Browsing by Author "Satheshkumar, S"
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ThesisItem Open Access Effect Of Synchronization Of Follicular Wave Emeregence On Superovulation And Embryo Yield In Crossbred Cows(Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, 2009) Satheshkumar, S; TANUVAS; Subramanian, AThe present study was aimed at assessing the effect of GnRH analogue in synchronizing the follicular wave emergence in Jersey crossbred cattle and to study the effect of initiating FSH treatment (normal and reduced doses) after synchronizing the emergence of follicular wave on superovulatory response and embryo yield. Six healthy, non-lactating and regularly cycling Jersey crossbred cows aged between 5-6 yrs were utilized for the study. Initially, as a control study, the normal follicular wave pattern was ultrasonographically investigated in all the six cows. In experimental group, all the animals were injected with GnRH analogue (Buserelin acetate; 10 μg i.m.) on Day 6 of the cycle (Day 0 – oestrum) and follicular wave pattern was studied. All the six animals were subjected for four superovulatory treatments. Treatment1-Conventional: FSH (400 mg - Folltropin-V) treatment was initiated on Day 10; Treatment II – Gn-D8-400: FSH treatment (400 mg) was initiated on the day of GnRH synchronized follicular wave emergence (Day 8); Treatment III – Gn-D10-400: FSH treatment (400 mg) was initiated two days after synchronized follicular wave emergence (Day 10) and Treatment IV- Gn-D10-200: Similar to Gn-D10-400 group, but superstimulated with 200 mg. Monitoring the normal follicular wave pattern revealed that 77.8, 16.7 and 5.6 per cent of oestrous cycles exhibited three, two and four follicular waves respectively. The first wave dominant follicles (DF) were in a growth phase during Days 0.8 – 6.67 of the oestrous cycle and got deviated from the subordinate follicles by 3.30 – 3.67 days after emergence irrespective of the number of follicular waves succeeding the first one. Thus characteristics of the first wave DF was much predictable than that of the subsequent waves. Three peaks of FSH levels could be appreciated in three-wavecycles preceding the emergence of each follicular wave. When GnRH was administered on Day 6 of the cycle, the DF (10.83 + 0.38 mm) ovulated in all the animals (100 %) in a mean interval of 27.67 + 0.21 h and a synchronized homogenous group of follicles emerged after two days (Day of 8.00 + 0.0). With the formation of an additional luteal structure (ACL), the progesterone concentration (10.57 + 0.61 ng / ml) was significantly (P<0.01) increased than normal cycle (5.58 + 0.45 ng / ml) during the mid luteal phase. In Conventional group, all the animals (100%) responded for FSH, with 13.67 + 1.80 CL and 2.00 + 0.37 AF. However, the superovulatory response varied widely (9 - 21ovulations). In Gn-D10-400 group, the animals responded with 11.00 + 0.63 (10 – 14) CL and 3.50 + 0.22 (3 – 4) AF comparable to the Conventional group. In both Conventional and Gn-D10-400 groups, almost all the Class III follicles on the day of superovulatory oestrus ovulated indicating that these follicles were healthy enough to respond to endogenous LH surge. In Gn-D8-400 group, the mean number of CL and AFs were 5.00 + 1.77 (1 – 11) and 12.83 + 4.65 (2 - 30) respectively. More number of Class II follicles and suprabasal progesterone levels (due to incomplete luteolysis) on the day of oestrus was correlated positively with increased number of AFs. The embryo recovery rate (53.89 %) in Gn-D10-400 was comparable to that of Conventional group (55.49 + 9.70 %), but the recovery rate (36.57 + 16.44 %) was substantially affected in Gn-D8-400 group. In Gn-D10-400 group, a higher percentage (87.24 %) of transferable quality (Grade 1 and 2) embryos and lower incidence of arrested / degenerated embryos (3.33 %) and UFO (1.85 %) was recorded than the Conventional (79.49%, 6.72 % and 6.25 % respectively) group. However, in Gn-D8- 400 group, arrested/degenerated and UFO (62.50%) and