (l.)(JNKVV, Jabalpur, 2006) Sharma, Rakesh; Singh, JagdishThesisItem Open Access Studies on strangulated intestinal obstruction in calves(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2000) Sharma, Rakesh; Kanwar, M.S.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the effect of bio-organic nutrient sources on soil properties and yield of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) in sub-tropics of Himachal Pradesh(College of Horticulture and Forestry Dr YSP UHF, Neri, Hamirpur(H.P.), 2023-05-03) Jasrotia, Karmanya; Sharma, RakeshThe present investigation was conducted to study the effect of different bio-organic nutrient sources on soil properties and yield of pea (Pisum sativum L.) in sub-tropics of Himachal Pradesh. The experiment was carried out during rabi 2021-22 at experimental farm of the Department of SoilScience and Water Management, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with nine treatments replicate thrice. These nine treatments were T1= Beejamrit + Jeevamrit @ 5% at weekly interval, T2= FYM @ 20 t/ha + R.D.F (recommended practice of manures and fertilizers), T3= FYM @ 20 t/ha + Beejamrit + Jeevamrit @ 5% at weekly interval, T4= FYM @ 20 t/ha + Beejamrit + Jeevamrit @ 5% at fortnight interval, T5= vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + R.D.F, T6= Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Beejamrit+ Jeevamrit @ 5% at weekly interval, T7= Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Beejamrit + Jeevamrit @ 5% at fortnight interval, T8= Ghanjeevamrit + Beejamrit + Jeevamrit @ 5% at fortnight interval and T9= 100 per cent R.D.F where, R.D.F was recommended dose of fertilizers (NPK = 25:60:60 kg ha-1). Results of the investigation revealed that treatment T6 was proved to be best with respect to pea growth parameters and yield attributing characters. It also enhanced the quality parameters, nutrient uptake by the crop and performed better than recommended dose of manures and fertilizers(T2). The same treatment (T6) recorded an increment of 20.54 % in pod yield per hectare over (T2) along with highest benefit: cost of 2.22. Treatment T3 followed by T6 significantly improved the water holding capacity, organic carbon content, available N, P, K, S, DTPA-extractable micronutrients (Fe, Cn, Zn and Mn) of soil. Treatment T3 also showed significant increase in microbiological properties such as total microbial population, N-fixing bacteria, PSB, MBC, MBN, soil respiration as well as biochemical properties i.e., alkaline phosphomonoesterase, cellulase, urease and dehydrogenase. Pod yield had positive and significant correlation with plant height, pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and length of pods as bio-organic nutrient sources influenced the crop yield. All the soil properties were positively and significantly correlated with pod yield which indicated the importance of soil properties for the nutrient turn-over and availability to plants. Thus, it can be concluded that beejamrit and jeevamrit @ 5 per cent at weekly interval in combination with FYM, vermicompost and ghanjeevamrit showed better results over combined application of RDF with FYM and vermicompost.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the effect of organic nutrient sources on soil properties and yield of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] in sub- tropics of Himachal Pradesh(College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-10-26) Shivani; Sharma, RakeshA field experiment entitled "Studies on the effect of organic nutrient sources on soil properties and yield of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] in sub-tropics of Himachal Pradesh" was conducted during kharif 2020 at experimental farm of Department of Soil Science and Water Management, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri (Hamirpur), Dr. YSP University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, H.P. in a randomised block design with nine treatments which were replicated thrice. These nine treatments were: T1= sole application of jeevamrit @ 5 per cent at weekly interval, T2= FYM @ 10 t/ha + R.D.F (recommended practice), T3= FYM @ 10 t/ha + jeevamrit @ 5 per cent at weekly interval, T4= FYM @ 10 t/ha + jeevamrit @ 5 per cent at fortnight interval, T5= vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + R.D.F, T6= vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + jeevamrit @ 5 per cent at weekly interval, T7= vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + jeevamrit @ 5 per cent at fortnight interval, T8= jeevamrit @ 5 per cent + ghanjeevamrit at fortnight interval and T9= 100 per cent R.D.F where, R.D.F was recommended dose of fertilizers (NPK = 75:50:55 kg ha-1). Treatment T6 recorded increase in growth, yield and quality attributes of okra as compared to recommended practice (T2). Also, T6 recorded higher B: C ratio. Further, soil bulk density, particle density, porosity, soil pH and EC did not differ significantly with the application of different organic nutrients sources. Whereas, water holding capacity, organic carbon content, available N, P, K, S, DTPA extractable micronutrients viz., Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn and biological indicator of soil such as total viable microbial population, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen were recorded higher in treatment T3 followed by T6. Yield showed highly significant and positive relationship with plant height and number of leaves indicated their importance in influencing yield. Also, yield exhibited significant and positive relationship with soil organic carbon, total viable microbial population, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen which indicated their importance for nutrient turn-over and their availability to plants. The study revealed that application of jeevamrit @ 5 per cent at weekly interval in combination with vermicompost and FYM showed better results over combined application of R.D.F with vermicompost and FYM.