Browsing by Author "Sarita"
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ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical studies of NO3 rant mutants of Azospirillum lipoferum and their impact on Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.)(College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1999) Sarita; Pathak, D.VThesisItem Open Access Consumption pattern of maize and development of supplementary foods from QPM (Quality Protein Maize)(CCSHAU, 2007) Sarita; Kawatra, AshaThe present study was undertaken to study the consumption pattern of maize in maize growing districts of Haryana i.e. Karnal and Ambala, development of supplementary food products from QPM and normal maize and to study nutritional composition of developed food products for diversifying the utilization of maize. A total of 200 families were selected from both the districts for conducting survey. A well structured questionnaire was prepared and information was collected on socio-economic status, dietary habits, food consumption pattern, maize utilization pattern i.e total production, household consumption use as animal feed, market surplus, cropping pattern, form of maize consumption etc. Various supplementary food products were developed from whole maize grains/grits/flour. They included products like Bakli, Poori, pulao, shakarpara, Dalia, Burfi, Vada and Sevian (extruded product). All the developed products were organoleptically evaluated. The results of the organoleptic evaluation of all the developed products indicated that all the products were organoleptically acceptable to the panel of judges. All products prepared by replacing cereals or legume ingredients (30:70 ratio) were also found to have more acceptable sensory values. Nutritional evaluation of acceptable products revealed that Protein, fat and Ash content of maize based sweet products like burfi, Shakarpara were observed to be higher in QPM based products than normal maize products. Crude fibre content of these products prepared from normal maize was highest and lowest in QPM based products. Contents of Starch and non reducing sugar were observed to be higher in normal maize based sweet products than QPM based products. All dietary fibre constituents were higher in QPM based traditional sweet products then those based on normal maize. It was found that preparation of various supplementary products viz. burfi, shakarpara, bakli, dalia, poorie, vada, sevian etc. from maize in combination with other cereals and legumes resulted in better nutritional profile. Therefore, replacement of wheat flour, Bengal gram flour, and refined wheat flour with maize flour for preparing various products in the diet may be beneficial. Keeping in view of the nutritional profile of QPM, the development of these products will not only diversify the uses of maize but will also be beneficial for human health especially in combating malnutrition. There is need to popularize the supplementary food products based on maize among the housewives so that they include these preparations in their daily dietaries. The increased utilization of maize will help in improving the production of maize which may indirectly help in improving the economic standards of farmers. The study also provides scope to make efforts for commercialization of the maize based products through self help groups and food industries etc.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Fertility Levels and Different Herbicides on the Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021-07-04) Sarita; Singh, Ishwar; Mehriya, Moti Lal; Parewa, Hanuman Prasad; Chandawat, M.S.A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture-Jodhpur, Rajasthan (Agriculture University, Jodhpur) during Rabi seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20. The experiment consisted of three fertility levels [75% RDF (90-30 kg N-P2O5/ha), 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P2O5/ha) and 125% RDF (150-50 kg N-P2O5/ha)] and seven herbicidal treatments (trisulfuron @ 15 g/ha 35 DAS; sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron methyl 5% @ 32 g/ha 35 DAS; clodinafop propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha 35 DAS; carfentrazon @ 20 g/ha 35 DAS; metsulfuron methyl @ 4 g/ha 35 DAS; weedy check and weed free check). The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design (SPD) with RDF in main and herbicides in sub plot replicated three times. Findings based on pooled analysis indicate that the lowest total weed dry weight at harvest was recorded with application of 75% RDF (24.72 g/m2 ). The N, P and K depletion by weed at 50 DAS and at harvest were increased significantly with increasing level of fertility upto 125% RDF. The plant height (89.14 cm) and crop dry matter (300.8 g/meter row length) at harvest stage were increased significantly up