Grade 4 embryos (20.84%) constituted the major proportion of ova recovered and transferable quality embryos accounted for only 8.34 per cent. Increased anovulatory follicular population from the day of oestrus to the day of embryo collection and thus an increased concentration of oestradiol would have resulted in a poor embryo recovery / quality in Gn-D8 group. With the reduced dose of FSH (200 mg) in Gn-D10 group, all the animals responded with a mean superovulatory response of 6.33 + 0.99 CL (4-11) and an average of 44.24 per cent embryos / ova were recovered. When compared with Gn- D8-400 group, a non-significant increase in superovulatory response and embryo recovery rate was recorded in Gn-D10-200 group.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of TCM-199 and Synthetic Oviductal Fluid (SOF) Medium and Cysteamine supplementation to In Vitro Maturation Media on Maturation, Cleavage Rate and Subsequent Embryonic Development of Buffalo Oocytes(Buffalo Bulletin, 2013-09) Prasad, Ch. Srinivasa; Palanisamy, A; Gomathy, V.S.; Satheshkumar, S; Thangavel, A; Raj, G. Dhinakar; TANUVASArticleItem Open Access Expression of pluripotency markers in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryonic stem cell like cells(2020) Palanisammi, A; Satheshkumar, S; Vinoth, M, et al.,; TANUVASThe objective of present study was to culture and characterize the buffalo embryonic stem cell-like cells (BESC) for their pluripotency by analysing Oct-4 and TRA-1-81 markers. Blastomeres from two, four, eight, sixteen, morula and blastocyst of in-vitro produced buffalo preimplantation embryos were derived and were seeded on mitomycin inactivated buffalo foetal fibroblasts feeder layer and cultured. The cultured blastomeres were monitored colony formation. The colonies exhibiting typical morphological features of BESC were subcultured. Marker expressions were tested on passages 1, 2, 3 and 4 by RTPCR, immune-cytochemistry and flowcytometric analysis. RT-PCR study revealed that expression of Oct-4 progressively declined with subsequent passages. The BESC strongly reacted with TRA-1-81 antibodies. In flowcytometry, the cells expressing TRA-1-81 in the first passage and second passage were 98.03±0.03 per cent and 97.13±0.07 per cent respectively. However, in the third and fourth passages the expression levels were reduced to 12.11±0.04 and 4.21±0.09 per cent respectively. Thus the study proved that cultured BESC had pluripotency characters and from third passage they started differentiation process.ArticleItem Open Access FACTORS AFFECTING THE SUPEROVULATORY RESPONSE IN BOVINE EMBRYO TRANSFER PROGRAMME(2019-12) Satheshkumar, S; TANUVASEmbryo transfer technology is an important biotechnological tool to produce more number of offspring from genetically superior animals during their reproductive life. Application of exogenous gonadotropins and knowledge of ovarian follicular dynamics are two very powerful tools that provide opportunities to maximize the number of oocytes obtained from superior cows. Gonadotropin induced superovulation is the basic and efficient method of obtaining multiple embryos from these genetically valuable females. However, the superovulatory response (SOR) is highly unpredictable and variable between treatments thus affecting the efficiency of the technology and limiting its practical application. Variability in ovarian response has been attributed to various factors such as donor parity, production status, season, hormone preparations and their dose etc., (Quaresma et al., 2003; Lee et ul. 2012; Vieira et al., 2014).OtherItem Open Access FAILURE OF ESSEN REGIMEN FOR A RABID MENACE IN BOVINES(2015-01) Ranjithkumar, M; Saravanan, M; Pushkin Raj, H; Saahithya, R; Satheshkumar, S; Shafiuzama, M; TANUVASRabies, a deadly zoonotic viral disease remains prevalent in India. Dogs infected with rabies remains to be a potential vector for this disease and cause ninety nine percent of death in humans Test (STAT). The present study revealed that none of the serum samples tested Was positive for Brucella abortus.ArticleItem Open Access Follicular Wave Synchronization Using GnRH Agonist in Jersey Crossbred Cows(2008) Satheshkumar, S; Palanisamy, A; Ramadass, P, et al.,; TANUVASThe study was aimed at recording the synchronization of follicular wave emergence in Jersey crossbred cows when administered with GnRH on Day 5 of the cycle. initially, as a control study, the normal follicular wave pattern were studied in Jersey crossbred cows (n=6) using ultrasound scanner. During the subsequent cycle, all the animals were injected with GnRH agonist - Buserelin acetate (lnj. Receptal; I0 µg i.m.) on Day 5 of the cycle and follicular wave pattem was studied.ArticleItem Open Access ‘Herbal Combo Therapy’ for Oestrus Induction in Postpartum Anoestrus Cows(2021) Satheshkumar, S; Punniamurthy, N; Ranganathan, V; TANUVASThe research was aimed at studying the effect of a ‘Herbal combo therapy’ (HCT) on induction of oestrus and enhancement of fertility in postpartum anoestrus (PPA) in crossbred cows. Crossbred cows (n = 24) which were diagnosed for true anoestrus condition were utilized for the study. All the cows were dewormed and randomly divided into two groups (i) Control group (n = 10): No treatment schedule and (ii) Treatment group (n = 14): HCT involving a sequential administration of Raphanus sativus, Aloe vera, Moringa oleifera, Cissuss quadrangularisis and Murraya koenigii for a period of 20 days. The animals which expressed oestrus signs during the experimental period were inseminated and pregnancy was confirmed. Diameter of the largest follicle was documented on the initiation day of experiment and at the end of the experimental period or on the day of expression of induced oestrus. Perusal of the data revealed that 71.4 per cent of the PPA animals responded to the HCT by expressing oestrus signs within the experimental period as against 10.0 per cent in control group. The follicular diameter significantly increased in HCT group (11.8 + 2.4 mm) than the control group (9.6 + 0.8 mm). The overall conception rate among the PPA cows treated with HCT was much higher (57.1%) than the control group (10.0%). Steroidogenic activity, rich nutrient source and anti-inflammatory properties of HCT would have potentiated the follicular development and thereby induced oestrus and improved conception rate in anoestrus cows.ArticleItem Open Access Herbal Combo Therapy’ for Oestrus Induction in Postpartum Anoestrus Cows(2021) Satheshkumar, S; Punniamurthy, N; Ranganathan, V; TANUVASThe research was aimed at studying the effect of a ‘Herbal combo therapy’ (HCT) on induction of oestrus and enhancement of fertility in postpartum anoestrus (PPA) in crossbred cows. Crossbred cows (n = 24) which were diagnosed for true anoestrus condition were utilized for the study. All the cows were dewormed and randomly divided into two groups (i) Control group (n = 10): No treatment schedule and (ii) Treatment group (n = 14): HCT involving a sequential administration of Raphanus sativus, Aloe vera, Moringa oleifera, Cissuss quadrangularisis and Murraya koenigii for a period of 20 days. The animals which expressed oestrus signs during the experimental period were inseminated and pregnancy was confirmed. Diameter of the largest follicle was documented on the initiation day of experiment and at the end of the experimental period or on the day of expression of induced oestrus. Perusal of the data revealed that 71.4 per cent of the PPA animals responded to the HCT by expressing oestrus signs within the experimental period as against 10.0 per cent in control group. The follicular diameter significantly increased in HCT group (11.8 + 2.4 mm) than the control group (9.6 + 0.8 mm). The overall conception rate among the PPA cows treated with HCT was much higher (57.1%) than the control group (10.0%). Steroidogenic activity, rich nutrient source and anti-inflammatory properties of HCT would have potentiated the follicular development and thereby induced oestrus and improved conception rate in