to 100% RDF on pooled basis. The LAI at 50 (3.06) & 75 DAS (4.01), CGR between 50-75 (17.08 g/m2 /day) and NAR (5.57 g/m2 leaf area/day) between 50-75 DAS were also responded significantly with application of fertilizer up to 100% RDF on pooled basis. Further, application of 100% RDF levels substantially improved yield attributing characters viz., number of total tillers/meter row length (147), spikes/meter row (143), spike length (13.36 cm), grains/spike (41.52) and test weight (45.44 g) over 75% RDF. Application of 100% RDF recorded significantly higher grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha), biological yield (9103 kg/ha) and harvest index (44.82%) over 75% RDF on pooled basis. Application of 100% RDF recorded higher N (54.59 kg/ha), P (5.05 kg/ha) and K (45.20 kg/ha) uptake in wheat plant over 75% RDF. N and K uptake by crop at 50 DAS was significantly increased upto 100% RDF whereas, uptake of phosphorus was significantly enhanced with each graded level of fertility up to 125% RDF on pooled basis. At harvest, application of 100% RDF significantly improved total N, P and K uptake of wheat by 28.04, 25.7 and 21.0% over 75% RDF, respectively. Additionally, significant improvement in crude protein content (10.10%) and protein yield (415.4 kg/ha) were also recorded with application of 100% RDF over 75% RDF on pooled basis. Application of 100% RDF recorded markedly higher N (72.98 and 25.93 kg/ha), P (13.25 and 8.73 kg/ha) and K (19.45 and 82.90 kg/ha) uptake in grain and straw of wheat over 75% RDF, respectively. Interaction effect between fertility levels and herbicides on N and P uptake in grain was found statistically significant. Herbicides ‘clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl @ 64 g/ha’ recorded higher N (86.11 and 32.79 kg/ha) and P uptake in grain with the application of 100% RDF over 75% RDF on pooled basisThe results on pooled basis reveal that clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl @ 64 g/ha gave the lowest total weed density (7.06/m2 ) and weed dry weight at harvest (9.52 g/m2 ). The higher weed control efficiency (91.30%), weed index (1.91), herbicide efficiency index (0.221) and crop resistance index at 50 DAS (9.68), 75 DAS (10.81) and at harvest (17.65) were recorded with clodinafop propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl @ 64 g/ha. On pooled basis, application of clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha and weed free check plots were on par and gave significantly minimum removal of N, P and K by weed at 50 DAS (1.13, 0.109 and 0.940 kg/ha) and at harvest (1.608, 0.165 &1.335 kg/ha), respectively. These treatments also remained at par with sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron methyl 5% @ 32 g/ha. Herbicide ‘clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl @ 64 g/ha’ substantially enhanced growth attributes viz., plant height at harvest (92.33 cm), crop dry matter (325.5 g/meter row length), tillers/meter row length (156), leaf area index at 50 DAS (3.15) at 75 DAS (4.05), net assimilation rate between 50-75 DAS (5.30 g/m2 leaf area/day) and crop growth rate between 50-75 DAS (16.49 g/m2 /day) over weedy check. Further, the herbicide ‘clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl @ 64 g/ha at 35 DAS’ also recorded marked improvement in yield attributes viz., spikes/meter row length (153), spike length (14.28 cm), grains/spike (44.52), test weight (46.27g), grain yield (4374 kg/ha), straw yield (5381 kg/ha) and biological yield (9755 kg/ha) over weedy check, on pooled basis Considerably higher N (56.95 kg/ha), P (5.83 kg/ha) and K (49.39) uptake in wheat plant at 50 DAS was recorded under application of clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha over rest of the treatments However it was at par with sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron methyl 5% @ 32 g/ha. Substantially higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by grain (80.70, 14.78 & 21.98 kg/ha) and straw (28.62, 10.09 & 92.38 kg/ha) were recorded by clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha on pooled basis. Post-harvest soil fertility analysis of wheat crop reveal significant improvement in available nitrogen (173.97 kg/ha) and phosphorus (22.57 kg/ha) with the application of 100 and 125% RDF over 75% RDF on pooled basis. Moreover, application of clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha and sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron methyl 5% @ 32 g/ha significantly enhanced available nitrogen (174.84 & 174.83 kg/ha), phosphorus (23.67 & 23.65 kg/ha) and potassium (325.36 & 325.10 kg/ha) recorded in soil after harvest of wheat over rest of treatments on pooled basis. Economic analysis predict, that application of 100% RDF along with clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha recorded