anoestrus cows.ArticleItem Open Access ‘Herbal Combo Therapy’ for Oestrus Induction in Postpartum Anoestrus Cows(2021) Satheshkumar, S; Punniamurthy, N; Ranganathan, V; TANUVASThe research was aimed at studying the effect of a ‘Herbal combo therapy’ (HCT) on induction of oestrus and enhancement of fertility in postpartum anoestrus (PPA) in crossbred cows. Crossbred cows (n = 24) which were diagnosed for true anoestrus condition were utilized for the study. All the cows were dewormed and randomly divided into two groups (i) Control group (n = 10): No treatment schedule and (ii) Treatment group (n = 14): HCT involving a sequential administration of Raphanus sativus, Aloe vera, Moringa oleifera, Cissuss quadrangularisis and Murraya koenigii for a period of 20 days. The animals which expressed oestrus signs during the experimental period were inseminated and pregnancy was confirmed. Diameter of the largest follicle was documented on the initiation day of experiment and at the end of the experimental period or on the day of expression of induced oestrus. Perusal of the data revealed that 71.4 per cent of the PPA animals responded to the HCT by expressing oestrus signs within the experimental period as against 10.0 per cent in control group. The follicular diameter significantly increased in HCT group (11.8 + 2.4 mm) than the control group (9.6 + 0.8 mm). The overall conception rate among the PPA cows treated with HCT was much higher (57.1%) than the control group (10.0%). Steroidogenic activity, rich nutrient source and anti-inflammatory properties of HCT would have potentiated the follicular development and thereby induced oestrus and improved conception rate in anoestrus cows.OtherItem Open Access IN-VIVO BIOMETRY OF OVARIAN STRUCTURES DURING OESTRUS IN CROSSBRED CATTLE(2019-12) Satheshkumar, S; Ganesan, A; Murugan, M; et al.; TANUVASBiometry of preovulatory follicle (POF) and regressed corpus luteum (RCL) during oestrus were ultrasonographically documented in crossbred cattle which were presented to Gynaecology Unit of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli from September 2017 to August2019. Data from 658 crossbred cattle (462 cows and 196 heifers) of two breeds viz., Jersey cross (JX; n = 542; cows: 392; heifers:150) and Holstein Friesian cross (HFX; n = 116; cows: 70; heifers: 46) maintained under varied rural managemental conditions in Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu were analyzed for the study. These animals were diagnosed to be in oestrus stage by ultrasonographic investigation. The diameter of the POF and RCL was calculated by measuring the length and breadth of the respective structures as per standard methods. Perusal of the data revealed that there was no significant difference in the diameter of the POF between cows and heifers (10.7+1.5vs10.2+1.5 mm), however the diameter of the RCL was significantly (P < 0.05) larger in cows (12.7+1.7 mm) than heifers (10.2+2.1 mm). No breed wise difference could be observed in relation to the diameter of ovarian structures. Even though the POF is larger in cows during cold months of the year (11.1+1.4 mm) than hotter months (10.9+1.7 mm) there was no significant difference between them. In heifers, the POF was non-significantly smaller and RCL was significantly (P < 0.05) larger during colder months when compared to cows. Comparison of the data revealed that crossbred cattle maintained in our tropical regions are having comparatively smaller ovarian structures than Bos taurus animals. Hence it is concluded that separate biometrical standards should be framed for the ovarian structures of crossbred cattle maintained in the tropical regions of our country.ArticleItem Open Access 'OESTRUS MONITORING CHART’: A TOOL TO IMPROVE POST BREEDING OESTRUS OBSERVATION IN A DAIRY FARM(TANUVAS, 2020-07) Satheshkumar, S; Ganesh Kumar, S; Senthilkumar, S, et al.; TANUVASOestrus detection plays an important role in the reproductive management of a dairy farm. To improve the postbreeding oestrus observation