significantly higher grain yield (4662 kg/ha), net return (`88,370/ha) and B: C ratio (3.16). Thus, based on the data of two years, it can be concluded that wheat grown under the agro-climatic condition of Zone-I a, can be fertilized with 100% RDF (120 kg nitrogen & 40 kg phosphorus/ha) along with application of clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha for management of weeds.ThesisItem Open Access ThesisItem Open Access Effects Of Heavy Metals On The Enzyme Activity In Some Fresh Water Fishes(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2005) Sarita; Jain, K. L.ThesisItem Open Access Impact assessment of arbuscular mycorrhiza on chilli wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici(CCSHAU, 2019) Sarita; Rakesh KumarThe present study was conducted to evaluave the impact assessment of arbuscular mycorrhiza on chilli wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici. Surveys in different district of Haryana was conducted during 2017 - 2018 for mycorrhizal colonization (%), sporocarp number in soil and wilt intensity in the chilli and found that mycorrhizal colonization (per cent) ranged from 1 - 17.3 per cent and sporocarp number in soil ranged from 9 - 130. wilt intensity ranged from 0.5 - 7.9. The mycorrhizal per cent colonization and sporocarp number in soil were highest in Mahendragarh district (Ateli 17.3 % and 130 respectively), followed by Fatehabad district (Dani Binja Lamba 13.1 % and 91 respectively) and lowest in Hisar district (11.5% and 69 respectively). The maximum wilt intensity was recorded from the Fatehabad district (Bhuna, 7.9), followed by Mahendragarh (Silarpur, 7.3) and minimum from Hisar (Kharar-Alipur, 5.2). Three Glomus species were tested on chilli. Maximum plant growth parameters (Plant height, Root length, Dry weight of root and shoot), SPAD chlorophyll content, per cent mycorrhizal colonization and sporocarp number was maximum in Glomus intraradices, when 400 spores were inoculated followed by Glomus mosseae and Glomus fasciculatum. The maximum per cent disease control (57%) was recorded when F. oxysporum + G. intraradices + T. harzianum were inoculated. For the management of chilli wilt G. intraradices and T. harzianum were used with different combination. For the management of chilli wilt G. intraradices and T. harzianum were used with different combination. Maximum plant growth parameters (Plant height, Root length, Dry weight of root and shoot), SPAD chlorophyll content and NPK content was in triple inoculation (F. oxysporum + G. intraradices + T. harzianum) and minimum in F. oxysporum at 90 DAT. Different mycorrhizal species may differ in their ability to control the disease. For the desirable effect on plant growth and inducing resistance to pathogens, suitable host symbiont combination has to be found. The use of mycorrhizal fungi an effective method for disease control, mainly root and soil borne disease.ThesisItem Open Access Isolation, screening and evaluation of arbuscular mycorrhiza for the management of tomato wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-11) Sarita; Narender SinghInvestigations were carried out on isolation and screening of arbuscular mycorrhiza on tomato wilt cause by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici.Samples for the investigation were collected from the tomato fields of COA, Bawal and its adjoining area and the vegetable farm of Hisar (also adjoining area) for collection of rhizosphere soils of tomato for isolation of mycorrhizal spores. Among all these samples total of 20 isolates (HM-1 to BM-10) were selected for further study. Mycorrhizal fungi were maintained on wheat (Triticum aestivum) and pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides). In soil, the sporocarp population was highest in Glomus fasciculatum (8774), while mycorrhizal colonization was more in Glomus mosseae (96.1 %) among all the treatments. Effect of the mycorrhizal species (Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices and Glomus hoi) and isolates (HM-1 to BM-10) were observed on growth parameters (plant height, fresh shoot weight and fresh root weight), mycorrhizal per cent colonization and sporocarp number and NPK content of tomato plants and found that all the treatments were significantly superior as compared to uninoculated control. Maximum plant height (48.4cm), shoot weight (14.63g) and root weight (4.53g) were found in isolate BM9. Hence, isolate was selected for further experiments. A negative effect was observed on the viability of different mycorrhizal species (Glomus mosseae, Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus hoi and Glomus intraradices) uncoupled from the host. After 7 months of shoot removal minimum and significant lowest viability was observed in Glomus intraradices (35.4 %) and the maximum was in Glomus mosseae (40.1 %) (2020). During 