practice among the farmers, a reproductive management tool called ’Oestrus Monitoring Chart’ (OMC) was designed and developed. The effectiveness of this technology on oestrus detection, timed artificial insemination and pregnancy diagnosis was studied in a small scale crossbred cattle dairy farm.ArticleItem Open Access OVARIAN HAEMODYNAMICS AND FERTILITY IN CATTLE(2020-07) Satheshkumar, S; Raja, S; TANUVASOvarian vasculature is an important supportive component that ensures the fertility of an animal. Angiogenesis involves the formation of capillaries from pre-existing microvessels and therefore contributes to vascular remodelling and maturation. This process allows adequate nutritional and hormonal supply for ovarian follicle growth and corpus luteum (CL) formation. Colour-Doppler ultrasound has been used for studying vascular perfusion of ovarian structures and to analyse the blood flow parameters through Doppler spectrum. The ovarian follicle and CL are the major sites of active angiogenesis suggesting that a strong association between normal functionality of these structures and the network of blood vessels. Rapid pulse frequency of the peri-follicular blood flow is a prerequisite factor for induction of ovulation process. Sequential observation during an oestrous cycle revealed progressive increase in luteal blood flow with the increasing endocrine activity. There was an intense increase in luteal blood flow between days 15 – 17 of the oestrous cycle coinciding with the luteolysis. A deficient blood supply to the ovaries could disturb the follicular development, maturation and ovulation leading to various pathological conditions like anoestrus and cystic ovarian degeneration. More clinical research trials are required to develop suitable therapeutic protocols to modulate ovarian vascularity in order to enhance the fertility of cattle.OtherItem Open Access PROTEIN PROFILE OF FOLLICULAR CELLS IN CYCLIC AND ACYCLIC BUFFALOES(2019-12) Palanisammi, A; Satheshkumar, S; TANUVASThe objective of the study is to analyze the alterations in the protein profile of follicular cells in normal cyclic and acyclic anoestrus water buffaloes. Ovaries from sexually mature buffaloes were collected from abattoir and categorized into two groups viz., i. Cyclic and ii. Acyclic. In both the categories of ovaries, the follicular fluid (FF) was aspirated from all large follicles (> 9mm diameter) and small follicles (< 9 mm diameter) separately. FF was centrifuged and four categories of pelleted granulosa cells (CSG and ASG: Granulosa cells of small follicles in cyclic and acyclic groups, respectively; CLG and ALG: Granulosa cells of large follicles in cyclic and acyclic groups, respectively) were subjected for protein analysis by standard SDS-PAGE method. A total of 10 aliquots were studied in each category. A total of 30 and 18 bands (from 7.1 to 209.0 kDa) were observed in CSG and CLG categories, while 16 bands in each of the ASG and ALG were recorded. Majority of the proteins were in the range between 40 to 120 kDa in both the groups. It was observed that 40 per cent of bands present in the CSG group were not observed in CLG group. On the contrary, almost all the proteins found in ASG group were retained in the ALG group. It can be inferred that a group of small molecular weight granulosa cell proteins, correlating to IGF/IGFBP system, play a key role in providing a favorable proteo-genomic environment in the early stages of follicular development. Under the gonadotropin stimulus, these proteins might decrease in concentration and release the sequestered metabolic factors during final stages of follicular development enabling the attainment of dominance. In acyclic animals, retaining of such proteins in the large follicles indicated the non-availability of metabolic factors needed for final maturation of follicles.Item Open Access SOX-2 Gene Expression Pattern in Stem Cells Derived from Different Stages of In VitroProducedBuffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryos(Buffalo