2021, minimum and significant lowest viability was observed in Glomus intraradices (32.9 %) and the highest in Glomus hoi (39.2 %). Maximum mycorrhizal population (Mycorrhizal colonization and sporocarp number), plant growth parameters (plant height, fresh weight of shoot and fresh weight of root and dry weight of shoot and dry weight of root), Mycorrhizal inoculation effect and mycorrhizal dependency was found in onion which was sequential crop after tomato as compared to without sequential crop rotation. Effect of different treatments on wilt intensity of tomato was observed in screen house conditions and maximum wilt intensity was found in Fusarium oxysporum (75.27 %) inoculation followed by Fusarium oxysporum→ Mycorrhiza (52.47 %). Wilt disease of tomato was most effectively managed (61.30 %) by combinational application of mycorrhiza, vermicompost, FYM and spent mushroom substrate mushroom substrate recession of decreased total soluble proteins and sugars and boost of total phenol was noted in F. oxysporum inoculated plants.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular Diversity Among Diazotrophs In Arid Zone Soils Of Haryana(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2005) Sarita; Sharma, P. K.ThesisItem Restricted Perception of Dairy Farmers about Animal Welfare(LUVAS, 2014) Sarita; S.P. SinghThe study was conducted on 120 dairy farmers randomly selected from the Hisar district of Haryana state to explore the attitudinal dimensions of dairy farmers towards animal welfare and their awareness about animal welfare legislation. To measure the attitude of dairy farmers towards animal welfare a 16 statements attitude scale was constructed following the standard procedure of attitude scale construction and for knowledge assessment knowledge schedule based on PCA, Act 1960 was developed. Results demonstrated that more than 86 per cent of dairy farmers were having either strongly favourable or favourable attitude towards animal welfare and there was no significant difference in attitude score of dairy farmers in different categories of herd size. As far as the knowledge level of different categories of the respondents are concerned, majority of the respondents were found to have low to medium level of knowledge about animal welfare laws. It was further observed that the knowledge of farmers ranged from 95 per cent to 50 per cent as a whole keeping the different aspects of animal welfare laws in view. The correlation equation between dependent and independent variables further indicated that educational qualification, extension contact and mass media exposure of dairy farmers had positive and significant relationship with attitude and knowledge of dairy farmers regarding animal welfare laws. All the nine independent variables had jointly explained about 60 to 70 per cent variation towards attitude and knowledge of dairy farmers. The overall analysis revealed that social participation and mass media exposure had positive and direct effect on attitude and knowledge of the respondents. Maximum substantial indirect effect was seen from social participation followed by mass media exposure in case of both attitude and knowledge of the respondents. Suggestions like capacity building of dairy farmers for improving animal welfare, incorporating animal welfare issues and programs into existing public awareness campaigns, R & D special efforts and precautions has been made. Further studies in areas of gaining an awareness of various stakeholder’s attitudes toward animal welfare and determining what variables are the most important in predicting attitudes towards animal welfare in our country’s cultural situations have yet to be discovered are advised. Despite this study’s limitations, the findings emerged from the present study are important, encouraging and will assist in formulating strategies aimed at enhancing animal welfare.ThesisItem Open Access Physiological responses for salinity tolerance in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)(CCSHAU, 2017) Sarita; Sandooja, J.K.In this study, 15 genotypes of Brassica juncea namely RH0673, RH0725, RH1462, RH1470, RH1472, RH1501, RH1504, RH1507, RH1512, RH1514, RH1520, RH1535, RH8812, RH9304, and RH0305 which have unknown response to salinity were screened for the selection of salinity tolerant genotypes. Seeds of these genotypes were raised in plastic trays having 3kg soil saturated with 0, 8, 10, 12 and 14dSm-1 salinity salts with water. On the basis of this experiment, genotypes RH0725 and RH1512 were salinity tolerant whereas, genotypes RH1520 and RH8812 were susceptible to salinity. These four genotypes were sown in pots having 5kg dune sand saturating by 0, 8, 10 and 12dSm-1 salinity salts with water, for further investigation of physiological responses. Salinity stress affected all physiological parameters. Some physiological parameters like total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, protein content etc reduced due to salinity applications both at vegetative and flowering stage. However, some parameters like electrolyte leakage, MDA content, total soluble sugars antioxidant enzymes (CAT and POX) activity increased by all salinity levels both at vegetative and flowering stage. Yield and yield attributes such as no. of siliqua/plant, no. of seeds/siliqua and 1000 seeds weight were also reduced by all levels of salinity. Under salinity, minimum reduction in photosynthetic rate, total chlorophyll content, transpiration rate, total soluble proteins etc and maximum increase in osmolytes such as total soluble sugars, proline content etc were observed in genotype RH1512. So, genotype RH1512 performed very well under all salinity levels. So, it is concluded that, genotype RH1512 was more salinity tolerant where RH8812 was comparatively more sensitive towards salinity.ThesisItem Open Access Problems and prospects of buffalo husbandry in Haryana(LUVAS, 2017) Sarita; S.P. SinghThe study was conducted on 250 dairy farmers randomly selected from the Murrah tract of Haryana state to explore their knowledge, adoption, perceived training needs and perceived constraints about recommended buffalo husbandry practices. The data were collected personally by the researcher using the well structured and pretested interview schedule. Results revealed that dairy farmers have medium level of knowledge, adoption, training needs and constraints. In the area of breeding practices knowledge about right time of insemination (33%), retention of placenta (34%) and age determination (23%) of their animals was poor. In the area of feeding practices knowledge about balanced feeding (16%), the procedure of making hay or silage (0%) and feeding of mineral mixture to animals (16%) was also poor. In the area of management practices knowledge about right method of milking (47%), teat dipping at complete drying off of the animal (2%) and record keeping (15%) was poor. In the area of health care practices knowledge about disinfection of animal house (3%), zoonosis through animals and milk (29%) and timely and regular deworming of buffaloes (32%) was poor. In the area of breeding practices minimum adoption of artificial insemination (12%), pregnancy diagnosis (28%), character of breeding bull before breeding (32%) and right time of breeding (30%) was found poor. Minimum adoption of mineral mixture feeding (10%), reduction of quantity of concentrate feed during availability of green fodder (32%) and colostrum feeding (28%) was also found poor in feeding practices. The farmers had minimum adoption about dry hand milking (2%), record keeping (12%), disinfection of naval cord (26%) and full hand method (13%) was observed poor in case of management practices. With regard to health care practices, almost none of the respondents disinfected animal shed (1%). However, 23 per cent of dairy farmers followed complete isolation of contagious disease infected animals. In the area of breeding practices “right time of insemination” (60%) was perceived to be the most serious training need followed by “precautions after insemination” (59%). In feeding practices, most needed areas were “preparation of low cost concentrate mixture” (67%) followed by “knowledge about feeding of animal in different stages” (61%). In case of management practices most needed training sub areas were “marketing and insurance” (70%) followed by training about “mastitis control measures” (61%). In the area of health care, most needed training sub areas by dairy farmers were “deworming and vaccination of animals” (65%) and “knowledge about common diseases and their prevention” (64%). In the area of breeding “belief that conception rate of A.I. in buffaloes is poor” (79%), “lack of knowledge about right time of insemination” (78%) and “belief that PD is harmful for pregnant animals” (75%) were the most serious constraints perceived by dairy farmers. In the area of feeding “high cost of feed” (82%) was the most serious constraint followed by “lack of availability of green fodder round the year” (78%) and “lack of knowledge about preparation of low cost balanced concentrate mixture at home” (76%). In the area of management “lack of knowledge and resources for cheap and scientific housing” (72%) and “cost of buffalo is very high” (69%) were found the most serious constraints. In health care practices, “high cost of treatment” (79%) was considered as the most serious constraint followed by “lack of knowledge about common diseases and their preventive measures” (72%). Independent variables such as educational qualification, economic motivation, social participation and training on dairy farming have profound influence on knowledge, adoption and training need of scientific dairy farming