Bulletin, 2013-06) Prasad, Ch. Srinivasa; Palanisamy, A; Satheshkumar, S; Gomathy, V.S.; Raj, G. Dhinakar; Thangavel, A; TANUVASArticleItem Open Access Superovulatory response and embryo yield in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)(2020) Palanisammi, A; Satheshkumar, S; Rangasamy, S; TANUVASMurrah graded pluriparous buffaloes (n=10) were subjected for three superovulatory treatments. Treatment I (Control; n=20): Follicle Stimulating Hormone (600 mg) was initiated on the Day 10 for a period of five days. Treatment II (SO-OS; n = 7): Superstimulatory treatment was initiated after sychnronization of oestrous cycle by Ovsynch protocol. Gonadotrophin treatment for superovulation was initiated on Day 6 of synchronized cycle. Treatment III (SO-FWS; n = 7): GnRH (Inj. Receptal; 10 μg i.m.) was administered to all the animals on Day 6 of the cycle (Day 0: natural oestrus) and FSH treatment was initiated 96 h after GnRH (Day 10). Animals were inseminated thrice with frozen thawed proven during superovulatory oestrum and embryos/ova were recovered non-surgically on Day 5.5 of the superovulatory cycle. Six animals (30.0%) in control group did not respond for the treatment, while all the animals (100%) in SO-OS and SO-FWS groups responded for superovulation treatment. The mean number of CL is significantly (P < 0.05) higher in SO-OS group than the other groups. The control and SO-FWS groups had significantly (P < 0.01) greater number of anovulatory follicles (AFs). More percentage of transferrable quality embryos were recovered from SO-OS group, while more number of unfertilized ova and poor quality embryos were recovered from control and SO-FWS groups. It could be concluded that superovulatory response, embryo yield and embryo quality are better in buffaloes superovualted after the Ovsynch protocol.ArticleItem Open Access ULTRASONOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF OVARIAN FOLLICULAR DYNAMICS IN UMBLACHERY COWS(2024) Umanath, V; Satheshkumar, S; Raja, S, et al.; TANUVASUltrasonographic characterization of ovarian follicular dynamics was carried out in two subsequent oestrous cycles in Umblachery cows (n =10) from the day of observed oestrum (Day 0) to next oestrum. Two subsequent oestrous cycles were studied in all the animals. Out of 20 cycles studied, seven (35.00%), twelve (60.00%) and one (5.00%) cycle(s) had two, three and four waves respectively. The day at which the Wave-1 dominant follicle (DF) attained the maximum diameter varied widely from Day 5 to Day 11. It was also found that the day of Wave-2 emergence varied widely from Day 7 to Day 13 among the individual animals. The average diameters of anovulatory wave DFs ranged from 9.07 to 9.86 and that of ovulatory wave DFs averaged from 9.20 to 9.67 mm. The mean inter-oestrus intervals were significantly (P < 0.01) longer in cycles with three-follicular waves (22.17 ± 0.27 days) than two-follicular waves (19.43 ± 0.28 days). Even though follicular wave patterns were comparable with other crossbred and B.indicus cattle, smaller size of the DF and wide variation in the days to attaining maximum diameter and emergence of Wave-2 were found to be characteristic features of Umblachery cows.ArticleItem Open Access Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Ovario-Burso-Tubal Cyst in a Heifer(2019) Satheshkumar, S; Raja, A; Rajasundaram, RC; TANUVASA heifer was presented with history of repeat breeding syndrome. Trans-rectal gynaeco-clinical examination revealed normal uterine tract with bilateral cyst like structures in ovario-bursal region. Ultrasonography study confirmed ‘Cystic ovarian bursa’ on right side and ‘Tubo-ovarian cyst’ on left side, a probable sequel of severe ovario-bursal adhesion. Even though animal cyclicity was not affected, there are no chances for normal conception and hence declared sterile.ArticleItem Open Access கறவை மாடுகளின் பருவச்சுழற்சியின் இடைச்சினைப்பருவம் கருவுறுதலில் ஓர் தடங்கல்(TANUVAS, 2021-07) Satheshkumar, S; Prabakaran, V; Rajkumar, R; Raja, S; TANUVAS