practices. Caste, educational qualification and economic motivation were negatively and significantly correlated with the overall constraints. All the selected independent variables had jointly explained about 37 to 45 per cent of variation towards knowledge, adoption, training needs and constraints. So, there is lot of scope for increasing the existing level of knowledge of dairy farmers about improved animal husbandry practices. More training programmes, demonstrations, field days, exhibitions, camps, radio/TV talks should be organized to increase the know how of the farmers. The constraints perceived by the dairy farmers should be taken into account while formulating and implementing the developmental programmes for improved dairy husbandry practices. Until and unless the constraints faced by the dairy farmers are solved, no further extent or upliftment of dairy development activities will be effective. So the relevant authorities need take up necessary steps to solve those constraints. It was evident from the findings that training organisations should make training programmes more effective and should be based on the felt needs. The training programme which is not need based have little impact on bringing desired change in the clientele system.ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON AGRICULTURE PROFESSION AS PERCEIVED BY THE RURAL YOUTH IN MUNGELI DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH(INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALAYA RAIPUR (Chhattisgarh), 2021) Sarita; Awasthi, H.K.; Shrivastava, K.K.; Dwivedi, S.K.; Shukla, SindhuA country's youth population is the most powerful segment of its population. Today's youth are tomorrow's hope. They serve as the country's backbone, lifeblood of a nation and reflect its potential. Because rural kids have the potential to align themselves with the main stream of development, the socioeconomic development and prosperity of rural areas is greatly influenced by the type of youth who live there. As a result, the growth of youth has an impact on the development of the community and the country. Desire is common among teenagers, and they are eager to act on it.They have open minds, as well as the benefit of education and a greater capacity to learn new techniques and skills. Thus, by bringing new ideas and messages to their families, the youth can serve as the best medium of our community's life on both a technological and human level. Because youth have been identified as effective "change agents," they can aid in the dissemination and adoption of modern agricultural techniques. Participation of young people in agriculture is critical for long-term agricultural systems, although it is currently challenging in many locations. Rural illiteracy, unemployment among educated youth, a lack of effective guidance, and a "brain drain" of educated rural youth to metropolitan areas are only a few of the significant challenges. It is concerning to notice that young people are losing interest and confidence in agriculture and related activities, as a result of which they are unwilling to participate in agricultural operations. All of the preceding elements were considered when developing the objectives. The study used an ex-post facto research design. The research was carried out in the Mungeli district of Chhattisgarh during the year; 2019-20.All three blocks of Mungeli district namely Mungeli, Lormi and Pathariya were selected for the present study. From each blocks, four villages with highest youth population were purposively selected for the study. Thus, a total of twelve villages were selected for study. From each village, 10 farmers were randomly selected. Thus a total of 120 farmers (10 × 12 = 120), were randomly selected for the present study. The independent variables selected for the present study were education, family size, family type, marital status occupation, annual income, land holding, social participation, extension contact, mass media exposure, aspirations, risk orientation, scientific orientation, achievement motivation, economic motivation and innovativeness. Perception of rural youth towards agriculture as a profession was considered as dependent variable. Majority (38.33%) of respondents have education up to Higher Secondary school, who belongs to joint family (80.00%) with medium size family (62.50%) and are married (64.71%) with their main occupation as agriculture + labour (40.00%). About 35.00 per cent of the respondents have land holding between2 to 4 ha with an annual income between 46,741 Rs./- to 1,07,093 Rs/- and have membership in two or more than two organization (41.67%). While majority of the respondents have medium level of extension contact (50.83%), medium mass media exposure (68.33%), medium level of aspiration (57.50%), medium risk orientation (57.50%), ‘medium scientific orientation’(60.83%), medium achievement motivation (69.17%), ‘medium level of economic motivation’(60.84%) and medium level of innovativeness (80.83%) Over all higher number of the rural youths (67.50%) have medium favourable attitude regarding agriculture as a profession, followed by (18.34%) young respondents had high favourable and (14.16%) had low favourable attitude regarding agriculture as a profession. Majority of the respondents (64.17%) were found to have medium level of perception regarding agriculture as a profession, whereas 19.16 per cent and 16.67 per cent of respondents had a low and high level Majority of the respondents (68.34%) belongs to medium level of participation in different farm activity followed by high participation (16.66%) and low participation (15.00%) in various farm activities. Chi-square tests were carried out to know the association between 16 profile characteristics of the respondents with the perception of rural youth regarding agriculture as a profession. It is observed that education, family size, occupation, annual income, land holding, social participation, extension contact, mass media exposure, aspirations, risk orientation, scientific orientation, achievement motivation, economic motivation and innovativeness showed significant relationship with perception of rural youth regarding agriculture as a profession While family type, marital status and aspirations did not show significant relationship with perception of rural youth regarding agriculture as a profession The majority of respondents 92.50 per cent (rank-I) faced Problem of irrigation followed by pest and diseases problem with 75.00 per cent (rank-II), High cost of farming with 58.33 per cent (rank-III). 52.50 per cent and 47.50 per cent of the respondents faced problem regarding ‘Lack of proper guidance from agriculture department (rank-IV) and Lack of new information related to agriculture (rank-V). About 40.83 per cent of the respondents faced problem with ‘Lack of training facilities in village (rank-VI). Whereas 35.83 per cent of the respondents have faced problem with ‘Inadequate and untimely supply of fertilizers and Low returns similarly which are given rank-VII. The following are suggestions made by rural youth to address the constraints: ‘Adequate and timely release of water for irrigation’ is ranked very first in the list of the suggestion followed by suggestions ‘Timely financial support’, ‘Conduct of training Programs’ and ‘Pheromone trap and its information should be found in rural areas’ which are ranked as second, third and fourth respectively. The suggestion ‘Agriculture department should be given proper guidance’ ranked fifth in the list followed by ‘‘Timely information on latest technologies, ‘‘Adequate and timely supply of fertilizer’ and ‘Timely supply of quality seed’ ranked sixth, seventh and eighth respectively. The suggestion Awareness programs on agriculture to youth were ranked ninth in the list of suggestion given by the respondents.ThesisItem Open Access Technology Of Paneer Pickle Production From Blends Of Buffalo Milk And Soymilk And Its Shelf-Life(CSA University of Agriculture and Technology;Kanpur, 2006) Sarita; Dwivedi, H.B.ThesisItem Open Access Ultrasonographic assessment of maternal internal vital organs during various stages of pregnancy and after kidding in goats(LUVAS, 2019) Sarita; Chandolia, R.K.The present study has been conducted on six normal Beetal goats at goat farm in AGB Deptt. LUVAS (Hisar) to assess the ultrasonographic status of dam before pregnancy, during various stages of pregnancy and after kidding along with biochemical parameters SGPT, SGOT, ALP, Creatinine, Urea and hormone cortisol. Both trans-abdominal as well as trans-thoracic ultrasonography of mother kidney, liver and heart was done before pregnancy, during pregnancy and up to 3 week of kidding. there is stress on heart as all major heart parameters, LVID, IVS, LVFW during diastole and systole, LVEDV, LVESV, CO, Heart rate, Stroke volume showed significant change from mid pregnancy onwards and reached maximum on day 142 of pregnancy than remain elevated up to 3 week of kidding from control. Renal length and width of both kidneys did not show any significant change through out pregnancy from control while kidney fat thickness showed significant decrease from day 142 onwards and continue to decrease 3 week after kidding. Musculature of heart, kidney and liver undergo changes as pixel value and SGOT increase with advancement of pregnancy. Kidney function alters during pregnancy as urea & creatinine increase during advancement of pregnancy. Cortisol increases with advancement of pregnancy and decreases after delivery. Finally it is concluded that changes in vital organs that occur during pregnancy might take longer time as most of changes occurred during pregnancy did not return to control value.